Final Exam Study Guide - Public Speaking | CMST 2060, Study notes of Communication and Presentation Skills

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CMST 2060 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE/ LARRIMORE SPRING 2010

The persuasive speech and what constitutes a persuasive speech  Persuasive Speech o Emotion (pathos) o Point out the alternative o Create visual o Pathos  Problem-solution  Problem-cause-solution  Comparative advantage (identify the problem, acknowledge multiple solutions, tell which one is best)  Refutation model (point out weaknesses in opposing argument)  Monroe’s motivated sequence (get audience’s attention; identify need; solution/satisfaction; visualization—utopia vs. wasteland, look to future; action)  Ethos =appeal to a sense of character, the persona one gives off o Situated (inherited) ethos  What someone already thinks of you o Invented ethos  What you create in front of the audience o Ethos in speech:  Identification  The establishment of common ground between speaker and audience  Example: Mean Girls speech  Polarization  Separating the Evoked Audience from a secondary “bad” audience  Us vs. Them  Example: President Poleman Independence Day speech  Distinction  Proving that the speaker has special knowledge or experience that sets them above the audience  Example: Braveheart speech  Diatribe  Directly criticizing the audience to provoke self-refection  Attacking audience’s belief  Example: George Carlin “Religion is bullshit” speech

Pathos ---what is pathos? Also, know how we use pathos and why we might use pathos to create the following. They also all pair off into opposites. Know how they pair off  Pathos =appeal to emotion o The strongest o Creates a visual  Logos =logic, sense of reason o Using statistics o What speaker says makes sense to audience o In order for persuasion to take place, must have  Claim (what you want the audience to accept; Example: it rained last night)  Grounds (Example: the sidewalk is wet)  Warrant (Example: wet sidewalk=rain) Emotional Reference Positive Orientation Negative Orientation People Saint Sinner Actions Virtue Vice Events Utopia Wasteland Objects Idol Abomination  Sinner—condemning an individual or group as representing all that one should avoid  Saint—praising an individual or group as an ideal model  Wasteland—projecting a “terrible” world to condemn a way of life  Utopia—projecting a “perfect” world to promote a way of life  Vice—condemning a certain habit of action as detrimental  Virtue—praising a certain habit of action as beneficial  Idol—praising some object as being worthy of respect and use  Abomination—condemning some objects as meriting rejection or destruction Claim/evidence/warrant triangle (we went over this before midterm, but it was not on the midterm). To refresh your memories: Claim –the assertion you’re making ( ex: It rained last night) (or: you just drank red wine)

Warrant—the connection Evidence—the proof behind that assertion (ex: wet grass is usually a sign that it has rained) (ex: the grass is wet) (or: purple teeth usually indicate someone’s been (or: your teeth are purple) drinking red wine) The commemorative speech—what it is and what characterizes each of the types we talked about in class --purpose is to entertain, celebrate; can be hybridized; much more loosely defined than other speeches  Introductions  Acceptance—thank, show gratitude, what it means to you (ex: Dustin Hoffman)  Presentation—significance of award itself, why the recipient is worthy of the award (ex:Janet Jackson)  Toasts/roasts—prepare, 1 or 2 positive characteristics (Ex: the Office roast) o Roast is an ironic toast, pick out embarrassing characteristics and make them positive, balance, keep light hearted  Eulogies—balance delivery and emotion, acknowledge family (Ex. Graham Chapman)  Inspirational/motivational speeches—have goal in mind, be dynamic, engage audience, appeal strictly to emotion, use real-life stories that inspire by example, dramatic finish! Stylistic/rhetorical devices (be able to recognize EXAMPLES of these)  Anaphora o Repetition of beginning of statement  Hypophora o Raising a question and providing answer yourself  Metaphor o Comparing without using “like” or “as”  Simile o Uses “like” or “as”  Metonymy o Use part to represent the whole  Chiasmus o Using the same words in a different order  Antonomasia o Using a nickname whose name implies a characteristic (ex: Romeo, Einstein)

 Bdelygmia o Litany of abuse, cruelty, negative statements  Effectio o Detailed personal description of someone  Commoratio o Saying the same thing in different ways  Alliteration o Tongue twisters, repetition of sounds  Auxesis o Gradual increase in intensity (“going, going, gone!”)  Oxymoron o Direct contradiction Regarding Antony’s speech from Julius Caesar , think about how Antony managed to turn the citizens of Rome against Brutus and the conspirators who killed Caesar. Also, think specifically about the role of Caesar’s will—how did Antony use it in persuading the citizens of Rome? What purpose did it serve? You will have true/false, matching, and multiple choice questions, the answers to which will go on an answer sheet. Also, I will have a pretty sizeable excerpt from a speech to which you have already been exposed on the final. Following the speech will be five discussion questions. ( Hint: it’s the MLK speech. )