Exam to Questions with Answers - Introduction to Anthropology | ANTH 1000, Exams of Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Download Exam to Questions with Answers - Introduction to Anthropology | ANTH 1000 and more Exams Introduction to Cultural Anthropology in PDF only on Docsity! ANTH 1000 EXAM #2A Name____________________________________ Fall 2009 PLEASE TURN IN YOUR EXAM WITH YOUR ANSWER SHEET! Section 1: True/False (2 points) 1. T/F: Compared with H. habilis, H. erectus was using more and increasingly efficient types of tools. 2. T/F: Taken together, the Neanderthal traits exhibit a trend toward adaptation to a cold environment. 3. T/F: The Neanderthals migrated to the New World across the Bering land bridge. 4. T/F: Sedentism refers to seasonal population movement. 5. T/F: The earliest known stone tools belong to the Acheulian tradition. Section 2: Multiple Choice (2 points) 6. What is the term for the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and southwestern Iran? a. Mesopotamia b. Mesolithic c. Mesoamerica d. Mesozoic e. Mesoderm 7. Which of these australopithecines can be characterized by large teeth, huge chewing muscles, and post- orbital constriction? a. Homo habilis b. Australopithecus afarensis c. Australopithecus boisei d. Ardipithecus ramidus 8. According to information presented in the textbook, in which of the following places are H. erectus fossils NOT found? a. Java b. China c. Africa d. Europe e. North America 9. The _________ forms of Homo erectus are sometimes grouped into a separate species, __________, because of differences in the thickness of the skull and body proportions. a. Asian | Homo habilis b. African | Homo ergaster c. European | Homo neanderthalensis d. African | Homo rudolfensis 1 10. The earliest stone tool tradition is known as a. Oldowan b. Percussion c. Acheulian d. Habilis 11. Fire, possible big-game hunting, campsites with windbreaks and specialized tool-making areas, and Acheulian tools are all associated with ____________________ culture. a. Upper Pleistocene b. Pliocene c. Lower Paleolithic d. Miocene 12. Oldowan tools were created by striking one stone with another; this technique is called the: a. Baton technique b. Percussion method c. Hitting method d. ‘Don’t bang your fingers’ method 13. What was the first hominin to arrive in the New World? a. H. erectus b. A. boisei c. H. sapiens sapiens d. H. sapiens neanderthalensis e. H. habilis 14. Homo habilis and ______________ are sometimes separated into two species because of differences in body size; others think these differences are due to sexual dimorphism and they should be grouped together into one species. a. Homo rudolfensis b. Homo ergaster c. Homo neanderthalensis d. Australopithecus boisei 15. A major disadvantage of bipedalism is a. greater visibility to predators b. constraints on the size of the pelvic inlet and infant brain size c. increased stress on the lower back d. all of the above 16. Some anthropologists have argued that Pleistocene African fossils represent the species ____________ and would restrict H. erectus to Asia & Europe. a. H. ergaster b. A. robustus c. A. boisei d. H. sapiens 17. The discovery of ______________ in Kenya, which had a face like Homo but brain size like an early australopithecine, caused paleoanthropologists to reconsider the evolutionary relationship between gracile australopithecine and Homo species. a. Australopithecus anamensis b. Ardipithecus ramidus c. Kenyanthropus platyops d. Homo habilis 18. ______________ is a member of the smaller, less robust group of australopithecines a. Australopithecus robustus b. Australopithecus africanus c. Homo habilis d. Homo ergaster 2 34. What was the tool tradition associated with the first humans to arrive in North America? a. Mousterian b. Acheulian c. Neolithic d. La Chapelle e. Clovis 35. Where were most of the early hominin fossils found? a. East and South Africa. b. East and North Africa. c. West and South Africa. d. Central Africa. 36. Which species is hypothesized to have perhaps developed early tools? a. Australopithecus robustus b. Australopithecus afarensis c. Australopithecus boisei d. Australopithecus garhi 37. Hypotheses for the origins of bipedalism include all of the following EXCEPT: a. To free the hands to haul food and make tools. b. To explore new environments. c. To run faster from predators. d. To keep cool in the hot African sun. 38. Levallois flakes are more frequently found in _________ tool kits a. Olduwan b. Acheulian c. Mousterian d. Solutrean 39. Compared to the Middle East, when did food production emerge in the New World? a. 30,000 to 40,000 years later b. 3,000 to 4,000 years later c. 30,000 to 40,000 years earlier d. 3,000 to 4,000 years earlier e. at approximately the same time 40. What do we know has occurred if plant remains from a particular site have characteristics different from those of wild plants of the same types? a. cultivation b. domestication c. mutation d. natural selection 41. Which of the following is not a characteristic of states? a. They control specific regional territories. b. They have productive farming economies. c. They have record-keeping systems. d. They are stratified into social classes. e. They lack hereditary inequality. 42. During the Miocene in Africa, the: a. Grasslands expanded and forests receded. b. Forests expanded and grasslands receded. c. There was no environmental change noticed. d. The desert expanded. 5 43. Many scholars believe that the reason why H. floresiensis was so small was a. They were really australopithecines b. They were a band of midgets c. They lived on an island with few resources and no major predators d. They lived on an island with many resources and no major predators 44. In the movie “Mystery of the First Americans” the narrator suggests that the facial characteristics of Kennewick Man led many to assume that the earliest migrants to the New World were: a. Asian b. Australian c. African d. Caucasian 45. According to the Out-of Africa theory, most of the __________ and ________ did not evolve into modern humans a. Neanderthals, archaic H. sapiens b. H. erectus, archaic H. sapiens c. H. habilis, archaic H. sapiens d. australopithecines, archaic H. sapiens 46. At present, archaeologists identify the Neolithic revolution by presence of a. Levallois flakes b. Microlithic technology c. Domesticated plants and animals d. Broad-spectrum collecting 47. According to your textbook, what is the most complete explanation of state formation? a. The irrigation theory b. The environmental/social circumscription theory c. The trade theory d. All of the above 48. Which of the following most clearly identifies A. afarensis as a hominin? a. postcranial (below the head) remains indicating bipedalism b. pointed canines that project beyond the other teeth c. stereoscopic vision d. small brain case e. molars larger than those of later Australopithecus remains 49. What does the extinction of the australopithecines suggest? a. The australopithecines ultimately were unsuccessful in competing with early Homo populations. b. The broad-spectrum revolution was not adaptive. c. Australopithecines had no social organization. d. The transitional stage between apes and humans was very short. e. The australopithecines are relatively unimportant in the study of human evolution. 50. Which species is one of the earliest probable hominins, living about 5.8 to 4.4 million years ago? a. Australopithecus afarensis b. Australopithecus boisei c. Ardipithecus ramidus d. Homo erectus 6 EXTRA CREDIT (10 points) For extra credit, answer the appropriate question in a short paragraph. Discuss in some detail three pieces of evidence supporting the Multiregional hypothesis of anatomically modern human origins (for example, genetic evidence, fossil evidence etc.). DESCRIBE why these finds support the hypothesis. 7