Partial preview of the text
Download Psychology Terms: A Comprehensive List from Free Association to Denial and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Free Association
psychoanalysis. get the person to talk and ramble on about
whatever comes to mind
TERM 2
Resistance
DEFINITION 2
psychoanalysis. evaluate what you say and how you say it.
resisting the therapist
TERM 3
Transference
DEFINITION 3
psychoanalysis. transfer feelings to the therapists that they
have about other significant things in their life
TERM 4
Catharsis
DEFINITION 4
psychoanalysis. if you want to do better you have to release
your emotions and talk about it
TERM 5
Client Centered Therapy
DEFINITION 5
humanistic psychotherapy. based on reflection and self
awareness. more of clients help themselves rather than the
therapist. therapist helps a little, but mostly the client
reflects and then becomes aware
Gestalt Therapy
humanistic psychotherapy. confrontation for self awareness.
therapist is more involved in helping client become aware of
their feelings
TERM 7
Fear Reduction
DEFINITION 7
cognitive behavior. systematic desensitization- expose you
to the fearful stimulus slowly.
TERM 8
Social Skills
Training
DEFINITION 8
cognitive behavior. role playing. simple things are a big deal
TERM 9
Cognitive Restructuring
DEFINITION 9
cognitive behavior. albert ellis and aaron beck. negative talk
and irrational assumptions are the cause of abnormal
behavior. (following six cards)
TERM 10
Selective
Abstraction
DEFINITION 10
basing thinking on a small amount of detail taken out of
context. choose negative things to think about
Overgeneralization
same difficulties in every situation. giving up on all things
because one didn't work
TERM 12
Arbitrary Inference
DEFINITION 12
infer that everything is going to be something bad
TERM 13
Magnification/Minimization
DEFINITION 13
over exagerate bad things, under appreciate good things
TERM 14
Personalization
DEFINITION 14
thinking it's all about me when really there are a lot of things
that influence the problem
TERM 15
Absolutistic
Thinking
DEFINITION 15
all or nothing. everything is either wonderful or terrible
Couples Therapy
faulty communication. equity perceptions- how much input
you're getting compared to your output.
TERM 17
Family Therapy
DEFINITION 17
systems theory- interdependency. communication and
belonging
TERM 18
Biological Therapies
DEFINITION 18
drugs, ect, psychosurgery. not going to ask a lot. all attempts
to change the person physically. Psychiatrist is the highest
TERM 19
Why Does Psychotherapy Work?
DEFINITION 19
the therapeutic alliance- develop a therapist/client
relationship. works best if client has personal control, self
efficacy, and relatedness
TERM 20
Deindividuation
DEFINITION 20
feel anonymous or unidentifiable because of the large group.
more likely to do uncommon things
Bystander Apathy
people stood around and watched it happen. at what point
will someone step in?
TERM 22
Diffusion of Responsibility
DEFINITION 22
i don't need to help because someone else will. presence of
bystanders makes us less likely to assume responsibility
TERM 23
Social Facilitation
DEFINITION 23
being in a group improves individual performance
TERM 24
Social Loafing
DEFINITION 24
no individual accountability so performance decreases.
accountability- no loafing if the person believes that you
don't know who they are. role of recognition. accountability.
TERM 25
Groupthink
DEFINITION 25
conforming and doing the same as everyone else in the
group
Polarization
more extreme poles. as you argue your point, pushes you
towards one extreme pole
TERM 27
Risky Options
DEFINITION 27
groups are more risky than individuals
TERM 28
Public vs Private Conformity
DEFINITION 28
more likely to conform publicly
TERM 29
Clear Cut vs Ambiguous Conformity
DEFINITION 29
more likely to conform in an ambiguous situation
TERM 30
Size and Consensus of Group
DEFINITION 30
more likely to conform in a bigger group. once one person
disagrees, makes the group not conform
Individualistic vs Collectivistic Culture
Conformity
more conformity in collectivisitic cultures
TERM 32
Standford Prison Study
DEFINITION 32
study social roles and norms. assigned roles as prisoners and
guards and they actually took the roles seriously. had to stop
study after one day. zimbardo
TERM 33
Characteristics of a Speaker
DEFINITION 33
credibility, sleeper effect- less credible sources become more
credible the more you hear it, intentions
TERM 34
Characteristics of the Message
DEFINITION 34
fear appeals must give a solution to the problem (emotional,
personal, self efficacy). one vs two sided arguments
(depends on the audience and intentions). framing (how you
set it up. negative works better)
TERM 35
Characteristics of the Listener
DEFINITION 35
intelligence, need for approval, self esteem (middle are less
likely to be persuaded), audience size, social support
Foot in the
Door
after you agree to a small initial request, then give in to
larger requests
TERM 37
Low Ball Technique
DEFINITION 37
offered a reasonable deal then add additional charges. often
with auto salesmen
TERM 38
Cognitive Dissonance
DEFINITION 38
attitudes shift to be consistent with behavior. causes
discomfort. impact of perceived choice- based on
consistency. frat hazing
TERM 39
Realistic Conflict
DEFINITION 39
people who are frustrated because they are competing with
another group for scarce resources come to view the other
group in negative ways
TERM 40
Us vs Them Mindset
DEFINITION 40
division of the world into two groups
Social Learning
when we observe stereotypes expressed by others, we are
likely to adopt same prejudices
TERM 42
Cooperation vs Competition
DEFINITION 42
cooperation builds respect, competition maintains prejudice
TERM 43
Attribution Errors
DEFINITION 43
figuring out why you're going something. situation vs
disposition- situation is blaming it on the outside world and
disposition is based on personal stuff. but when you evaluate
your own behavior, more likely to attribute it to the situation.
TERM 44
Fundamental Attribution Error
DEFINITION 44
do good because of personal things, do bad because of
situational things
TERM 45
Negative vs Positive Information
DEFINITION 45
depends on personal bias. usually a little bit of negative
information outweighs the positive
Opposite vs Complimentary
more attracted to similar people. complementary means
their skills work well with yours
TERM 47
Competent vs Ideal
DEFINITION 47
we seem to be more attracted to people who have the
qualities that we would ideally like to have. not too perfect
TERM 48
Physical Attractiveness
DEFINITION 48
most important factor in early stages of attraction
TERM 49
Primacy Effect
DEFINITION 49
first information we are given is weighted heavier than later
information
TERM 50
Proximity
DEFINITION 50
physical proximity increases interactions and the repeated
exposure to people increases how much you like them
Mutual Liking
more attractive when you both like each other
TERM 52
Expectations vs Reality
DEFINITION 52
don't expect too much
TERM 53
Passionate vs Compassionate Love
DEFINITION 53
passionate is like at the very beginning when you can't get
enough of them. compassionate is like companion for life in
all areas
TERM 54
Perceived Relative Inputs vs Outputs
DEFINITION 54
is it fair? are you benefitting the same as you are
contributing
TERM 55
Organizational Citizenship
DEFINITION 55
workers that go beyond the call of duty.
Conscientiousness
single most important factor when predicting work
TERM 57
Supervisory Management
DEFINITION 57
include the people around you. considerate and
communicative. structured
TERM 58
Participative Management
DEFINITION 58
employees are actively involved in decision making
TERM 59
Transformational vs Transactional Leadership
DEFINITION 59
transformational is beyond the daily tasks, help people get
inspired to think bigger. transactional is you do this for me i'll
do that for you
TERM 60
Human Factors Engineering
DEFINITION 60
design machines that are more easily operated by humans.
faucets and stove tops
Traditional vs Open Workspace
most people prefer traditional because they have their own
personal space
TERM 62
Single Corridor vs Suite Dorms
DEFINITION 62
single corridor are less sociable than suites
TERM 63
Approach Approach
DEFINITION 63
deciding between two positive things that you want to do
TERM 64
Avoidance Aviodance
DEFINITION 64
deciding between two negative things that you don't want to
do, but you have to
TERM 65
Approach Avoidance
DEFINITION 65
attaining a positive goal necessitates a negative outcome as
well
Multiple Approach Avoidance
one goal with a lot of positive and negative qualities
TERM 67
General Adaption Syndrome
DEFINITION 67
alarm reaction (body's initial response to any threat when
increase heart rate etc). resistance (high stress resistance
but not a lot of resources). exhaustion (resistance to stress
and infection is lower with more stressful things)
TERM 68
Factors that Influence Reactions to Stress-
Age
DEFINITION 68
depends on the developmental level of the victim. younger is
usually more stressed
TERM 69
Factors that Influence Reactions to Stress-
Predictability and Personal Control
DEFINITION 69
less certain/predictable it is, the more stressed you get. less
control you have, more stress
TERM 70
Factors that Influence Reactions to Stress-
Social Support
DEFINITION 70
getting it off your chest helps and so does getting advice
Factors that Influence Reactions to Stress-
Person Variables
person x situation interactionism- partly determined by
person partly by stressor
TERM 72
Displacement
DEFINITION 72
when it's unsafe to take your anger out on the person
creating stress, those feelings are directed towards someone
safe
TERM 73
Sublimation
DEFINITION 73
stressful conflicts resolved by something socially approved
like running or doing homework
TERM 74
Projection
DEFINITION 74
a person with stressful conflicts about sex might perceive
himself as having little sexual desire but might view others
as being obsessed
TERM 75
Regression
DEFINITION 75
stress may be reduced by returning to an earlier stage in life.
like have a stomping temper tantrum
Rationalization
stress is reduced by explaining away the source of stress. "oh
she wasn't my type anyways"
TERM 77
Repression
DEFINITION 77
potentially stressful desires are kept out of consciousness
without the person being consciously aware that the
repression is occuring
TERM 78
Denial
DEFINITION 78
conscious denial
TERM 79
Reaction Formation
DEFINITION 79
conflicts are avioded by unconsciously transforming them
into the opposite desire
