FINAL EXAM OF CURRENTLY TESTING LSUE BIOLOGY 1001 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS, Exams of Nursing

Download FINAL EXAM OF CURRENTLY TESTING LSUE BIOLOGY 1001 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! FINAL EXAM OF CURRENTLY TESTING LSUE BIOLOGY 1001 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS How many generations does it take to develop a new plant species by polyploid? A) one B) two C) ten D) about twenty - ANSWER-A) one Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by A) prometaphase B) interphase C) prophase D) telophase - ANSWER-B) interphase Which of the following statements regarding the cell-cycle control system is false? A) The cell-cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division B) The cell-cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle C) The cell-cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle D) The cell-cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors - ANSWER-D) The cell-cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors Cancer is not usually inherited because A) the chromosomal changes in cancer are usually confined to somatic cells B) people with cancer usually die before reproducing - ANSWER-A) the chromosomal changes cancer are usually confined to somatic cells Sister chromatids are A) found right after a cell divides B) joined together at a centromere C) made only of DNA D) unique to prokaryotes - ANSWER-B) joined together at a centromere When animal cells are grown in a Petri dish, they typically stop diving once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of A) cell constraint B) density-dependent inhibition C) cell division repression D) growth factor desensitization - ANSWER-B) density dependent inhibition The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called A) mitosis B) cytokinesis C) binary fission D) telophase - ANSWER-B) cytokinesis Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally? C) each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation - ANSWER-C) each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation Which of the following statements regarding genetic testing is false? A) genetic testing before birth requires the collection of fetal cells B) carrier testing helps determine if a person carries a potentially harmful disorder C) the screening of newborns can catch inherited disorders right after birth D) most human genetic diseases are treatable if caught early - ANSWER-D) most human genetic diseases are treatable if caught early All the offspring of a cross between a black eyed mendelian and an orange eyed mendelian have black eyes. What is the expected phenotypic ration of a cross between two orange eye mendelians? A) 3 black eye: 1 orange eye B) 0 black eyed: 1 orange eyed C) 1 black eyed: 3 orange eyed D) 1 black eyed: 0 orange eyed - ANSWER-B) 0 black eyed: 1 orange eyed How is sex determined in most ants and bees? A) by the XY system B) by the ZW system C) by the number of chromosomes D) by the size of the sex chromosomes - ANSWER-C) by the number of chromosomes Which of the following terms refers to a situation where a single phenotypic character is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes? A) incomplete dominance B) codominance C) pleiotropy D) polygenic inheritance - ANSWER-D) polygenic inheritance Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allows for ____ and ____ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities A) imaging ...karyotyping B) sexing.... imaging C) karyotyping... biochemical testing D) direct observation.. biochemical testing - ANSWER-D) direct observation.. biochemical testing A woman has been trying to conceive for several years, unsuccessfully. At a fertility clinic, they discover that she has blocked Fallopian tubes. Using modern technologies, some of her eggs are removed, fertilized with her husband's sperm, and implanted into her uterus. The procedure is successful, but the couple discovers that their son is color blind and the blood type O. The woman claims that the child can't be theirs since she has blood type A and her husband has blood type B. Also, neither parent is color blind, although one grand parent (the woman's father) is also color blind. As a genetic counselor, you would explain to the parent that A) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since the baby's blood type has to match one of his parents B) each parent could have contributed one recessive allele, resulting in type O blood C) the eggs must have been accidentally switched, since a type A parent and a ty - ANSWER-B) each parent could have contributed one recessive allele, resulting in type O blood According to scientist, about what percentage of men currently living in Central Asia may be descended from the Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan? A) 4% B) 8% C) 25% D) 40% - ANSWER-B) 8% Which of the following is essentially the opposite of pleiotropy? A) incomplete dominance B) codominance C) multiple alleles D) polygenic inheritance - ANSWER-D) polygenic inheritance The chromosome theory of inheritance states that A) chromosomes that exhibit mutations are the source of genetic variation B) the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for patterns of inheritance C) the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis accounts for inheritance patterns D) humans have 46 chromosomes - ANSWER-B) the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for patters of inheritance The alleles of a gene are found at ______ chromosomes A) the same locus on non homologous B) different loci on homologous C) different loci on non homologous D) the same locus on homologous - ANSWER-D) the same locus on homologous DNA polymerase A) joins nucleotides to produce new polymers of RNA B) reads the RNA strand, and adds the complementary nitrogen bases to make new RNA strand Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are A) two nucleotides sequence B) sequences of anticodon C) three nucleotides sequences D) nucleotides sequences of various lengths E) single nucleotides - ANSWER-C) three nucleotides sequences Hiv does the greatest damage to A) pancreatic cells B) white blood cells C) the adrenal glands D) red blood cells E) nervous tissue - ANSWER-B) white blood cells A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a A) codon B) anticodon C) mutagen D) terminator E) transposon - ANSWER-C) mutagen Which of the following takes place during translation? A) the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins B) the conversion of genetic information form DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides C) the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language go enzymes D) DNA replication - ANSWER-A) the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins The monomers of DNA and RNA are A) monosaccharides B) nucleotides C) fatty acids D) nucleic acids - ANSWER-B) nucleotides The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called A) translation B) transcription C) initiation D) elongation - ANSWER-B) transcription Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F-) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F+) could produce which of the following results? A) The F- bacterium ends up carrying one or more plasmids from the F+ bacterium; the F+ bacterium in unchanged B) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F- bacterium, and the F- bacteria ends up with an unaltered chromosome C) F- and F+ bacteria became genetically similar D) The F+ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F- bacterium, and the F- bacterium ends up with a chromosome that lacks those genes E) The F- bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome - ANSWER-E) The F- bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F+ bacterium, and the F+ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? A) RNA-DNA-RNA-protein B) DNA-RNA-protein C) protein-RNA-DNA D) DNA-tRNA-mRNA-protein - ANSWER-B) DNA-RNA-protein Which of the following is a function of a tRNA molecule? A) recognizing the appropriate anticodons in mRNA B) ransferring nucleotides to rRNA C) helping to translate codons into nucleic acids D) joining to only one specific type of amino acids - ANSWER-D) joining to only one specific type of amino acid The "one gene one polypeptide" theory states that A) the synthesis of each gene is catalyzed by one specific enzyme B) the synthesis of each enzyme is catalyzed by one specific gene C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide D) the function of each polypeptide is to regulate the synthesis of each corresponding gene - ANSWER-C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide When a T2 bacteriophage infects anEscherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm? A) the whole phage B) only the RNA A) Natural selection depends on the local environment at the current time B) Natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness C) Natural selection and evolutionary change can occur in a short period of time (a few generations) D) Natural selection can be observed working in organisms alive today - ANSWER-B) Natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness The sickle cell allele produces a serious blood disease in homozygotes. Why doesn't natural selection eliminate this allele from all human populations? A) Natural selection is a positive force, so it does not elevate alleles B) In populations where endemic malaria is present, heterozygotes have an important advantage: They are resistant to malaria and therefore are more likely to survive and produce offspring that carry the allele C) Mutations keep bringing the allele back into circulation D) Natural selection occurs very slowly, but elimination of the sickle cell allele is expected to occur soon - ANSWER-B) In populations where endemic malaria is present, heterozygotes have an important advantage: They are resistant to malaria and therefore are more likely to survive and produce offspring that carry the allele Which of the following would most quickly be eliminated by natural selection? A) a harmful allele in an asexual, haploid population B) a harmful recessive allele in a sexual, diploid population C) a harmful recessive allele in a sexual, polyploid population D) any harmful allele, regardless of the system of inheritance in a population - ANSWER-A) a harmful allele in an asexual, haploid population Large antlers in male elk, which are used for battles between males, are good example of a trait favored by A) intersexual selection B) intersexual selection C) disruptive selection D) stabilizing selection - ANSWER-B) intersexual selection Aristotle believed that A) All of the choices are correct B) An individual's use of a body part causes it to further evolve C) species are fixed (permanent) and perfect D) species evolve through natural selection and other mechanisms E) the best evidence for change within species is seen in fossils - ANSWER-C) species are fixed (permanent) and perfect Which of the following represents a pair of homologous structures? A) the wing of a bat and the scales of a fish B) the wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale C) the antennae of an insect and the eyes of a bird D) the wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly - ANSWER-B) the wing of a bat and the flipper of a whale Humans evolved with the disappearance of tail, despite the presence of tailbone. The tail in human is a A) Biochemical structure B) Vestigial structure C) Homologous structure D) Analogous structure E) All of the choices - ANSWER-B) Vestigial structure In what rocks, fossils are found? A) Lava B) Metamorphic C) Sedimentary D) Magma E) Igneous - ANSWER-C) Sedimentary Homologous structures such as the bones in wings, flippers, and arms are most closely concerned with A) comparative biochemistry B) anatomical similarity C) the fossil record D) biogeography E) comparative embryology - ANSWER-B) anatomical similarity When body temperature is too high, which which of the following occurs? A) The brain sends out distress signals B) Blood vessels in the skin dilate C) Capillaries contract D) The internal lining of the intestine increases in surface area - ANSWER- Which of the following is most likely to be responsible if, when your blood sugar level rises, the level of sugar goes back down? A) the use of the sugar for energy by your cells B) a homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback C) type II diabetes Suppose your doctor decides to X ray your hip. Which would show up more distinctly, the muscle or the bones? A) the muscles, because they re metabolically more active B) bones, because they have carbon C) the bones, because they are rich in hydrogen D) the bones, because they are denser E) the muscles, because they are softer - ANSWER-D) the bones, because they are denser Under normal conditions, blood sugar levels are controlled within a narrow range by negative feedback. Two hormones are involved in maintaining blood sugar levels at the set point (about 90 mg of glucose/100 ml of blood). When blood sugar levels rise above the set point, the hormone insulin signals the liver to absorb the excess sugar. When blood sugar levels drop below the set point, the hormone glucagon signals the liver to release its stored glucose to the bloodstream. In juvenile onset diabetes, the body doesn't produce enough insulin and insulin supplements are required. Based on your understanding of homeostasis, for negative feedback control of blood glucose levels to function properly - ANSWER-there must be sensors that monitor blood glucose levels The redwood groves in Northern California are one of America's greatest natural resources. Redwoods can live more than 2,000 years and grow taller than 350 feet. When tourism became popular in the late 1800s, large tunnels were cut through the center of several of these giant trees to allow wagons to pass through (and to attract tourists to the location). Even today, visitors wait in line to be photographed driving their cars through a tunnel. When the grovers were converted into national parks, the tunneling was discontinued, but several tunneled trees are still alive. When the redwood tunnels were first constructed, not much consideration was given to the long term effects of a tunnel on a tree's health. Nevertheless, many trees have survived more than 100 years after the tunnel was cut through their trunks. This is possible because A) the woods rays run in laterally through the trunk, so water and nutrients can s - ANSWER-C) the secondary xylem and phloem run vertically on either side of the vascular cambium and aren't completely disrupted by the tunnel Which of the following is a function of tracheids? A) food storage B) photosynthesis C) production of sex cells D) water conduction - ANSWER-D) water conduction Which of the following statements about germination is false? A) The germination of a seed represents the beginning of life B) Germination usually begins when a seed takes up water C) A hydrated seed expands, rupturing its seed coat D) Germination usually takes place after a period of dormancy - ANSWER-A) The germination of a seed represents the beginning of life Which of the following structures is the first to emerge from the germinating seed of a edict such as the garden bean? A) the embryonic shoot hook B) cotyledons C) the embryonic root D) the shoot sheath - ANSWER-C) the embryonic root Which of the following is a disadvantage of cloning as a propagation technique? A) Cloning produces monocultures that can potentially be wiped out by a single disease B) Cloning is more expensive and more difficult than growing from seeds C) Cloning is time consuming, with slow results D) Cloned organisms are dangerous and unpredictable - ANSWER-A) Cloning produces monocultures that can potentially be wiped out by a single disease Which of the following cells provide flexible support to the growing parts of plants? A) collenchyma cells B) sieve tube elements C) sclerenchyma cells D) parenchyma cells - ANSWER-A) collenchyma cells Which of the following is a function of fruits? A) Production of food for the developing embryo B) Pollen dispersal C) Seed dispersal D) Attracting pollinators - ANSWER-C) Seed dispersal A mature ovary, specialized as a vessel that houses a protects seeds, is a A) cotyledon B) seed coat C) ovule D) fruit E) seed - ANSWER-D) fruit Which of the following substances, by providing strength, allows sclerenchyma cells to provide support and play a role analogous to that of an animals skeleton? A) lignin B) sucrose C) starch D) chlorophyll - ANSWER-A) lignin A) Temperate broadleaf forests have a narrow range of temperatures over the course of a year B) Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests C) Temperature broadleaf forests have very poor soil D) Temperate broadleaf forests are less open than tropical rain forests - ANSWER-B) Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests The largest estuary in the United Staes is the Chesapeake Bay, which extends through six states, including Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania. The bay is one of the most productive natural areas in the world. It is home to thousands of plants and animals, including many commercially important species. The water of the bay is relatively shallow. Many areas are no more than 10 feet deep, with an average depth of 30 feet. Light penetrates the shallow water and supports the submerged plants that provide food and shelter for the many species living in the bay ecosystem. However, like many estuaries, the bay receives large amounts of fertilizer runoff form farms, lawns, and wastewater treatment facilities. Fertilizer runoff contains______, which are the most important limiting factors for phytoplankton growth. A) carbon and hydrogen B) oxygen and carbon dioxide C) nitrogen and phosphorus D) sulfur and magnesium - ANSWER-C) nitrogen and phosphorus The primary source of energy for hydrothermal vent communities is A) the heat of the water emerging from the vents B) oxidation of petroleum compounds in the vent water C) oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the vent water D) reduction of carbon dioxide in the vent water - ANSWER-C) oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the vent water The immediate results of the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers included____, but long term results included_____. A) dramatic increases in crow yields...the evolution of pest resistance B) global declines in undesirable pests, such as mice, rats, crows, and sharks...increases in these pests C) the increased spread of malaria....delayed resistance to pesticides D) terrible declines in agricultural productivity....world wide distraction of DDT E) all of the choices are correct - ANSWER-A) dramatic increases in crop yields...the evolution of pest resistance Which of the following is a characteristic of the chaparral biome? A) dense, broadleaf shrubs B) low amounts of rainfall at unpredictable periods throughout the year C) many plants with seeds that need fire to germinate D) animal species limited to lizards and snakes - ANSWER-C) many plants with seeds that need fire to germinate Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation? A) Soil type B) Wind C) Fires, hurricanes, and tornadoes D) Barometric pressure - ANSWER-B) Wind Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, deals with the A) All of the choices are correct B) Environmental effects of pesticides C) Effects of lynx predations on snow hare populations D) Destruction of polar habitats caused by global warming E) Fate of tropical rain forests - ANSWER-B) Environmental effects of pesticides The adaptations of pronghorns A) All of the choices are correct B) To open country could be a disadvantage in a densely forested environment C) Included a reflective coat, an inability to find small pools of water, and chemical defenses against most predators D) To open plains and shrub deserts of North America have helped them spread to nearly every continent E) Demonstrate that meeting the demands of local environmental conditions helps organisms extend their ranges to other types of environments - ANSWER-B) To open country could be a disadvantage in a densely forested environment The major reason for tropical deforestation is A) hurricane destruction of large regions B) people clearing forests to open up land for agriculture C) governments clearing forests to build cities D) natural succession as global warming occurs - ANSWER-B) people clearing forests to open up land for agriculture Species in widely separated biomes often appear to display similar characteristics because of A) convergent evolution B) coevolution C) mutations D) evolutionary drift E) speciation - ANSWER-A) convergent evolution Shrublands in California, United States are called_____. A) Savanna