Terminology and Themes in Young Adult Literature: A Glossary, Quizzes of Literature

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deontological

ethics philosophy; the normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to a rule or rules; in other words, upholding laws / codes / rulesex. the choice of the father in Hush to testify TERM 2

consequentialist

DEFINITION 2 "What produces the best outcome?"the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness of that conduct;thetheorythathumanactionsderivetheirmoralworthsolelyf the outcome of witness protection in Hush TERM 3

dilemma

DEFINITION 3 the impossible choice between two simultaneously required, but manually incompatible right actions (or wrong actions since choosing one will leave the other undone); a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is practically acceptableex. the father in Hush TERM 4

aesthetic & Black

Aesthetic

DEFINITION 4 pertaining to a sense of beautiful, or pertaining to,involving,orconcernedwithpureemotionandsensationasopposed cultural connection from blacks to blacks; white people are incapable of understanding or seeing such an aesthetic TERM 5

pre-Columbian / encounter narrative

DEFINITION 5 story of the Americas before Columbus exploration, which are typically labeled as "Encounter Narratives," which is a trend of perspective from indigenous people meeting white or Europeans for the first time, has some premise based on a picture book called Encounter

hybrid text

it's not a picture book, nor a graphic novel, but involves a considerable number of panel illustrations mixed with a full length novel, typically a coming of age novel; a mixture between pictures and writing, like Absolute True Diarythe benefits of choosing a hybrid style text: visual appeal, fast read (feel like working through something), keeps interest TERM 7

self-deprecated humor

DEFINITION 7 the act of belittling or undervaluing of oneself; it works for a person as a mechanism to defend or shield themselves; a sense of "if you say it first and say it best, they'll laugh along with you, instead of at you" ; often a humor of exaggerationex. Arnold examples self-deprecating humor often in Absolute True Diary TERM 8

issei / nissei

DEFINITION 8 a term for any Japanese who immigrated to the U.S., South America, Australia, or Canada, of the first generation; originates from the Japanese word for the number "one," "ichi"the term used to specify children born to Japanese parents who immigrated to the new country-- U.S., South America, Australia, or Canada, or the second generation; originates from the Japanese word for the number "two," "ni" TERM 9

Printz Award

DEFINITION 9 an annual award given by the YALSA (Young Adult Library Services Assocation, a division of the ALA) for a book that exemplifies literary excellence in young adult literature; it was named after a school librarian from Kansas who was a long-time active member of the YALSA; was the first of the 21st century awardsAmerican Born Chinese was 2007 winner TERM 10

polyphony

DEFINITION 10 literally meaning "many" "voices" or plurality of voices; a feature of narrative which includes a diversity of viewpoints and voices

canon

those texts deemed worthy of recognition to study, in other words the "classics,";those books that all educated people have supposedly read, or are advised to read, make up the "canon";an example would be the pieces that are selected to be in the Norton Anthologies such as Huckleberry Finn TERM 12

manitou

DEFINITION 12 the term used to designate spirit beings among many Algonquian groups of Native Americans;refers to the concept of one aspect of the interconnection and balance of nature/life, and is contactable just like a person, everything has its own: people, plant, animal, stone, even machines;vocabulary from The Birchbark House TERM 13

Nokomis

DEFINITION 13 translates to the word "my grandmother" (to have a more personal point of view) of Nanabozho's in Ojibwe traditional stories; it is not the name of a person, but more so a title, where almost everyone's female elders in the tribes are called "Nokomis" as a notification of grandparent statusex. Omakaya's grandma in The Birchbark House is Nokomis TERM 14

nanabohzo

DEFINITION 14 a spirit prominent in the in Anishinaabe mythology storytelling among the Ojibwa tribe, including the story of the world's creation, sent as a teacher to the Ojibwe; is the Ojibwa tribe trickster figure (often appearing in the shape of a rabbit) and culture hero TERM 15

chimookoman

DEFINITION 15 from the language of the Ojibwe, exampled in The Birchbark House, meaning "big knife" or "the white man"; different variations of the word has different meanings:Chimookomaanikwe is "white woman," chimookomaan is "white man,"Chimookomaaneg is "white people."

scatalogical

"dirty" literature; categorized by behavior or language that is characterized by obscenity or indecency: i.e. - "dirty words," "a dirty old man," "dirty books and movies," "boys telling dirty jokes," "has a dirty mouth;" exampled in Absolute True Diary TERM 17

APALA award

DEFINITION 17 Asian Pacific American Literature Association award to honor and recognize individual work about Asian/Pacific Americans and their heritage (history and culture), based on literary and artistic merit and include all categories: fiction/non-fiction for adults, picture / illustrated books, and children's / young adult literature TERM 18

manzanar / Ansel Adams

DEFINITION 18 the site of one of ten camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were imprisoned during World War II at the foot of the Sierra Nevada in California, eventually designated as a national historic site; beforehand the land belonged to Native Americans; Ansel Adams, a photographer, was distressed by the Japanese American Internment that occurred during the War and visited the location at Manzanar, creating a photo essay which was both a museum exhibit and published on its own TERM 19

gaze theory

DEFINITION 19 called The Gaze, or sometimes "the look" is a psychoanalytical term brought to usage by Jaques Lacan to describe the anxious state that comes with awareness that one can be viewed, bound with the theory of mirror stage (where a child encounters a mirror and realizes he or she has an external appearance); thesense that the object of our eye's look or glance is somehow looking back at us of its own will