FDNY COF P-98 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 187 VERIFIED QUESTIONS & ANSWER, Exams of Engineering

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FDNY COF P-98 EXAM AND PRACTICE EXAM

2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 187 VERIFIED

QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS. ALREADY GRADED A

1.- Where generally Fuel-oil is used in buildings? What purposes?* - ANSIs used in Stationary Equipment’s, Two purposes: a) Fuel Emergency Generators b) Fuel Equipment used to heat the building 2.- What COF is required to supervise the Fuel-oil transfer in the building from one floor to another? - ANSP-98 and maintain all qualifications and comply w/ requirements applicable to such certificate holder The P-98 COF is premise-related 3.- The use of the word should refers to: - ANSPolices, procedures and / or best practices recommended by the FDNY

4.- The use of the word shall refers to: - ANSRequirement of the Fire Code or the FDNY 5.- Supervision of Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage Operation Shall be under the GENERAL SUPERVISION of P-98: - ANSA stationary fuel-oil storage tank, related piping, that is installed on the lowest floor of the building and transfer fuel-oil through piping to another stationary fuel-oil storage tank, or fuel burning equipment, installed above such floor 6.- Supervision of Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage Operation Shall be under the PERSONAL SUPERVISION of P-98 COF shall be? - ANSPeriodic Inspection and Testing of tanks and piping 7.- Maintenance Requirements Fuel-oil storage tanks and piping shall be inspected for any evidence of leaks? - ANSWeekly 8.- Maintenance Requirements Fuel-oil storage tanks shall have their float switches tested to ensure that they are in good working order at least? - ANSWeekly

9.- Licences & Certificates No oil burning equipment may operated until? - ANSa) Certificate of Compliance has been issued by NYCDOB b) Air pollution control code requirements NYCDEP c) Permit for the Storage & use of fuel-oil issued by FDNY 10.- Licences & Certificates Pursuant to the New NYC Fire Code & Mechanical Codes stated that? - ANSThe COF is required for all existing and new buildings where fuel is being transported from the lowest levels to tanks or equipment on upper floors 11.- Oil Circulation in the System Diagram of: Oil Circulation from the Tank at the LOWEST floor of a building to the burner on the floor above such floor through the pump - ANS 12.- Oil Circulation in the System

What the oil storage tank do? - ANSProvides the supply of oil for combustion in the oil burner. It's inside a dike. In case of leak the diked area will contain the oil. 13.- Oil Circulation in the System How is the #2 fuel-oil in its normal condition? - ANSIs thin and light and is easily pumped through the circulation system. 14.- Oil Circulation in the System What the suction pump do? - ANSCirculates the oil throughout the system. Dirt and sediment are present in the fuel-oil coming from the oil storage tank. The oil filter removes most of these contaminants from the oil before the oil reaches the burner's strainer. 15.- Oil Circulation in the System How many inches has to be the SUCTION LINE? - ANS6 inches from the bottom of the tank for sediments not to be absorbed 16.- Oil Circulation in the System

What is the vacuum gauge? - ANSA device that measures pressure below atmospheric pressure. 17.- Oil Circulation in the System Excessive vacuum readings means? - ANSIndicate that there is an obstruction in the suction line (such as dirty oil strainer) when this occurs the flow of oil can be stopped by closing the shut-off valve. 18.- Oil Circulation in the System Closing the shut-off valve.? - ANSFlow of oil STOP This permits the operator to clean the filter/strainer or to perform other maintenance 19.- Oil Circulation in the System Main Oil Storage Tank on the Lowest Level - ANS 20.- Oil Circulation in the System Main Oil Storage Tank Dike - ANS

21.- Oil Circulation in the System How operated the Main Fuel Valve? - ANSThe main fuel valve is electrically operated and will open or close the line leading to the atomizer only for oil burners. 22.- Oil Circulation in the System The Main Fuel Valve... - ANSIt will SHUT DOWN the burner system if there is a failure of ignition or combustion 23.- Oil Circulation in the System Oil circulates through the piping system back to....? - ANSThe storage tank through the oil return line 24.- Oil Circulation in the System For Safety is provide a Back Pressure Relief Valve - ANSIf the pressure becomes too great... 25.- Oil Circulation in the System

Where is located a Day Tank? - ANSMay be located throughout the building above the lowest floor 26.- Oil Circulation in the System Day Tank Filter - ANS 27.- Oil Circulation in the System Is required a Separate pump? - ANSYes, is required for each DAY TANK to supply each floor 28.- Oil Circulation in the System In case of a leak in the piping.....? - ANSLeak collector is provided. Leak collector is stored by the storage tank 29.- Oil Circulation in the System Leak Collector Inside the Walls - ANS

30.- Oil Circulation in the System Leak collector has a gauge? - ANSYes, It has a oil level gauge which shows the amount collected. A gauge will show how much oil is inside a main storage tank/day tank 31.- Oil Circulation in the System Leak Collector w/Oil Level Gauge - ANS 32.- Oil Circulation in the System Level Gauge - ANS 33.- Oil Burner Operation What is a combustion? - ANSCombustion is the chemical union of the oxygen in the air with combustible elements in fuel-oil (hydrogen and carbon). 34.- Oil Burner Operation

What is the end result of combustion? - ANSThe production of heat energy. Oil firing equipment is used to liberate heat energy from fuel-oil. 35.- Oil Burner Operation The principal components of the oil firing equipment? - ANSOil burners are the principal components of the oil firing equipment and provide the means of supporting the process of combustion. 36.- Oil Burner Operation What are the two principal elements of fuel-oil? - ANSCarbon and hydrogen. During the combustion process, the carbon content of fuel-oil (about 85%) unites with the oxygen in the air and forms carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The hydrogen content of the oil (about 14%) unites with the oxygen and produces water. The objective is to have a complete combustion process 37.- Oil Burner Operation In order to support combustion? - ANSIt must be changed to a gas or vapor and mixed with air 38.- Oil Burner Operation

The Oil burner? - ANSIs primarily a device for processing the liquid fuel for combustion by accelerating the change from liquid to a vapor that can be mixed with air and burned. 39.- Oil Burner Operation Why is necessary atomizing oil? - ANSThis process of breaking down or atomizing the oil is to ensure prompt ignition and rapid combustion. Although there are various types of oil burners, i.e. generator or boiler, they all vaporize or atomize the oil before it enters the combustion chamber where it is mixed with air in predetermined proportions. 40.- Oil Burner Operation Oil burner uses an oil pump? - ANSAn oil burner uses an oil pump and mixes air and oil within the nozzle itself. In oil burners, the oil and air mixture is delivered to the nozzle at a pressure dependent upon the make of the burner. The air that contacts the oil prior to its leaving the nozzle is referred to as primary air. 41.- Oil Burner Operation What is Secondary air? - ANS*The introduction of air from the blower or fan into the combustion chamber after the oil has left the nozzle is referred to as

"secondary air". Every brand of oil burner is essentially different from that of other manufacturers* 42.- Oil Burner Operation The Diesel generators - ANSuse injection nozzles without primary air, thus it is important that an operator of a system understand the functions of his/her particular system completely. 43.- Oil Burner Operation Oil burners required approximately? - ANS2000 cubic feet of air per gallon of oil consumed. The mixture of oil and air is sprayed in vapor form into a firebox area (the combustion chamber) where combustion takes place 44.- Oil Burner Operation Why the mixture of air and fuel in the burner must be strictly controlled? - ANSOtherwise it could become an explosive mixture. During the process of combustion, one part of carbon unites with two parts of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2). Each time 1 pound of carbon is burned, 14,544 BTU of heat are liberated. 45.- Oil Burner Operation

What is recognized as the end product of complete combustion? - ANS"Carbon dioxide" Is recognized as the end product of complete combustion. Should fuel be supplied without the proper amount of oxygen, carbon dioxide and soot will be produced. It would be produced at 4,480 BTU at heat liberated. 46.- Oil Burner Operation Product of incomplete combustion? - ANSCarbon monoxide Is considered as the end product of incomplete combustion. In addition to being inefficient in the production of heat, the presence of carbon monoxide is highly dangerous. 47.- Oil Burner Operation What happens? If the proper amount of air has been thoroughly mixed with the oil, and the temperature of the flame is correct,.... - ANSThe free carbon burns completely. A correctly adjusted oil burner flame will have an: Orange-colored flame body with small red tips. The tips will be slightly cloudy. 48.- Oil Burner Operation Indication Lack of air? - ANSA red, smoky flame 49.- Oil Burner Operation

Indication Excess of air? - ANSA white, almost dazzling flame is an indication of a great amount of excess air. 50.- Oil Burner Operation An insufficient air supply? - ANSIs one cause of dense, black smoke and soot; an excessive air supply can put out the flame. 51.- Oil Burner Operation What happens when the oil spray entering a combustion chamber? - ANSIt burns in suspension. If any part of the spray mixture contacts the walls of a combustion chamber, it will cause a smoky fire. Over a period of time carbon deposits may build up in the combustion chamber and cause a burner failure. 52.- Oil Burner Operation The Insulated firebrick? - ANSMakes up the walls of a combustion chamber. Insulated firebrick is lightweight firebrick that becomes cherry red 15 seconds after the burner starts. 53.- Oil Burner Operation

The refractory material in a combustion chamber? - ANSShould be closed to the flame and the oil should be burned by the reflected heat. Reflected heat, which increases combustion efficiency, is heat that is reflected back into the combustion chamber and maintains the fire after the ignition is turned off. 54.- Oil Burner Operation The Diesel generators ......? - ANS1.- Operate differently. They have an internal combustion engine. Air is compressed by a piston and diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder. The mixture ignites and turns the engine. Insufficient compression air or a clogged ignition nozzle will result in improper combustion. The output will be black smoke and excessive vibration of the engine. Diesel generators should be tested at minimum monthly 55.- Oil Burner Operation The Generators....... - ANS2.- *........ are used as an emergency power supply if the grid fails. They range from 1k VA - 10k VA for small portable diesel generators and 8kVA - 2000k VA for large office complexes, factories and power stations. Diesel generators also provide back up power to utility grids. Power failures are particularly critical for hospitals and large offices. Computer service centers have emergency power generators which are typically powered by diesel fuel and configured to start automatically, as soon as a power failure occurs. Power generators are selected based on the load they are intended to supply. Ideally

diesel engines should run at least around 60-75% of their maximum rated load, and at around 75% of their maximum speed, and* "MUST BE TEST RUN EVERY MONTH TO AVOID DAMAGE" under certain conditions that occur when an engine is left idling as a 'standby' generating unit ready to run up when needed. 56.- Oil Burner Operation The Low Voltage Battery for Generator - ANS 57.- Oil Burner Operation Fuel-oil several grades? - ANS#1 fuel-oil, to diesel oil or #2 fuel-oil; to the heavier #4, #5, and #6 fuel-oils. Strainers and or filter are required in the oil line to separate dirt and sediment. The grade of fuel-oil used in a burner shall be that for which the burner is approved and as stipulated by the burner manufacturer. Oil containing gasoline shall not be used. Waste crankcase oil shall not be used, except when such waste oil is mixed with #6 fuel-oil in bulk or waste oil recovery plants. 58.- Oil Burner Operation The resultant mixture meets the minimum specifications for #6 fuel-oil set forth in the NYC Building Code..., - ANSand the use of such waste oil complies with all

laws, rules and regulations relating to smoke and other emissions and is approved by: NYC Department of Environmental Protection NYC Department of Buildings and FDNY Is required before changing any grade of fuel-oil. 59.- Oil Burner Controls The Oil storage tank - ANS01.- The fuel-oil is stored in the oil storage tank. 60.- Oil Burner Controls The tank shut-off valve - ANS02.- ......... permits the operator to stop the flow of oil to clean the strainer and to perform other maintenance 61.- Oil Burner Controls The Oil filter/strainer - ANS03.- .......... separates dirt and sediment from the fuel-oil coming from the storage tank 62.- Oil Burner Controls

The Vacuum Gauge - ANS04.- ........ Is used to indicate to the operator whether there is an obstruction in the suction line (e.g., the oil filter/strainer is dirty and requires cleaning) 63.- Oil Burner Controls The Main fuel valve - ANS05.- "............ Is an electrically operated valve" that will open or close the line leading to the atomizer of the oil burner. An oil burner is activated by the primary control. The burner shut-off valve is located as close as possible to the burner to reduce the amount of oil remaining in the burner line after an emergency shutdown. 64.- Oil Burner Controls The Electric ignition - ANS06.- The mixture of fuel-oil and air is ignited at first by "ELECTRIC IGNITION". After ignition, combustion is maintained by retained heat in the combustion chamber. 65.- Oil Burner Controls The Detection Controls - ANS07.- A photoelectric cell is a flame "DETECTION CONTROL". *It is a device that will shut down an oil burner if a flame is not visible to the scanner or photoelectric cell. A dangerous condition will arise if oil is

pumped into the combustion chamber, but not burned. Atomized, un-burned fuel could cause an explosion if a spark or other source of ignition occurs.* 66.- Oil Burner Controls The Aquastat - ANS08.- An aquastat operates the oil burner in the summer for domestic hot water needs 67.- Oil Burner Controls The Low water cut-off...... - ANS09.- .......... Is an automatic electric control that will shut the burner off when the water level is below a safe operating point. A shortage of water in the steam boiler could lead to a dangerous condition. 68.- Oil Burner Controls The Gauge glass....... - ANS10.- .......... Is a device used to indicate the water level of a steam boiler. It is the most important control on the steam boiler. Gauge glass should have water visible when the boiler is in operation. 69.- Oil Burner Controls

The Main combustion controller. - ANS11. A primary relay control is the "main combustion controller". A primary relay control will shut down when no flame is detected. A spark could cause an explosion in the combustion chamber. 70.- Oil Burner Controls The Smoke alarm........ - ANS12. ....... Is a device mounted on the smoke stack or chimney only if the maximum fire rate is 20 gallons per hour or over. A smoke alarm will shut down an oil burner, and put on an alarm if there is excessive smoke or if the fire is improper. A dangerous condition would exist if all the oil was not being burned or properly atomized, or too much oil was admitted to the combustion chamber. If the condition is not corrected, an explosion may occur. The smoke alarm is also a required combustion and air pollution control. 71.- Oil Burner Controls The Steam pressure gauge...... - ANS13. ......... Shows the steam pressure inside the steam boiler. The pressure gauge reads in psi (pounds per square inch). It is located on or near the top of the steam boiler. Normal steam pressure for low pressure boilers does not exceed 15 psi. (If the indicated stream pressure is significantly greater than the normal pressure, the best action is to shut down the system and call 911 since this is a serious problem 72.- Oil Burner Controls

The Safety or pop-off valve........ - ANS14. ........ is a device used to relieve excessive steam pressure. It is located on or near the top of a steam boiler. 73.- Oil Burner Controls The Glazing - ANS15. ....... occurs because of low combustion temperatures and pressures in the engine cylinder. 74.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System A Defective oil cut-off valve.... - ANScan lead to after-drip. This is a very common condition. The oil drips into the combustion chamber when the burner is off. The excessive oil is absorbed by the combustion chamber floor and walls. This causes the burner to be unusually noisy when it starts up or shuts down. It will eventually lead to a carbon deposit build-up and to a less efficient operation of the burner. After-drip is also dangerous in that it may lead to fire on the floor in front of the heating unit. 75.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System A Leaking seal....... - ANS....... on an oil pump shaft bearing may also cause oil to leak on the floor in front of the heating unit. The leaked oil may lead to fire on the floor in front of the heating unit.

76.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System Dirty or damaged nozzles or Rotary Cups....* - ANScan cause improper atomization. This will eventually lead to a carbon deposit build-up in the combustion chamber. 77.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System Condition: Blockage in the chimney or flue passage........ - ANS........ will cause the cellar or boiler room to become filled with smoke. 78.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System Condition: Water in the fuel-oil/wrong grade of fuel-oil will cause....... - ANS* Improper atomization.* 79.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System The Protective Relay..... - ANSSupposed to shut down the oil burner if a flame is not established quickly. A delay in ignition is the most common cause for burner puffback. Puff-back can cause the boiler door to blow open and the smoke pipe to fall down. 80.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System

The most Dangerous Conditions........ - ANSthat may occur is when the oil burner becomes operational but the source of ignition fails. If proper ignition has not occurred the only indication of flame failure may be a strong odor of fuel-oil in the area. Vaporized oil looks like condensed steam; it is pure white but smells and tastes like fuel-oil. 81.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System The Burner should be shut off immediately - ANSWhen this condition is present the burner should be shut off immediately and the area should be completely vented. Any possible source of ignition should be eliminated, "NO" attempt should be made to light the burner until the system has been completely cleared of combustible mixtures. 82.- Effects of Improper Operation of an Oil Burner System The Preventive maintenance - ANS....... Should be done regularly to maintain reliability of the equipment and control devices. Regular preventive maintenance also reduces the need for repair. Cleanliness and good housekeeping practices will also contribute to the prevention of fire and explosion. 83.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage

Must be protected from physical damage? - ANSAll fuel-oil piping, equipment and appliances. Piping serving equipment at levels above the lowest floor must have adequate clearance from combustible construction, and be secured from any movement. 84.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Installation shall......? - ANS....... be readily accessible for cleaning hot surfaces; removing burners; replacing motors, controls, air filters, chimney connections, draft regulators, and other working parts; and for adjusting, cleaning and lubricating parts. The equipment must have the means of access for ordinary operation and maintenance. 85.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage Pump connected to piping w/ the pressure gauge & control valves - ANS 86.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Working clearances......... ? - ANS........ between oil-fired appliances and electrical panel boards and equipment shall be in accordance with the NYC Electrical Code. Clearances between oil-fired equipment and oil supply tanks shall be in accordance with the construction codes, including the NYC Building Code and the Mechanical Code.

87.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Interior of electrical panel - ANS 88.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Mechanical Code....... - ANS......... Requires that all fuel-oil piping and storage tanks be "hydrostatically" tested for tightness by the installing contractor before the work is closed-in and before the system is operated. 89.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Piping Test - ANS..... Shall be tested at 150% percent of the maximum working pressure applicable to that part of the piping system, but at a pressure less than the test pressure required for the storage tank. The hydrostatic pressure shall be maintained until all joints and connections have been visually inspected for leaks, but in no case for less than for half an hour. 90.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Record Kept....... * - ANSA record shall be kept of the pressure tests showing the name of the contractor and the pressures at which the piping and tank were tested.*

91.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Supply Piping - ANS....... Must connect to the top of the fuel-oil tank. Piping from a transfer pump to a day tank is required to be enclosed in a shaft of 4-inch thick concrete or masonry with a 4-inch clearance to the fuel pipe. The spaces between the fuel pipe and sleeve or shaft must lead to an open sight drain or an open sump so leaks can be detected. 92.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The NYC Construction Code - ANS....... Require that pipe shafts containing piping from transfer pumps to storage tanks above the lowest floors not be penetrated by or contain other piping or ducts. 93.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Day Tank Alarm Panel - ANS 94.- Fuel-Oil Piping & Storage The Non-portable fuel-fired appliances... - ANSNon-portable fuel-fired appliances, devices, equipment and systems shall be operated and maintained in accordance with the construction codes, including the Fuel Gas Code and the Mechanical Code.