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FF2 Final Exam Study Guide: IFSTA 2023/2024, Exams of Safety and Fire Engineering

This study guide covers key concepts and questions related to the ff2 final exam for the ifsta program. It provides a comprehensive overview of essential topics, including fire safety, apparatus safety, incident management, and personnel accountability. The guide includes multiple-choice questions and answers, helping students prepare for the exam.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/10/2024

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FF2 Final Exam Study Guide IFSTA 2023/

A(An) conceptallowsallresponderstouseasimilar,coordinatedapproachwitha common set of authorities, protections, and resources. - all hazard WhichdutyisaFireFighterIexpectedtoperform?-Forcingentryintoa structure Which statement describes the difference in the roles of a Fire Fighter I and a FireFighterII? - AFireFighterIworksunderthedirectsupervisionofaFireFighterIIorcompany officer. Whichtypeofspecializedfirecompany generallyhastheprimarydutyoftransportingpatients to a hospital? - Emergency medical company Whendoestheresponsetoanemergencybegin? - Assoonasthedepartmentisnotified of the emergency Whichgroupoffiredepartmentemployeesprovidesadministrativeandlogisticalsupport in areas such as finance, maintenance, and training? - Staff personnel Exposuretochemicalsandproductsofcombustionarelinkedto: - increasedoccurrences of illnesses and diseases. Whichsafetyguidelinewillhelp minimizeafirefighter'sexposuretoriskatastructuralfire scene? - Maintain communication with team members and Command Whatshouldbethefirstpriorityoffirefighterswhentherearedownedhigh-voltagepower lines? - Contact the electric company to shut off power A(An) ismeanttohelpreducefirefighterillnesses,injuries,anddeathsbyensuri ng that firefighters are healthy. - wellness program NFPA1500requiresallpersonnel operatinginanimmediatelydangeroustolifeandhealth (IDLH) atmosphere to: - be fully equipped with the appropriate PPE. Whenoperatingathighway/roadwayincidentscenes,apparatuslights: - canconfusemotorists and make the situation more hazardous. Whatmustafiredepartment'shealthandsafetyprogramaddress?-Allanticipatedhazards to which members might be exposed

Whichtypeofspecializedfirecompanygenerallyhastheprimarydutyofsearchingforvictims and removing them from areas of danger or entrapment? - Rescue company

Emergency scene lighting and portable rescue equipment are powered by apparatus- mountedgenerators,theapparatus'electricalsystem,or: - portableelectricgenerators. Whichorganizationoragencywouldassistthefiredepartmentwithincidentscenesecurity, crowd control, and explosives disposal? - Law enforcement Whatdoesitmeantopracticesituational awarenessonthefireground? - Beingobservant about hazards and changing conditions Why did the National Fallen Firefighters Association develop the 16 Firefighter LifeSafetyInitiativesin2004?- Providethefireservicewithablueprintformakingchanges Whatisthemainpurposeofafiredepartment memberassistanceprogram(MAP)? - Offereasilyaccessible,confidential assistancewithpersonal problemsthataffectjobperformance Whichstatementregardingapparatussafetyisaccurate? - Firefightersshouldalwaysmaintain three points of contact when mounting or dismounting apparatus. Inordertominimizedangerwhenridinginapparatus,firefightersshould alwayswear:-hearing protection. Whichtypeoffireofficerisdirectlyinchargeofmonitoringoperational safetyatfiresand other emergencies? - Fire department incident safety officer Firedepartmentlinepersonnel areresponsiblefor: - providingemergencyservicestothe public. WhatistheBESTwayforaFireFighterItopreventwork-relatedinjuries? - Maintainahigh level of personal physical fitness AccordingtoNFPA1001,whichdutyisaFireFighterIrequiredtobeabletoperform? - Prepare apparatus hose loads for response WhatdoesNFPA1500requiretobepartoffiredepartmenttrainingprograms? - Aprocess for evaluating firefighter skills and knowledge Whatistheoverall missionofthefireservice? - Savelivesandprotect propertyandtheenvironment Writtenregulationssuchasanorganization'spoliciesandproceduresclarifyexpectations and: - delegate authority. Whatarepersonnel accountabilitysystemsdesignedtodo? - Trackpersonnelinandout of the IDLH environment

Whichtypeofspecializedfirecompanyisassignedtoapumpingapparatusandperforms suppression duties at structure fires? - Engine company Allauxiliaryequipmentmustbe:-intrinsicallysafe. Whichstatementdescribesthestaffingandfunding ofvolunteerfiredepartments? - Notcontinuously staffed and may rely on fundraisers for funding Withregardtofacilitysafety,NFPA1500:-prohibitsall tobaccouseinthefacilities. Whichscenecontrol zonedirectlysurroundstheincidentsiteand shouldonlybeentered by personnel directly involved in disposing of the problem? - Hot zone Multiplefirecompanieswithinaresponseareawhoseday-to-dayfunctionsareoverseen by the operations division are called a(an): - battalion Which statement about maintaining personnel safety during training evolutions isaccurate?- Rowdyplayandotherunprofessional conductisnotallowedbecauseitisdistracting and can lead to accidents or injuries. Thedivisionoflabor refersto: - theprocessofdividinglargejobsintosmallerpiecestomake them more manageable. Mostfiredepartmentsareorganizedinaseriesoflevels,withtheintermediatelevelsmade up of personnel assigned by: - rank and duty. Whatistheleadingcauseoffirefighterfatalities?-Cardiovasculardisease In order to ensure the safety of personnel operating in hazardous areas, firedepartmentsshould:-providemembers withatleastonefullsetofprotectiveequipment. WhichdutywouldlikelybeperformedbyaFireFighterI? - Cleaningandinspectingground ladders Eachemployeereportingtojustonesupervisor,whointurnmovesupthechainofcommand, is an example of: - unity of command. A isaguidetodecisionmakingwithinanorganizationthataddressesissuessuch as working hours, emergency response guidelines, and chain of command. - policy Whichorganizationoragencyassiststhefiredepartmentbyshuttingoffnaturalgaslines, electricity, or public water mains? - Utility company

Whichtypeofemergencylightsaremountedonavehicleandareusuallydeployedbyraising, lowering, and rotating the telescoping polesto which they are affixed? - Fixedlights OnegoaloftheNationalFallenFirefightersAssociation16FirefighterLifeSafetyInitiatives is to: - empower all firefighters to stop unsafe practices. Atypeoffiredepartmental organizationalstructurewheredecisionsandinformationaredirected form the top and filtered down through intermediate levels to the base can bedescribed as: - scalar. HowdoesthelevelofresponsibilityofaFireFighterIdifferfromthatofaFireFighterII?

  • AFireFighterIIistrainedtocoordinateFireFighterIandFireFighterIIpersonnelwhile working under the supervision of a company officer. Whatisadetailedwrittenplanthatlistsspecificstepsforapproachingarecurringproblem or situation? - Procedure Whichstatementaboutatypicallystressful eventsisaccurate? - Officersshouldmonitortheir personnel following an atypically stressful event for signs of posttraumatic stressdisorder. WhichisanapparatusrequirementinNFPA1500? - Apparatusmustbedesignedtoinclude seat belts for all occupants. OnwhichNationalFireProtectionAssociation(NFPA)standardaretheprofessionalqualifica tions for Fire Fighter I based? - NFPA 1001 WhichdutywouldlikelybeassignedtoaFireFighterI? - Conductingsearchandrescueoperations as part of a team Whatmayresultinpoorlightingandpossibledamagetothelights,generator,orelectrical system? - Overtaxing a power source As part of a member assistance program, many fire departments offer tobaccocessationprogramsbecausetobaccocan: - causecancer,heartdisease,andCOPD. Whichfirefightingpersonnelaretrainedspecificallytoextinguishfiresinoutdoorvegetation?
  • Wildland firefighter Firefighters are at risk of contracting respiratory diseases such as lung cancer andCOPDbecauseofrepeatedexposureto: - smoke,dangerousgases,andchemicals. Whenestablishingscenecontrol zonesatanemergencyscene,firefightersshouldavoid tying rope or caution tape to: - vehicles

WhichactiondoesNFPA1500prohibitwhileridinginapparatusonthewaytoanincident? - Wearing helmets Manufacturedproductsaffectfirefighters'exposuretocontaminants,becausetheytendto burn at higher temperatures and these higher temperatures: - increase the skin'sability to absorb chemicals deposited on it. Whichorganizationoragencyassiststhefiredepartmentbyalertingthepublicoftrafficincidents or evacuations? - Media NFPA1500requiresthatemergencyoperationsbemanagedthrougha(an): - incidentmanagement system. Whichhighway/roadwayincidenthazardwouldrequirefirefightersinfullPPEtostandby with a charged hoseline? - Fuel spill Whatisamedicalorphysical requirementsetforthinNFPA1500? - Annual medicalexams to verify continued fitness Onewaythatfirefighterscanmaintainsituationalawarenessathighway/roadwayincidents is to: - walk facing oncoming traffic. Whatisanexampleofsituationalawarenessonthefireground? - NotifyingtheICthatthe fire has spread to another area of the building Whatisaguidelineformaintainingpersonal health? - CleanPPEaftereveryexposureto smoke. In the ,theaccountabilityofficerbasesexpectedexittimeontheteammemberwho has the lowest air-pressure reading. - SCBA tag system Thetypeofpersonnelaccountabilitysystemwhichprovidesthegreatestlevel ofsafety,but should only be used as a supplemental safety measure, is the: - computer- basedelectronic system. AFireFighterIwouldlikelybeassignedto: - setuplightingequipmenttoilluminateascene. Whatshouldfirefightersdofirstiftheyhavequestionsaboutdepartmentalregulations? - Ask their supervisor for clarification Inordertohelpminimizeexposuretoriskatastructural firescene,firefightersshould: - do a risk/benefit analysis for every action.

Why are personnel accountability systems vital to emergency incident operations? - TheyidentifywhichpersonnelareworkingatasceneandhelptheICdetermineifanyfirefighter s are trapped inside. Which action would directly promote the National Fallen Firefighters Association 16FirefighterLifeSafetyInitiatives?-Investigatinglineofdutydeathsandnearmissesinorder to revise departmental safety standards Whichmemberofthefirepreventiondivisionistaskedwithdeterminingtheoriginandcause of a fire? - Fire and arson investigator Whatisthemostcommonpowersourceusedbyemergencypersonnel topowerscenelighting and portable rescue equipment? - Generators Whichmemberofafiredepartment'strainingdivisionisinchargeofprovidingtrainingfor entry level personnel and staff members? - Instructor Bodysubstanceisolationmethodsareusedto: - protectfirefightersfrombeingexposedto communicable diseases. Inordertopreventorlimitchemicalexposuresatfires,firefightersshould: - washhandsand neck skin immediately after working a fire. Whichscenecontrol zoneimmediatelysurroundstheothertwozonesandprovidesanarea for staging personnel and portable equipment? - Cold zone Radiosusedinfixedlocations such asfire stations, telecommunications centers,trainingcenters,oradministrativeofficesarereferredtoas: - basestationradios. Whatinformationshouldbegatheredbyadispatcher? - Numberandlocationofpeopleinvolved Whichtypeofalarmconsistsofscrollingmessageboardsandpagers?-Electronic Atthestation,ifyoucannotansweracaller'squestion,referthemtosomeonewhocan,then: - follow up on the request. Toprovidebetterperformancethanotherradios,basestationshavereceiversthat are:

  • interferenceresistant. Whatinformationshouldbeincludedwhenbroadcastinginformationonemergenciestodepartm ent members? - Information from the caller and from preincident plans Oftenreferredtoasdispatchers,thepersonswhoaretrainedtoansweremergencycalls and obtain the correct information are: - telecommunicators

Whichisaradiocommunicationsbestpractice? - Donottransmituntilthefrequencyisclear Which category of telecommunications system is in a central location, takes allemergencycalls,andthenroutescallstoappropriatedispatchers? - PublicSafetyAnswering Point (PSAP) Onceanemergencyhasbeenreported,theinformationmustbe: - transmittedtotheresponding units or personnel. Toovercomephysical barrierstoradiocommunication,youmayneedtoturnyour body degrees or: - raise the antenna up straight. Whichisaguidelineforreceivingnonemergencycalls?-Answercallspromptly A central location that takes all emergency calls and routes the call to the fire,emergency medical,orlawenforcementdispatcherisa:-publicsafetyansweringpoint. FiredepartmentradiochannelsshouldNOTbeused:-tosendpersonalmessages. Thepowerofthetransmitterandreceiverandtheheightofthebroadcastandreceivingantennas determine the: - distance a radio signal will travel. Toimproveyourabilitytohearandbeheardatanemergencyincident: - placethemicrophone against your throat if you cannot be understood through your SCBAfacepiece. Whatfederal agencyregulatesallradiocommunicationin theUnitedStates?- FederalCommunications Commission (FCC) Whenansweringnonemergencytelephonecalls,remembertobeprofessionalandcourteou s because you are: - representing your department. Whichfederalagencyissuesradiolicensestofiredepartmentsthatoperateradioequipment?

  • Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Remoteareasorlocationsinsidestructuresthatcausethelossofcellulartelephoneservice or radio signals are known as: - dead zones. Staticandbrokenmessagesareanindicationthataradioreceiveris:- nearthelimitofthe transmission range. Thestraightlinetravel ofradiosignalsbetweenthetransmittingradioandthereceivingradio is referred to as communication. - direct

Individualswhoaretrainedto receive,process,anddispatchemergencycallsareknown as:

  • telecommunicators Whatcommunicationcenterequipmentisusedtoreceivecallsfromindividualswithhearing impairments? - Teletype Emergencycallstoatelecommunicationscentermustbehandledquicklyinorderto: - ensure the safety of the community. Whichmethodofalertingfiredepartmentmembersofanemergencyalertsthememberby tone, light, and/or vibration and can be sent to specific frequencies? - Pagers Everyoneatanemergency sceneshouldfollowtwobasiccommunicationrules:thesender should identify themselves in every transmission and the receiver should: - acknowledge the message. Onceanemergencyhasbeenreported,theinformationmustbe: - transmittedtoresponding units. Enhanced9- 1 - 1systemsprovidedispatcherswithinformationsuchasthecaller'slocation, phone number, and: - directions to the caller's location. UsingyourPPEtocreateawindbarrierwhentransmittingonaportableradioisameans to deal with: - ambient noise. Whichtermreferstoremoteareasorlocationsinsidestructuresthatcancauselossofcellular telephone service or radio signals? - Dead zones Modern 9- 1 - 1 system capabilities now include andsmartphoneapps.- textmessaging TheuseofplainEnglishinradiocommunicationstransmissionsandavoidanceof10-codes is known as using: - clear text. Allrecordedtransmissionsbecomepartoftheofficialrecordonanincidentandmaybemade public under open records laws or requests. - Freedom of Information Act(FOIA) Callsreceivedatfiredepartmentfacilitiesthatrangefromrequestsforassistancetoperson al calls from family or friends are known as calls. - nonemergency Whichchannelwouldbeassignedforfiregroundoperationsonly?-Tactical channel Experienceatemergencyincidentshasshownthat,inadditiontobackgroundnoise, cansignificantlyaffecttheabilitytohearandunderstandradiotransmissions. - personal protective equipment

Communicationsequipmentthatistobeusedinflammableatmospheresmustbe: - intrinsically safe. Whichtypeofcommunicationscenterequipmentwouldbeusedforcommunicationsatan emergency scene? - Two-way radio system Everyoneatanemergencysceneshouldfollowtwobasiccommunicationsrules,thefirstof whichis: - unitsorindividuals must identifythemselvesin every transmission. Whenreceivingacall fromsomeone whoisangryorupset: - bepleasantandtakenecessary information. Aseparatedispatchcenteroperatedbyafiredepartmentwouldbecategorizedasa(an): - Emergency Service Specific Telecommunications Center. A windowhasseparatepartsthatswinginwardoroutwardwhenopenedandisdesign ed to provide the full area of the window opening for ventilation. - pivoting Whengussetplatesareexposedtofire,they: - fall outafterthewoodburnsawayandno longer provide structural support. Withregardtofirefightingoperations,doorsare:- atoolforcontrollingflowpath. Firefightersworkingonflatroofsarelikelytoencounterobstaclesthatpenetratethroughthe roof, including: - skylights Whichtypeofbuildingconstructioniscommonlyencounteredinsingle-familyresidences and is known as wood frame construction? - Type V Whatisafirefighter MOSTlikelytoencounterinthespacebetweena ceilingandaroofwhen performing ventilation? - Insulation Roof modifications such as rooftop gardens or photovoltaicpanels should be identifiedduringpreincidentsurveysandinitial size-up:- sothatfirefighterswill beawareofthemin case the structure needs to be ventilated. Whattypeoftrussisconstructedofwoodormetal andisgenerallyusedtosupportflatroofs and floor assemblies? - Parallel chord truss Stairsareauniquechallengeforfirefightersbecausetheycan: - provideaflowpathforfire gases and smoke. Whatarefiredoorsdesignedtodo?- Blockthespreadoffirewithinastructure

Whichtypeofdoorthatrotatesinacircularframecanbedangerousduringafiresituation because it may prevent the movement of hose and equipment into thebuilding? - Revolving doors Whichtypeofdangerdostairspresenttofirefightersduringlow-visibilityconditions? - Fall hazard Whenanunprotected openingforpipesorwiringismadethroughafirewall,: - theprotection provided by the fire wall is reduced or eliminated. Which type of building construction may have interior walls and beams constructed ofwood,butrequiresthatexteriorwallsbemadeofnoncombustibleorlimitedcombustiblemateri als? - Type III Slidingdoorsareoftenusedas:-power-operatedstorefront entrances. Roofpenetrationssuchasskylightsandchimneys: - mayactasanexitpointforsometypes of ventilation. Whatdeterminesabuilding'sconstructiontype? - Constructionmaterialsandtheirfireresistance Whatarethethreemaincomponentsthatmakeuparoof? - Supportingstructure,roofdeck, roof covering TypeIVbuildingsareconstructedof:-large-dimensioned lumber. Whichtypeofbuildingconstructionprovidesthehighestlevel ofprotectionfromfireandstructural collapse? - Type I Whenabuildinghasnowindowsorhaswindowsthatcannotbeopened: - tacticalventilation may be more difficult. Whatistheprimaryfunctionofaroof? - Protectthestructureanditscontentsfromtheeffects of weather Firewallsaredesignedto:- preventthespreadoffirebetweenbuildingsoroccupancyclassifications. Whatarethethreemaintypesofroofsthatfirefightersarelikelytoencounter? - Flat,pitched, arched Howcansecuritybarsonwindowsnegativelyaffectfireandlifesafety? - Preventtrapped occupants from escaping

Arainroofisdescribedasa:- pitchedroofbuiltoveraflatroofforaestheticordrainagepurposes. Whichtypeoffactory- builthomeistheleastexpensive,andusuallyhaswheelsandapermanent steel undercarriage? - Mobile home Firesinbasementsarelikelytobecome morehazardousthanfiresinothercompartments because of: - limited ventilation. Whatarecoldroofsdesignedtodo? - Preventinteriorheatfromescapingtotheatticspace and melting snow on the roof Horizontal slidingfiredoors:-cannotbeusedtoprotectopeningsinwallsintherequired path of egress. Whichtypeofdoorconsistsofthinpiecesofwood,glass,orlouversplacedwithinaframed rectangular area? - Panel door Stairsthatarepartoftherequiredmeansofegressandarebuilttoresistthespreadoffire and smoke are known as: - protected stairs. Whichwindowcomponentconsistsofthemembersthatformtheperimeterofthewindow? - Frame Whichtypeofwindowhasoneortwoside-hingedsashesandusuallyopensoutward? - Casement window Howcanrevolvingdoorsimpactfirefightingoperations? - Preventmovementofhoseorequipment into the building WhichcharacteristicofTypeIVconstructionbuildingscancontributetotheintensityofafire once it starts? - High concentration of wood A windowconsistsofonlya frameandoneglazedstationarysash.-fixed TypeIVbuildingsareresistanttostructuralcollapsebecauseofthe: - massoftheheavy timber structural members. Whatisthepurposeofagussetplate?-Serveasaconnectionpointforwood trusses Whichtypeofwindowhastwosashesthatcanmovepasteachotherinavertical planeand is commonly used in residential occupancies? - Double-hung window Inordertomaintaintheintegrityofaprotectedstairwellduringafire,firefightersshould:

  • maintaindoorcontrol.

What is one construction requirement of newer factory built homes that has helped toreducefirelossandresidential fatalities? - Gypsumboardinsteadofwoodpanelingasan interior finish Roof-mounted equipment such as addasubstantialloadtotheroofandincreasethe probability of collapse. - HVAC units Theopenwebdesignoftrussjoints:-permitsrapidfirespreadinmultipledirections. Inordertoensurefirefightersafetyincaseofrapidegress,windowsecuritybars andgrilles: - must be removed or disabled when interior operations begin. Whathazarddofiredoorspotentiallyposetofirefighters? - Firedoorscanautomaticallyclose if the fusible link melts. Buildingcodesrequirethat: - glassdoorsaremadefromtemperedglass. Whichtypeofroofingmaterial developsitsdesignstrengthwhenitisplacedintoformsand then hardens at the building site? - Cast-in-place concrete TypeVconstructionbuildingsmayhaveaveneerofstucco,brick,orstonethat: - provides little fire protection. Which construction classification includes buildings with exterior load bearing wallscomposedentirelyofwoodandiscommonlyreferredtoaswoodframeconstruction? - Type V Whichroofstylecommonlyhasanelevated centeralongaridgelineandaroofdeckthat slopes down to the eaves? - Pitched roof Limitedmeansofegressandlimitedventilationaretworeasonsthatfiresaremoredanger ous in than in other compartments. - basements Underfireconditions, agreenroofcan: - acceleratestructuralfailureduetotheincreased dead load. Floors at ground level may consist of orafloorassemblymadeupofjoistsoveracrawl space. - a reinforced concrete slab Type constructioncanbeexpectedtoremainstructurallystablelongerthanothertypes during a fire. - I Whichtypeoffactory-builthomesareassembledon-sitefromcomponentsconstructedof foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood? - Panelized homes

Whatmethodiscommonly usedtoconstructmetal doors? - Hollowcorewithasteeloraluminum covering Whichtypeoffiredooriscommonlyusedinstairwellenclosures?-Swingingfiredoor Whatmaterialiscommonlyusedtoconstructfiredoors?- Metal Whichfeatureisoften addedtosolid-corewooddoorsandcanmakeforcingthedoormore difficult? - A sheet metal layer added to increase security InaTypeIIIconstructionbuilding,theinteriorwalls,columns,beams,floors,androofsare completely or partially constructed of: - wood Whenworkingonaroof,firefightersshouldbeawarethatroofopeningsorpenetrations:

  • maybedifficulttoaccessiftheyarelockedorsecured. Theportionoftheroofbetweenthesupportsandthecoveringiscalledthe:-roofdeck. Howarerollingsteelshuttersoftenused? - Protectopeningsinanindustrialfirewall Whattypeofmaterialisoftenappliedontopofroofdecking?- Asphalt shingles Withregardtolocalbuildingcodes,firefightersshouldbeawarethat: - anAHJcanamend model building codes to meet local needs. The presence of photovoltaic roofs must be identified during preincident planningbecausethey:- poseasignificanttripandelectricalhazardtofirefightersworkingontheroof. Onwhichtypeofroofarefirefighterslikelytobeatriskofbecomingtrappedinthevoidspace and falling through the original roof below? - Rain roof WhenrespondingtoafireinaTypeIconstructionbuilding,firefightersshouldbeawarethat: - the roof may be extremely difficult to penetrate. TypeIIconstructionbuildingsarecomposedof: - noncombustiblematerialsthatdonotadd to the fuel load. Whyareslidingdoorsnotallowedaspartofthemeansofegress? - Theyslowtravel ofpeople through the door opening. A(An) roofisoftenfoundonbuildingsthatrequirealargeopenareatobecovered without being supported by pillars or columns. - arched Howcanroofsecurityfeaturessuchaswiredglassimpactfirefightingoperations? - Increase the time required to create ventilation openings

Whichtypeofroofsupportsaresectionsoflumberthatarelocateddirectlyundertheroof decking? - Beams Howarefoldingdoorsoftenused?- Dividersinlargemeetingrooms Becauseunprotectedstairsarenotenclosedwithfire-ratedconstruction,they: - mayserve as a flow path for fire and smoke. The most common type of factory built home that firefighters will encounter is the home. - mobile Whichtypeofdoorisusuallyrequiredasanexitdoorina meansofegress?- Swingingdoor WhatconditionoftenfoundinTypeIIIconstructionbuildingsislikelytonegativelyinfluence fire behavior? - Void spaces between wall studs Whichsafetyhazardarefirefightersmostlikelytofindinthespacebetweentheceilingand the roof? - Electrical wiring Whichtypeofdoorisoftenusedasaloadingdockdoor?- Verticaldoor Whichtypeofwindowhasoneormoretop-hinged,outward-swingingsashesthatpermit the window to be opened during rain? - Awning window Whichwindowcomponentisalsoknownasglazing?- Glass Overheadrollingsteel firedoorsarecommonlyusedto: - protectfirewall openingsinindustrial occupancies. A fuel's isthetotal amountofthermal energyreleasedwhenaspecificamountofthat fuel burns. - heat of combustion HeatthatisradiatedtotheinsulatingairlayerbetweenPPEandyour body: - cancauseheat stress and failure of the PPE. Whichstatementaboutsmokeisaccurate? - Smokehasthepotential toburn. Howdoestheself-sustainedchemical reactioninfluencetheoxidationreactioninflaming combustion? - Increases the speed of the oxidation reaction Whichtypeofbuildingsaresubjecttorapidfirespreadbecausemanyoftheprotectivefeatures such as gypsumwallboardand automatic fire suppression systems are notinplace? - Buildings under construction

Whichisameasureofheatenergytransferrate?- Heatflux Whichtypeofphenomenonoccurswhenthefirerapidlytransitionsfromthegrowthstage to the fully developed stage? - Flashover Whichisanexampleofaself-sustainingchemicalreaction?-Flaming combustion Thetotalquantityofcombustiblecontentsofabuilding,space,orfireareaisreferredtoas the: - fuel load. Whichelementisincludedinthefiretetrahedronthatisnotpartofthefiretrianglemodel? - Chemical chain reaction Which statement about flowpaths and ventilation in a structure is accurate? - Whenfirefightersmakeentryintoabuilding,theyestablishnewflowpaths betweenthefirecompartment and exterior vents of the building. Thefourstagesoffiredevelopmentare:-incipient,growth,fullydeveloped,anddecay. Whichisanindicatorforpotentialbackdraft?-Pulsingsmoke movementaroundsmallopenings in the building Whatistheprimaryconsiderationaffectinghoweasilysolidfuelsignite? - Surface-to-mass ratio If thereareno openings forlateral movement during the growth stage of a fire, the hotgasesreleasedduringcombustionwill fill thecompartment:- startingattheceilingandfilling down. In order to burn,fuelmust be ina state.- gaseous Developmentofafireintheincipientstagedependslargelyuponthe: - characteristicsand configuration of the fuel involved. Slower fire development in large compartments is due to the and the increaseddistancethatradiatedheatmusttravelfromthefiretothecontentsthatmustbeheated .

  • greatervolumeofair To ensure that the decay stage of a ventilation-limited fire is the fire's final stage,firefighters must provide a controlled transition of a fire in the decay stage fromventilation-limitedtofuel-limited,by:- coolingthehotfiregasesbeforefurtherventilationoccurs. When a compartment fire is in ventilation-limited decay, cantriggerflashoverq uickly. - introduction of new oxygen

Whichtypeoffuelisdifficulttoextinguishusingwaterastheonlyextinguishingagent? - Liquids that are less dense (lighter) than water Heattransfersfromonebodytoanotherbythreemechanisms:conduction,radiation,and: - convection Whatisthelikelyresultifadditional airisallowedintoanalready-ventilatedcompartment fire?

  • Higher peak heat release rate Whichstageoffireoccurswhenall combustiblematerialsinthecompartmentareburning at their peak heat release rate based on the available oxygen? - Fullydeveloped WhatistheMOSTcommonsourceofheatincombustionreactions?-Chemicalenergy Theminimumtemperatureatwhichaliquidgivesoffsufficientvaporstoignite,butnotsustain combustion, is its: - flash point. Mostresidential firesthatdevelopbeyondtheincipientstatebecome: - ventilationlimited. Whatistheprimaryoxidizing agentinmostfires?-Oxygeninthe air Combustioncanoccurwithinarangeofconcentrationoffuel vaporandair;thisrangeisreferred to as the: - flammable (explosive) range. Therangeofconcentrationsoffuelvaporandairwithinwhichcombustioncanoccuristhe: - flammable (explosive) range. Whatoccursduringflashover? - Thevolumeofburninggasescanincreasetofill theroom's entire volume and extend out of any openings from the room. Whichheattransfermechanismisdependentonseveralfactorsincludingtheturbulence and velocity of moving gases? - Convection Whatmayoccurinanoxidationreactionwhentheheatgeneratedexceedstheheatbeing lost? - Spontaneous ignition During the stageoffiredevelopment,thethreeelementsofthefiretrianglecometogeth er and the combustion process begins. - incipient A fire is said to be in the stagewhenitrunsoutofeitheravailablefueloravail able oxygen. - decay Acollapsedstorageshedthatisfullyinvolvedinflameswouldbeanexampleofa: - fully- developed fuel-limited fire.

Whichstatementaboutenergyandcombustionisaccurate? - Afuel'spotential energyreleases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy. Inthefireenvironment,convectionusuallyinvolvesthetransferofheatthrough: - themovement of hot smoke and fire gases. Whatwill establishnewflowpathsbetweenthefirecompartmentandexteriorventsofthe building? - Firefighters advancing a hoseline through an open door or ventilatingwindows to make entry into a building Afuel'schemicalcontentinfluencesitsheatreleaserateandits:-heatofcombustion. Fires develop through four stages: incipient, growth, ,anddecay. - fully- developed Whymustfirefightersusetacticsthatcontrol theoxygenavailabletothefirewhentheyadvance a hoseline through a door or ventilate windows? - To prevent unwanted firespread Whatconstructionfeaturestendtocontainfiresforalongerperiodoftime,thuscreatingfuel-rich, ventilation-limited environments? - Energy-efficient designs Theminimumtemperatureatwhichafuelintheairmustbeheatedinordertostartself-sustained combustion is known as the: - autoignition temperature (AIT). Whatfactorhelpsdeterminetheflowpath inastructurefire? - Thefloor planandopenings within the structure Anextinguishingagent,suchasdrychemicalorHalon-replacementagent,terminatesthe combustion reaction by: - interfering with the chemical chain reaction. Sawdustignitesmoreeasilythanalogbecausethesawdusthasahigher: - surface-to-mass ratio. Whatoccurswhenamixtureofunburnedfuelgasesandoxygencomeincontactwithan ignition source? - Smoke explosion Gaseousfuelscanbethemostdangerousofall fueltypesbecausethey: - arealreadyin the physical state required for ignition. WheremightfirefightersbeMOSTlikelytoencounterinoperativestandpipesandsprinkler systems? - Buildings under demolition Whatwillaliquidwith aspecificgravityoflessthanonedowhencombinedwith water?

  • Float

Whichstatementdescribesafireintheincipientstage? - Thetemperatureisonlyslightly above ambient in areas that the fire, plume, and ceiling jet directly affect. What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat sourcewithsufficientheatorthermal energytostartthecombustionreaction? - Pilotedignition The stageoffiredevelopmentoccurswhentheheatreleaserateofthefirehasreache d its peak. - fully-developed Inacompartmentfire,smokeflashoverindicatorsincluderapidlyincreasingvolume,turbulen ce, optical density, and: - darkening color. Whatisoftenthemostreadilyavailablefuel sourceandsignificantlyinfluencesfiredevelopment in a compartment fire? - Contents within the structure Firesinvolveaheatproducingchemicalreactionbetweenfuel and:-an oxidizer. Theflowpath ofastructurefireiscomprisedoftworegions:theambientairflowinandthe: - hot exhaust flow out. Theuseofengineeredorlightweightconstructionandtrussed supportsystemsposeadanger to firefighters because engineered trusses: - can fail after 5 to 10 minutes ofexposure to fire. Mostbuildingcodesrateconstructiontypesaccordingto: - howlongeachconstructiontype maintains its structural integrity over a certain period of time. Inmostcompartmentfires,theenergyreleaseinfireisdirectlyproportional tothe: - amount of oxygen available for combustion. Whatisthecauseofmostfiredeaths? - Exposuretotoxicgasesfoundinsmokeand/orlack of oxygen Observedfromtheexterior,ahighneutral planemayindicatethatthefireisintheearlystages of development, or could indicate: - a fire above your level. Hydrogencyanide(HCN)isaproductofcombustionthat: - targetsthebrainafter beinginhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body. Inadditiontostructural members,whatcanbeasignificantfactorinfluencingfirespreadand loss of lives in fires? - Combustible interior finishes and furnishings Whichproductofcombustionactsasachemical asphyxiantbyexcludingoxygenfromthe blood, leading to hypoxia of the brain and tissues? - Carbon monoxide (CO)

Inacompartmentfire,theinterfacebetweenthehotgaslayersandcoolerlayerofairiscommonly referred to as the: - neutral plane. Whatwill occuriffirefightersbeginanattackonaventilation- limitedstructurefirewithventilationalone? - Thefire'sheatreleaserateandspreadwill progressivelyincreaseas additional vents are made. Materials that burn at normal oxygen levels will burn more intensely in atmospheres. - oxygen-enriched Whenastructural membersuchasawindow,roof,ordoorwayfails,introducinganewsource of oxygen to a fire, ventilation has occurred. - unplanned Whichmeasurementis oftenusedtomeasurehowlongPPEwill protectafirefighterinan interior fire environment? - Heat flux to the PPE Whatmayoccurifwaterisaddedtoaburningliquidthatislessdensethanwater? - The water may disperse the burning liquid instead of extinguishing it. Whichtypeofelectricalheatingoccurswhenthecurrentflowingthroughaconductorexceeds its design limits? - Overcurrent or overload Whichstatementaboutthedangersofproductsofcombustionisaccurate? - Lowoxygen concentrations alone can result in hypoxia or death. Whenasubstancechangesfromonetypeofmatterintoanother,suchastwoormoresubstance s combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a: - chemicalreaction. Whatcausesflamingcombustiontooccur?-Agaseousfuel mixeswithanadequateamount of oxygen and heats to ignition temperature. Whatprovidesthebestindicatorsofstructuralintegrity? - Informationgatheredatthescene WhichstatementBESTdescribesafireinalargecompartmentora compartment withahigh ceiling? - In structures with high ceilings, a large volume of hot smoke and firegases can accumulate at the ceiling level, while conditions at floor level remainrelatively unchanged. Bywhich mechanismofheattransferdoesheattravelinastraightlineatthespeedoflight, allowing heat to travel through vacuums and air spaces? - Radiation Whatisthemeasurementoftheaveragekineticenergyintheparticlesofasampleofmatter? - Temperature

Acompartmentisany:- openspacewithnocompletefirebarrierdividingit. Whichactionwill transitionacompartmentfireinamodernstructurefromventilation-limited to fuel-limited? - Extinguishing some of the fuel WhichstatementdescribesthefactorthatMOSTinfluencescompartmentfiredevelopment?

  • Whether the fire is fuel-limited or ventilation-limited Whatoccurswhena gasiscompressed?- Heatisgenerated Usingextinguishingagentsotherthanwaterandfoamtointerruptthecombustionreaction is referred to as: - chemical flame inhibition. Whatisthemosteffectivemeansofestablishingawarenessofhazardsincommercial,industri al, and storage facilities with large fuel loads? - Performing and updatingpreincident surveys When solid fuels are heated, they begin to andreleasefuelgasesandvapors. - pyrolize Whichelementofthefiretetrahedronisincludedtoexplainflaming(gas-phase)combustion?
  • Chemical chain reaction Which statement about ventilation and wind considerations is MOST accurate? - Windcanincreasethepressureinsidethestructure,drivingsmokeandflamesintounburnedpor tions of the structure and onto advancing firefighters. Inaventilation-limitedcompartmentfirethathasalargevolumeofflammablegases,opening a door or window could result in: - backdraft Thetransferofheatthroughandbetweensolidsisknownas:- conduction Firespreadingfromawall toanearbycouchduetoradiantheattransferisanexampleof: - heat reflectivity. Howdoesacompartmentfireaffectpressureinandaroundgasesinthe compartment?
  • Heatfromafireincreasesthepressureofthesurroundinggases. Firefightersworkingintheexhaustportionoftheflowpathwill: - feel theincreaseintemperature as the velocity and/or turbulence increases. Whichmeansofinfluencingfiredynamicsistypicallyatacticinwildlandfiresorliquidand gas fires? - Fuel removal WhenrefillinganSCBAcylinder,firefightersmust: - ensurethatthecylinderiscompletely full, but not overpressurized.

WhichSCBAcomponentcontrolsairflowfromthecylinderwhentheregulatorfails? - Bypass valve WhichSCBAcomponentincludesaspeakingdiaphragmthatallowsfirefighterstocommunic ate with teammates? - Facepiece assembly WhatisasafetyconsiderationforPPE?-NeverwearPPEthatdoesnotfit. WhichpieceofPPEshouldbewornduringstructural firefightingoperations? - Protective hood HowcanfirefightersovercomelimitationscausedbySCBAweightanddecreasedmobility? - Train with the units they will use on the fireground U.S.DepartmentofTransportation(DOT)regulationsrequirethatallpersonnelatroadway incidents wear: - high-visibility vests. WhichSCBAlimitationwouldafirefighterbeabletoovercomethroughphysicalfitnessand regular medical evaluations? - Insufficient lung capacity WhatshouldafirefighterdoifanSCBAinspectionrevealsthatrepairsarenecessary? - Immediately report the needed repairs to the appropriate person PriortodonningSCBA,firefightersshould: - checktheaircylindergaugetomakesurethe cylinder is full. ImproperlycleanedormaintainedPPE:- cancauseillnessorinjury. WhichisasafetyconsiderationrelatedtoPPE? - Alwayswearprotectiveclothingthatfits properly. WhoisusuallyinchargeofperformingannualSCBAinspectionandmaintenance? - Factory-qualified technician Whichcomponentoftheprotectivecoatisdesignedtomakefirefightersmorevisibleatnight or in low light conditions? - Retroreflective trim Whichemergencyexitindicatorwouldsignaltheneedtoimmediatelyexitthehazardous area? - Activation of the SCBA low-pressure air alarm AfirefightershouldneveralterPPEbecauseitmayvoidthemanufacturer'swarrantyand: - endanger his or her life. Whatisafunctionofstationandworkuniforms? - Identifywearerasamemberofthefire department

Situationsoreventsthatsignaltheneedforexitarecalled:-exitindicators. WhichSCBAcomponentattachestotheSCBAfacepieceand directlycontrolsairflowtothe wearer? - Regulator WhichpieceofPPEcanprovideasecondarylayerofeyeprotectioninadditiontoanSCBA facepiece? - Helmet faceshield AfterdoffingSCBA,alwaysrememberto:- cleananddisinfectthefacepiece. IfstoringSCBAinseatmounts,besureto: - arrangetheSCBAsoitcanbedonnedwithout removing your seat belt. DonningSCBAfromaseat mountshouldonlybedoneif: - itcanbeaccomplishedwithout removing the apparatus seat belt. WhileusingSCBA, alwaysrememberto:- frequentlychecktheairsupplystatus. Whichpieceofrespiratoryequipmentprovidesinsufficientprotectionagainstairbornepathoge ns? - Surgical masks How can firefighters protect themselves against health hazards caused by inhalingsmokeandotherproductsofcombustion?- Wearingrespiratoryprotectionequipment WhenexchanginganemptySCBAaircylinderforafullcylinder,rememberto: - keepempty cylinders separate from full cylinders. Whatshouldbedoneifanarticleof protectiveclothingisdamagedbeyondrepair? - Itshould be removed from service and destroyed. Protectivetrousersdesignedforfirefightingare: - constructedfromthesamefabric,moisture barrier, and thermal layering used in protective coats. Accordingtothebuddysystem, - firefightersmust workinteamsofatleasttwomembers in all hazardous situations. WhichSCBAcomponentallowstheaircylindertobetransfilledfromanothercylinderintheevento fanemergency?- Rapidinterventioncrewuniversalaircoupling(RICUAC) WhichstatementaboutinspectingPPEisaccurate? - PPEmustbeinspectedatthestart of every shift and after every use. If the pressurereading onthe remote pressure gaugedoes not match the reading ontheregulatorgauge,whichreadingshouldbeassumedcorrect? - Thelowestnumberreading

Whatisaneffectivewaytoprotectyourselffromthehealthhazardscausedbyinhalingsmoke and other products of combustion? - Wear respiratory protection Inordertoavoidcontactburnsandheatstressafterleavingaheatedenvironment,firefighters should: - follow rehabilitation protocols and allow clothing to cool. Side-orrear-mountedSCBA: - aremountedontheexterioroftheapparatus. Howdocontrolledbreathingtechniquesbenefitfirefighters? - Slowsbreathingandextends the time it takes to deplete air in the SCBA cylinder Whataremobilefill stationsdesignedtodo? - Refill aircylindersduringemergencyincidents Duringstructural firefightingoperations, primaryeyeprotectionisprovidedby:-theSCBA facepiece. Whichsituationwouldbeclassifiedasanemergencyexitindicatorthatwouldsignal theneed to leave the hazardous or contaminated area immediately? - SCBA failure WhichpieceofPPEisdonnedunderthehelmetandisdesignedtoprotecttheneck,ears, and face from exposure to heat, embers, and debris? - Protective hood In a situation such asa confined spacerescue where a teammember must work alone,thesecondteammembershould:-remainoutsidetheareaandmonitorthesearchline. WhatshouldbedoneafterdoffingSCBA?-Closethecylinder valve. Whichtypeofbreathingairsourcewouldbefoundinsideahigh-risebuilding? - Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment System Hazardous materialsincidentscaninvolvepotentiallydangerousnonfiregasesandvapors,sofirefigh tersmust: - wearSCBAuntilairmonitoringdemonstratesthattheatmosphere is safe. Whatisageneral safetyprecautiontotakewhenrefillinganSCBAcylinder? - Checkthe hydrostatic test date of the cylinder. Adaily/weeklyinspectionofSCBAshouldinclude: - acheckoftheregulatorandfacepiece. In order to avoid contaminating living quarters, shouldNOTbewornduringe mergency operations. - station footwear

FactorsthatfirefightershavethemostcontroloverthataffectthesuccessofSCBAuseinclude physical condition, agility, and: - lung capacity. What should you do if you experience symptoms of oxygen deficiency such as light- headednessorlossofcoordination? - Reportsymptomsandimmediatelyevacuatethearea WhichSCBAcomponentincludesacontrol valveandahigh-pressurehoseattachedtoone end? - Air cylinder Theend-of-service-timeindicator(EOSTI):- usesanaudiblealarmandflashinglightorvibration to warn the wearer that the air supply is almost depleted. Whichstatementregardingtheuseoffirefightinghelmetsisaccurate? - Earflapsmustbe folded down, even if wearing a protective hood. Whatisageneral guidelinefordonninganSCBAfacepiece? - Centertheharnessatthe rear of the head. Whichstatementdescribesthefunctionofanauto-cascadesystem? - Completelyautomated fill station that fills air cylinders to a programmable pressure AllPPEdesignedforstructural firefightingmustmeettherequirementsof: - NFPA1971. Whichsituationwouldlikelyhaveanoxygen- deficientatmosphereinwhichrespiratoryprotection would be necessary? - Rescue in a sewer WhichstatementaboutreplacingSCBAcylindersisMOSTaccurate? - ChangingoutSCBA cylinders can be accomplished by either one or two people. TheSCBAbackplateandharnessassembly:-isusedtoholdthebreathingaircylinder. SCBA can help protect from ,whichcanbecausedbyinhalingheatedgases.- asphyxiation Whichtypeofcleaningcanbedoneatanincidentscenebybrushingoffloosedebrisand rinsing the PPE? - Routine cleaning Whatistheprimarytypeofrespiratoryprotectionusedinthefireservice? - Atmosphere-supplying respirator (ASR) InordertostayassafeaspossiblewhilewearingSCBA,itisimportantto: - keepSCBAon and activated until you leave the IDLH area.