FINAL EXAM: NURS 246, 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS, Exams of Advanced Education

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FINAL EXAM: NURS 246, 2025/2026 WITH

CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS

importance of sleep - CORRECT ANSWERS- growth, nervous system, survival well-being circadian rhythm - CORRECT ANSWERS- the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle NREM: Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWERS- light sleep lasts about 5 min, "resting eyes" NREM: Stage 2 - CORRECT ANSWERS- period of light sleep with muscles partially contracting mixed with periods of muscle relaxation, eye movement stops, heart rate slows down and body temp decreases, brain waves become slower, body prepares to enter deep sleep NREM stage 3 - CORRECT ANSWERS- deepest sleep, slow brain waves, hard to arouse, restorative

REM-dreaming stage - CORRECT ANSWERS- brain activity increases, occurs 90 min after going to sleep, skeletal muscles atonic, HR and RR irregular, inc. BP, difficult to arouse sleep study evaluates - CORRECT ANSWERS- heart, lung, and brain activity, breathing patterns, arm and leg movements, blood oxygen levels during sleep (sleep lab, polysomnography, CPAP) insomnia - CORRECT ANSWERS- recurring problems in falling or staying asleep narcolepsy - CORRECT ANSWERS- A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. restless leg syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS- sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs sleep nursing diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWERS- sleep deprivation, impaired sleep, fatigue

complicated stages of grief - CORRECT ANSWERS- denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance, meaning symptoms of grief - CORRECT ANSWERS- physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral spiritual work of the dying process - CORRECT ANSWERS- remembering, reassessing, reconciling, reuniting at risk for impaired skin integrity - CORRECT ANSWERS- •Immobilization •Reduced Sensation •Nutrition & Hydration Alteration •Secretion & Excretions on Skin •Vascular Insufficiency •External Devices •Altered Cognition

enteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS- alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow the instillation of the appropriate formula parenteral nutrition - CORRECT ANSWERS- giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein 1 oz = ___ mL - CORRECT ANSWERS- 30 2 TBSP = 30 mL = ____ oz - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1 1 cup - CORRECT ANSWERS- 8 oz minimal urinary output - CORRECT ANSWERS- .5 mL/kg body weight/hr statutory law - CORRECT ANSWERS- The body of law enacted by legislative bodies (as opposed to constitutional law, administrative law, or case law). nurse practice acts

professional negligence- four elements the plaintiff must prove: - CORRECT ANSWERS- nurse owed duty to injured pt. nurse failed duty pt suffered harm/damages nurses breach of duty caused injuries common forms of nursing malpractice - CORRECT ANSWERS- failure to note change in pt condition, misuse of medical device, failure to get informed pt consent, documentation error, failure to promptly carry out doctor orders, failure to assess and document patient condition or complaint, failure to notify doctor of a patient's condition, failure to evaluate and respond to a patients needs, med error professional conduct liability - CORRECT ANSWERS- high degrees of patient vulnerability and prolonged patient contact -engaging in excessive self-disclosure of personal info -keeping secrets with patient -spending excessive amounts of time with 1 patient -acting as if a patient is a close personal friend -failing to protect the patient from inappropriate sexual involvement with nurse

documentation liability - CORRECT ANSWERS- nurses must document pt information in electronic format, becomes legal record of patient care provided nursing student legal responsibilities - CORRECT ANSWERS- cant witness legal documents, cant administer blood, can be held liable for actions, HIPAA - CORRECT ANSWERS- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996-protects privacy, confidentiality, and security of medical information benefits of exercise and mobility - CORRECT ANSWERS- circulatory (prevent atherosclerosis), respiratory (prevent pneumonia), bone (inc. osteoblast activity), intestinal (gastric motility), urinary, psychological health prolonged bedrest and inactivity - CORRECT ANSWERS- msk, nervous system, cardiopulmonary, nutrition, elimination, skin, psychosocial BMAT - CORRECT ANSWERS- sit and shake, stretch and point, stand, walk

factors that influence patient safety in adult population - CORRECT ANSWERS- stress, substance abuse, prescriptions, alcohol, tobaco, e- cigg, sex, stds, workplace hazards concerns that occur in healthcare settings - CORRECT ANSWERS- falls, med administration, HAIs, procedural errors, chemical, radiation, fire safety/electrical hazards, restraints and seclusion, chemical and radiation safety, electrical safety restraint use - CORRECT ANSWERS- Restraints are used ONLY as a LAST RESORT to protect persons from harming themselves or others: DO NOT use for discipline or convenience -new order needed every 24 hr -quick release knots -assess skin, ROM, circulation, ADLs, oral intake often documentation of restraints - CORRECT ANSWERS- date and time of application all restraint EMR assessments patient response

restraint alternatives - CORRECT ANSWERS- relocation, pressure sensitive beds, family members, minimize stimuli, provide distraction, cover IVs psychological safety nursing - CORRECT ANSWERS- perception and confidence that all members of a team will be valued for their contributions, without ridicule or embarrassment horizontal violence - CORRECT ANSWERS- anger and aggressive behavior between nurses or nurse-to-nurse hostility active ROM - CORRECT ANSWERS- Is movement initiated and completed by the pt without assistance. passive ROM - CORRECT ANSWERS- Range of Motion in which the resident is unable to assist with movement active assist ROM - CORRECT ANSWERS- patient actively moves the joint, but receives assistance to complete the entire ROM nervous system consequences with immobility - - CORRECT ANSWERS- brain doesn't receive information from vestibular organs, eyes, or stretch receptors as normal, thus altering proprioception

respiratory bed rest consequences - CORRECT ANSWERS- atelectasis, hypostatic pneumonia, activity intolerance urinary bed rest consequences - CORRECT ANSWERS- renal stasis, renal calculi GI bed rest consequences - CORRECT ANSWERS- hypomotility -constipation -impaction psychological consequences bed rest - CORRECT ANSWERS- sensory deprivation, altered sleep patterns fowlers position - CORRECT ANSWERS- useful to prevent feeding aspiration but not good for extended periods due to pressure on sacrum and heels semi fowlers position - CORRECT ANSWERS- keep neck alignment, support arms with pillows, elevate heels

side lying position - CORRECT ANSWERS- helps prevent decubitus ulcers sims position - CORRECT ANSWERS- lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back useful in drainage of oral secretions to maintain airway prone position - CORRECT ANSWERS- lying face down used for patients with spinal surgery and respiratory illness supine position - CORRECT ANSWERS- most susceptible for pressure ulcers on coccyx and sacrum trendelenburg position - CORRECT ANSWERS- lying on back with body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet used to aide in moving bariatric patients up in the bed used for shock, postural drainage

Harriet Tubman contributions - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1st African American nurse Mary Mahoney contributions - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1st professional trained African American nurse Isabella Hampton Robb contributions - CORRECT ANSWERS- 1st dean for the school of nursing at John Hopkins Virginia Henderson contributions - CORRECT ANSWERS- created the nursing theory certified nurse midwife - CORRECT ANSWERS- nurse who has special training in delivering babies during low-risk pregnancies certified nurse practitioner - CORRECT ANSWERS- registered nurse who has advanced education and training in a particular area clinical nurse specialist - CORRECT ANSWERS- Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Administers anesthesia and provides care during procedures under the supervision of an anesthesiologist nurse educator - CORRECT ANSWERS- works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments nurse administrator - CORRECT ANSWERS- Provides leadership to nursing departments within a health care facility nurse researcher - CORRECT ANSWERS- conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice autonomy - CORRECT ANSWERS- independence accountability - CORRECT ANSWERS- Willingness to take credit and blame for actions. National League of Nurses - CORRECT ANSWERS- The association of nurses employed in the department of health.

health (nursing metaparadigm) - CORRECT ANSWERS- the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences Watson - CORRECT ANSWERS- transpersonal caring through caring behaviors, nurses assist pts. to attaining unity and harmony within the mind, body, soul Orem - CORRECT ANSWERS- self-care deficit nurses support patients so they can maintain self-care Roy - CORRECT ANSWERS- adaptation model nurses help pt. adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness Neuman - CORRECT ANSWERS- systems theory

nurses promote stability in the system by preventing stressors or promoting the integrity of the lines of defense Leininger - CORRECT ANSWERS- cultural care theory nurses provide culturally congruent nursing care Peplau - CORRECT ANSWERS- interpersonal relations nurse-client relationship is an interpersonal and therapeutic process Henderson - CORRECT ANSWERS- nurses help clients perform activities that contribute to independence Benner - CORRECT ANSWERS- stages of nursing proficiency/novice to expert model benner model - CORRECT ANSWERS- novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert