Introduction to Psychology: Key Terms and Concepts in Motivation, Emotion, and Physiology, Quizzes of Psychology

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instinct theory

a complex behavior that must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned (influenced by evolutionary theory) it names human behaviors failed to explain human motives genes predispose species typical behavior TERM 2

drive-reduction theory

DEFINITION 2 idea that physiological need creates an aroused state that drives an organism to reduce the need when physiological need increases so does a psychological drive- an aroused, motivated state TERM 3

arousal theory

DEFINITION 3 is that human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels TERM 4

hierarchy of needs

DEFINITION 4 maslow-some needs take priority over others- pyramid of needs problem- only arbitrary and not universally experienced TERM 5

ancel keys

DEFINITION 5 semistarvation experiment

ghrelin

empty stomach produces hunger arousing hormone TERM 7

orexin

DEFINITION 7 hunger triggering hormone in lateral hypothalamus TERM 8

insulin

DEFINITION 8 hormone secreted by pancreas increases hunger by diminishing blood glucose TERM 9

leptin

DEFINITION 9 chemical secreted by fat cells increase metabolism and decrease hunger TERM 10

PYY

DEFINITION 10 Digestive tract hormone send full message to brain

10 basic emotions

joy anger interest disgust surprise sadness fear-izard TERM 12

subjective well being

DEFINITION 12 self perceived happiness TERM 13

adaptive level phenomenon

DEFINITION 13 happiness is relative to ones recent experience TERM 14

relative deprivation

DEFINITION 14 one feels worse off than others TERM 15

cannon

DEFINITION 15 adrenaline and non adrenaline hormones are released into blood stream during stress this states stress is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system

general adaption syndrome

GAS- first alarm then resistance then exhaustion TERM 17

Phychophysiological illness

DEFINITION 17 physical symptoms are produced by psychological causes TERM 18

psychoneuroimmunology

DEFINITION 18 investigates how psychological neural and endocrine systems together affect the immune system and health TERM 19

macrophage

DEFINITION 19 pursues and ingests foreign substances and natural killer cells which pursue diseased cells TERM 20

heiders theory

DEFINITION 20 attribution theory attribute behavior to internal cause- dispositional attribution external cause-situational attribution fundamental attribution error-focused on person and not situation

cognitive dissonance

Cognitive dissonance is an uncomfortable feeling caused by holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously. TERM 22

asch

DEFINITION 22 studied group pressure conform to group opinion TERM 23

normative social influence

DEFINITION 23 people comply with social pressure to gain approval or avoid rejection TERM 24

informational social influence

DEFINITION 24 comply because they are influenced by what they learn from others TERM 25

Milgram

DEFINITION 25 Shock Experiment used foot in the door

Social

Fascilation

do a task better when other people are present usually a easy task TERM 27

Social Loafing

DEFINITION 27 social loafing is the phenomenon of people making less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. TERM 28

Deidividuation

DEFINITION 28 when in a group a person feels anonymity or self restraint TERM 29

group polarization

DEFINITION 29 Group polarization is the tendency of people to make decisions that are more extreme when they are in a group, as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. TERM 30

groupthink

DEFINITION 30 Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas.

frustration aggression principle

not able to reach a goal leads to anger which can generate aggression