Exam Preparation: Mastering Key Concepts in Biology 182, Exams of Nursing

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Bio 182 Exam 1 questions well answered

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Lamarck's ideas - correct answer ✔✔inheritance of acquired characteristics inheritance of acquired characteristics - correct answer ✔✔changes that affect an organism during its lifetime would be passed to it's offspring; Ex. Giraffes stretch necks for food, thus offspring develop larger necks evolution by natural selection - correct answer ✔✔the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce conditions for natural selection - correct answer ✔✔phenotypes vary, are heritable, and affect reproduction how do bacterio become immune to antibiotics - correct answer ✔✔bacteria with variations that allow them to survive are able to reproduce. They pass down the genes that grant immunity to the antibiotics control - correct answer ✔✔an element in an experiment that is unchanged by other variables. used to increase the reliability of an experiment independent variable - correct answer ✔✔the variable that is manipulated during the experiment dependent variable - correct answer ✔✔the variable that is effected by other variables; changes in response to the independent variable replicates - correct answer ✔✔doing this increases reliability of the experiment sample size - correct answer ✔✔the number of subjects in the experiment; one too small produces unreliable results

heritability - correct answer ✔✔the proportion of phenotypic variance determined by the additive effects of the alleles how heritability is estimated - correct answer ✔✔additive genetic variance (Vg) over phenotypic variance (Vp); Vg/Vp; the relationship between the phenotypes of parents and their offspring T/F More heritable traits lead to more rapid evolution - correct answer ✔✔True Point mutation - correct answer ✔✔gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed; most likely to form a new allele Insertion mutation - correct answer ✔✔a nucleotide is added into the sequence, shifting the amino acids to the right deletion mutation - correct answer ✔✔a nucleotide is removed from the sequencing, shifting amino acids to the left dominance - correct answer ✔✔only one allele needed to be present to be expressed Mendelian Genetics - correct answer ✔✔the pattern of inheritance across generations using crosses. recessive - correct answer ✔✔two alleles needed for the gene to be expressed incomplete dominance - correct answer ✔✔Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele; Example a black cat and white cat produce offspring that is black with white spots. blending inheritance - correct answer ✔✔parental traits blend such that their offspring have intermediate traits; Ex. Mendel's pea plants; a white plant reproduces with a red plant to form a pink plant.

Punnett square - correct answer ✔✔a test used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring Sex-linked inheritance - correct answer ✔✔a gene that is carried on a sex chromosome; can be a carrier of the gene without it being expressed chi-squared test - correct answer ✔✔Used to test hypothesis about one variance DNA Replication - correct answer ✔✔DNA is copied so that each daughter cell receives all necessary genetic material DNA polymerase - correct answer ✔✔the enzyme used to copy DNA How are errors during DNA replication corrected - correct answer ✔✔DNA polymerase corrects this How are errors found after replication corrected - correct answer ✔✔mismatch repairs DNA ligase - correct answer ✔✔bridges the gap between nucleotides after repairs How do prokaryotes know which strand is the copy - correct answer ✔✔it will not have a methyl group how do eukaryotes know which strand is the copy - correct answer ✔✔they rely on markers and physical attraction between enzymes to determine. silent mutations - correct answer ✔✔a mutation that does not have an effect on the code for the amino acid codons - correct answer ✔✔start, stop, and sequence for amino acids T/F there is redundancy in genetic code - correct answer ✔✔True