Fire Investigation Master Study Guide for TCFP Test, Exams of Nursing

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659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Fire Investigatormaster for TCFP test

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023

Is NFPA 921 a guide or a standard? - ✔️It is the Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations What are the six steps of the scientific method? - ✔️Recognize the need Define the problem Collect the data Analyze the data Develop a hypothesis Test the hypothesis What step of the scientific method is inductive reasoning? - ✔️Analyze the data What step of the scientific method is deductive reasoning? - ✔️Test the hypothesis What are the four parts of the fire tetrahedron? - ✔️Fuel (reducing agent) Heat Oxidizing agent Uninhibited chemical chain reaction What kind of reaction absorbs energy, an endothermic or an exothermic reaction? - ✔️Endothermic What is heat transfer by direct contact called? - ✔️Conduction What is heat transfer by gas flow / air movement called? - ✔️Convection What is heat transfer by microwave energy called? - ✔️Radiation What is a fuel controlled fire? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️A fire that is limited by the amount of combustibles. What is a ventilation controlled fire? - ✔️A fire that is limited by the amount of oxygen. What are the stages of fire growth? - ✔️Ignition Growth Flashover Fully Developed Decay What is a flashover? - ✔️The transition phase from growth to fully developed, where all surfaces reach ignition temperature almost simultaneously. What is ignition of the underside of the hot gas layer called? - ✔️Flameover or rollover What factors influence flashover conditions? - ✔️Size of the compartment Height of ceiling Ventilation Amount of fuel Layout of fuel Location of fire in the compartment What are fire patterns? - ✔️The physical manifestation of the affects of fire on materials. What are the different types of fire patterns on the walls and ceiling? - ✔️Plume Generated patterns (often V shaped) Ventilation generated patterns Hot gas layer patterns (Line of demarcation) What is spalling? - ✔️The separation of chunks of concrete with explosive force caused by the expansion of water (moisture) trapped in the concrete as it turns to steam What is char? - ✔️Pyrolized carbonaceous material What is oxidation? - ✔️Physical change in appearance of a material resulting from the combination of oxygen.

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What is alloying? - ✔️Mixing two metals heated then cooled to change their properties. Often melts at a lower temperature. What is a clean burn? - ✔️When there was enough heat to burn away all carbon deposits (soot) on a surface leaving a "clean" surface. Occurs on non-combustible surfaces. What is soot? - ✔️Elemental carbon produced during incomplete combustion. What is calcination? - ✔️When chemically bound water is driven out of gypsum walls by the heat of the fire. Does a 25 Watt light bulb expand towards the fire or pull inward away from it? - ✔️Bulbs 25 watts or less pull away. Bulbs greater than 25 watts will expand towards the fire. What causes heat shadowing? - ✔️An object blocking the travel of radiated heat. What is a dead load? - ✔️The weight of things attached to the building, like flooring, cloumns, and roof coverings. What is a live load? - ✔️A load that can move, like people, furniture, wind, water, and snow. What is compartmentation? - ✔️Design features of a building that limit fire growth to the room of origin. What are the five building construction types? - ✔️Type I - Fire resistant Type II - Non combustible Type III - Ordinary Type IV - Heavy timber Type V - Wood frame What is ordinary construction? - ✔️Exterior walls are masonry and frame is wood. What is wood frame construction? - ✔️Lightweight wood construction, used in apartments, houses. What is platform frame construction? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔Each floor is a seperate platform. What is balloon frame construction? - ✔️The wall studs extend from the foundation to the roof. What is Ohm's Law? - ✔️V=IR (E = I x R) What is voltage? - ✔️Pressure What is current? - ✔️Flow What is resistance? - ✔️Friction, opposition to the flow What is an overload? - ✔️Power needs exceed the circuit's capacity. Alternating Current VS Direct Current - ✔️Alternating current - the electrons flow out from the source and then back to it, alternating directions. Direct current - electrons flow one way. Single Phase service - ✔️Residential. Three conductors: Two insulated conductors at 120 V each, and a bare ground wire. Three phase system - ✔️Commercial. Four conductors: Three insulated conductors (480, 240, or 208 V), and a bare ground wire. What is the difference between grounding and bonding? - ✔️Grounding connects the system to the earth (ground). Bonding connects to systems together so the charge stays the same between them. What is overcurrent protection? - ✔️A device that protects the system from excess current. Includes: Circuit breakers Plug fuses Type S fuses Time delay fuses Cartridge fuses

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What are the colors of residential wires? - ✔️Hot - black or red Neutral - gray or white Ground - bare or green What are some methods of electrical heat production? - ✔️Resistance heating Short circuit Ground fault Parting Arc Excessive current What is the difference between and arc and a spark? - ✔️Sparks are thrown metal particles Arcs are brief discharges of electricity What is arc tracking? - ✔️Arc following salts, dusts, or liquids along a path. What is arc mapping? - ✔️Mapping out of electrical damage in a circuit. What is static electricity? - ✔️A stationary charge caused by movement of one object against another. Lighting is a static disharge. What are the five conditions nessecery for Static Arc Ignition? - ✔️A Means of static generation A means of accumulating and maintaining the charge A static discharge with sufficient energy A fuel source Coexistence of the arc and fuel source Name two fuel gasses: - ✔️LP (liquid petroleum) Natural gas What is the difference between tanks and cylinders for LP gas? - ✔️Tanks: storage with greater than 1000 LBs water capacity. Cylinder: Portable, usually consumer. What are some human factors related to fire initiation in a structure? - ✔️Improper maintenance and operation Housekeeping Product labels, warnings, and instructions

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Recalls Violations of fire safety codes and standards What are the age groups and types of child firesetters? - ✔️Child 2-6, curiosity Juvenile 7-13, psychological or emotional problem Adolescent 14-16, stress, anger, or other psychological or emotional problems What are the four ways of right of entry? - ✔️Consent Exigent Circumstance Administrative Search warrant Criminal search warrant What are the four rules of the Miranda warning? - ✔️Right to remain silent Any statement can be used against you Right to an attorney Right to have an attorney appointed if you can't afford one

• Sixth Amendment What is spoliation? - ✔️The loss or destruction of an object or document that is evidence What is demonstrative evidence? - ✔️Any tangible evidence that you can touch, feel, see, or smell. Any evidence that is tangible (physical). What is documentary evidence? - ✔️Written reports or documents relevant to the case. What is Testimonial evidence? - ✔️Verbal testimony of witnesses Fact witness VS Expert witness - ✔️Fact witness can only testify observations and statements of fact. Expert witness may testify their opinion. Daubert Rule considerations: - ✔️Can the theory or technique be tested? Has the theory or technique been peer-reviewed and published? Is there a known or potential rate of error? Has it gained general acceptance in the expert's field? What is Arson? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️Causing unlawful and intentional damage, by fire or explosion, to structures, vehicles, and personal property. What are four ways you can be exposed to chemical hazards? - ✔️Absorption (surface of skin) Inhalation Ingestion Injection Should you investigate a fire alone or in pairs? - ✔️In pairs What are some Basic Investigation Assignments for personnel? - ✔️Photography Note Taking Mapping Diagramming Interviewing Witnesses Evidence Collection What are some ways to document a scene? - ✔️Photographs Video Notes Drawings (sketches) What items can cause cross-contamination at a scene? - ✔️Tools Gear (boots, gloves, etc) Evidence Cans Other emergency equipment Characteristics of evidence: - ✔️Physical state: Solid, liquid, gas Characteristics: Size, shape, weight Fragility: Will it disintegrate or break? Volatility: Will it evaporate? What is an accelerant? - ✔️Any substance used to initiate or promote fire spread. What are the most desireable collection areas for liquid accelerants? - ✔️Lowest areas Samples of porous or fiberous material Cloth, paper, cardboard Seams, tears, cracks

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Edges of burn patterns Floor drains How much space can you fill up in an evidence can? - ✔️2/3 of the can What data should be included with the evidence? - ✔️Date and time Case # Location Brief description Name of investigator What is the difference between Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry? - ✔️GC seperates mixtures into their individual components MS further analyzes the individual components What is the point of origin? - ✔️Exact physical location where a heat source and fuel come together and a fire begins. What is the area of origin? - ✔️The room or area where the fire began Recommended procedure for origin determination: - ✔️Preliminary scene assessment Preliminary fire spread scenario development In-depth exterior examination In-depth interior examination Fire scene reconstruction Fire spread scenario report What is a competent ignition source? - ✔️One that has sufficient energy, temperature, and time to raise the first fuel to its ignition temperature. What are the four elements of determining a fire cause? - ✔️Ignition source Fuel first ignited Oxidizer present Ignition sequence Four features of the investigation: - ✔️Cause of fire or explosion Cause of damage to property Cause of bodily injury / loss of life

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Degree to which human fault contributed Four classifications of cause: - ✔️Accidental Natural Incendiary Undetermined Should a fire ever be classified as "suspicious?" - ✔️No. Suspicious is not an appropriate term to describe the unexplained. What is failure analysis? - ✔️A logical, systematic examination of an item, component, assembly, or structure and it splace and function within a system, conducted to identify and analyze the probability, causes, and consequences of potential and real failures. What are hard times? - ✔️Incidents with a known exact time. These include dispatch times and other documented times. What are soft times? - ✔️Witness statements with approximate times, other observations with approximations. What are benchmark events? - ✔️The foundation of the timeline. Includes events related to cause, spread, detection, or extinguishment of the fire. Micro VS Macro times: - ✔️Macro can be as far as months or years before the fire, and Micro are small and narrow parts of the timeline. What does FMEA stand for? - ✔️Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - a graphical method or technique used to determine causes and effects leading to the fire. Similar to Fault trees. Mathmatical and Engineering models for fire investigation: - ✔️Heat Transfer models Flammable gas Concentrations Hydraulic Analysis (sprinkler failure) Structural analysis Egress analysis Fire dynamis (fire growth) What is a BLEVE? - ✔️Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What are the basic types of explosions? - ✔️Mechanical Chemical Nuclear Deflagration VS Detonation - ✔️Deflagration = less than the speed of sound Detonation = Greater than the speed of sound, more than 1,100 FPS What are the characteristics of Low order damage? - ✔️Slow pressure rise, pushing, bulging damage What are the characteristics of high order damage? - ✔️Rapid pressure rise, shattering, pulverizing What is a seated explosion? - ✔️Explosion with a crater of damage. Generally characterized by high pressure and rapid pressure rise. Explosives, steam boilers, and highly confined fuel gases. What is a nonseated explosion? - ✔️Dispersed or diffused fuels with moderate pressure rise and subsonic (less than the speed of sound) velocities. What is a backdraft? - ✔️Smoke explosion from an oxygen deprived fire. Oxygen is introduced to the room mixes with the fuels and ignites and burns fast enough to produce low-order damage. What are some common high explosives? - ✔️TNT ANFO RDX PETN What are some incendiary fire indicators? - ✔️Multiple Fires Trailers Lack of expected fuel load (fire damage not consistent with existing fuel) Lack of expected ignition sources Exotic accelerants Unusual fuel load or configuration Burn injuries Incendiary devices Other factors not directly related to combustion, but still indicators of incendiary fire: -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️Remote locations with blocked view Fires near service equipment and appliances Removal/Replacement of contents prior to fire Blocked entry Sabotage to the structure or fire protection Opening windows and exterior doors What are some Evidentiary factors to consider? - ✔️Geographical (clusters) Temporal frequency Materials and methods (using the same firesetting method) Financial stress History of code violations Fires at additional properties, same owner Overinsured property What are some timed opportunities? - ✔️Natural conditions (flood, hurricains, etc) Civil unrest Fire Dept unvailible What are motives for firesetting? - ✔️Vandalism Excitement Revenge Crime Concealment Profit Extremism Carbon monoxide poisining causes what color of the skin? - ✔️Cherry-pink What are the different degrees of burns? - ✔️1st degree, reddening of the skin 2nd degree, blistering 3rd degree, full-thickness damage to skin 4th degree, damage to fat/muscle and charring of tissue What should you document on an appliance in the area of origin? - ✔️Controls Bonding/grounding Position of moving parts Clocks Power supply Fuel supply (gas)

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What identifying info should you get for each appliance? - ✔️Manufacturer Model Number Serial Number Date of manufature Name of product Warnings Recommendations What is an exemplar? - ✔️A duplicate object, such as an appliance, obtained for testing purposes. Types of heat cutoff devices: - ✔️Fluid pressure Bimetal Expanding metal Melting Motion switch (tip over) What do fluorescent lights and HID lights have in common? - ✔️They all have ballasts, which can fail and cause a fire. What are ignition sources in vehicles? - ✔️Open flames (backfire) Electrical sources Hot surfaces (exhaust) Mechanical sparks (broken parts) Smoking materials What are the two basic fuel systems in a car? - ✔️Low pressure and high pressure. Low pressure = 3-5 PSI, Carbuerated High pressure = 35 - 70 PSI, fuel injected Wildfires have what two types of fuel? - ✔️Ground fuels Arial fuels Sometimes: Ground, surface, and crown Three classifications of wind: - ✔️Meterological wind (normal wind) Diurnal wind (solar heating / nightime cooling) Fire winds

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What is the fire head? - ✔️Portion of the fire that is moving most rapidly What is the fire heel? - ✔️Opposite of the head, less intense What are the causes of wildfires? - ✔️Lighting Spontaneous heating Campsite Smoking Debris burning Sunlight and glass refraction Incendiary Juvenile Fireworks Controlled burn Vehicles Railroad What are some search patterns? - ✔️Grid Spiral Strip Area What are some ways to identify a boat? - ✔️Hull Identification Number (HIN) Registration numbers US Coast Guard documentation numbers Boat name and hailing port What are some common ignition sources on a boat? - ✔️Open flames Electrical faults / overloads Mechanical (bearings, friction) Hot surfaces (exhaust, cooking, heating) Boats that are powered by gasoline have similar fuel systems to cars. What are the two main gasoline fuel systems? - ✔️High pressure - fuel injected Lower pressure - carbuerated ALSO: Some boats are diesel, or even electric ONLY What are some cooking fuels found on boats? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️LPG

CNG

Solid fuels Alcohol Diesel What are sources of electrical energy on boats? - ✔️Batteries Inverters Shore power What are some basic safety concerns when working on a boat? - ✔️Confined spaces Airborn particles Fuel leaks Electricity Stability What are some basic concerns for complex investigations? - ✔️Transportation Equipment Security Decon Environmental Communications Sanitation Trash removal Snow & Ice Lighting Evidence storage What are two natural causes of wildfires? - ✔️Lighting Spontaneous heating What are some human causes of wildfires? - ✔️Campsite Smoking Debris burning Glass refraction Incendiary Controlled burn Machines Railroad Juveniles Fireworks

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What are some utilities that can cause wildfires? - ✔️Electrical Gas and oil drilling What are four search patterns? - ✔️Segment Loop Grid Lane What are some types of suppression for wildfires? - ✔️Class A foam Fire breaks Air drops Firing out What are the two main parts of a wildfire? - ✔️Head Heel What are the three types of winds affecting wildfires? - ✔️Meterological Diurnal Fire winds What are some ground fuels? - ✔️Duff Roots Leaves Grass Dead wood Low brush What are some aerial fuels? - ✔️Tree crowns Snags Moss High brush What are some fuel systems in vehicles? - ✔️Gas - low pressure or high pressure, carb or fuel injected Diesel CNG/LPG Name some ignition sources in cars: -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️Open flames Electrical problems Hot surfaces (exhaust, turbocharger) Mechanical sparks Smoking What is the difference between combustible liquids and flammable liquids? - ✔️Combustible = flash point above 100 F Flammable = Flash point below 100 F Name some residential appliances that can cause a fire: - ✔️Oven Coffee maker Toaster Can opener Refrigerator Dishwasher Microwave Space heater Electric blanket Air conditioner Hair dryer Iron Dryer Lighting What is an exemplar? - ✔️It is an example / exact copy of the product or item burned in the fire. It is for testing purposes. What are some different explosion related injuries? - ✔️Blast pressure Shrapnel Thermal (burns) Seismic effect injuries (building collapse) What are the degrees of burns? - ✔️First, red skin Second, blisters Third, full thickness - burns all the way through the skin Fourth, charring of underlying tissue like muscle and fat What are methods of death in a fire? - ✔️CO poisoning Hyperthermia (heat) Inhalation of hot gases

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Other toxins / soot / smoke Hypoxia (lack of oxygen) What are the fundamental issues of a death investigation? - ✔️Remains / Victim identification Cause of death Manner of death Victim activity Postmortem changes What are the main motives for firesetting? - ✔️Vandalism Excitement Revenge Crime concealment Profit Extremism What is vandalism firesetting? - ✔️Willfull and malicious mischief - often pressured by groups or peers What is excitement firesetting? - ✔️Thrill seeking Attention seeking Recognition Sexual gratification What is revenge firesetting? - ✔️Personal retaliation Societal retaliation Institutional retaliation (school, church, etc) Group retaliation What is crime concealment firesetting? - ✔️Murder concealment Burglary concealment Destruction of documents What is extremism firesetting? - ✔️Terrorism Riots or civil distrurbance What are some things to examine in multiple confirmed incendiary fires? - ✔️Geographic area Temporal frequency (time) Materials & Method of firesetting

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What are some indicators of incendiary fires? - ✔️Evidence of other crimes (crime concealment) Indicators of financial stress History of code violations Owner with multiple fires Over insurance Timed oppportunity (civil unrest, natural disaster) Other indicators that a fire is incendiary: - ✔️Remote locations Fire near service equipment / appliances Removal or replacement of contents prior to fire Entry blocked Sabotage of fire protection systems Multiple Fires Trailers Lack of fuel load / ignition sources Exotic accelerants Unsual fuel load burn injuries Incendiary devices What is the difference between low order and high order explosions? - ✔️Low order = less than the speed of sound, pushing / bulging damage, slow pressure rise High order = faster than the speed of sound, breaking / shattering, long range missiles, rapid pressure rise What is a seated explosion? - ✔️Seated explosions have a blast crater in the center of the explosion. Generally caused by high explosives like TNT, PETN, RDX, ANFO. Non seated explosions are caused by dispersed fuel gases and dusts. They do not cause a blast crater. What can cause a non-seated explosion? - ✔️Fuel gases Pooling of flammable liquids Dusts Backdraft What does BLEVE stand for? - ✔️Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

What are the different basic types of explosions? - ✔️Mechanical BLEVE Chemical Combustion Electrical Nuclear What are the parts of a investigation timeline? - ✔️Hard times Soft times Benchmark events Describe some causes of injury or loss of life: - ✔️Toxicity HazMat Compartmentation (failure to contain fire) Change of occupancy Fire alarms (failure) Human behavior Suppression Housekeeping Fuel loads Ventilation Code Violations Egress Structural failure What are the four classifications of fire? - ✔️Accidental Natural Incendiary Undetermined What is the difference between Probable and Possible? - ✔️Probable = more than 50% Possible = 50% or less What are the three phases of ignition? - ✔️Generation Transmission Heating What are important things to look at when you are comparing fire patterns? - ✔️Sequence of patterns Depth of char

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Ventilation Missing wood Depth of calcination Arc mapping What are some factors to consider at a structure fire? - ✔️Pre fire conditions Structure dimensions Building ventillation& systems Weather Electrical systems HVAC Fuel gas / Liquid fuels Fire protection systems Security systems Witnesses Every investigation should be conducted using the _________ method and a _________ approach. - ✔️Scientific Systematic What is the preferred method of transporting evidence to the state lab? - ✔️hand delivery What are the four types of evidence containers? - ✔️Metal cans Glass jars Special evidence bags Common plastic bags What are two ways of detecting hydrocarbons? - ✔️Canine team Hydrocarbon detector What suppression activities should be done in order to preserve the evidence at the fire scene? - ✔️Caution while using hose streams, overhaul, or salvage Don't move any appliance knobs or switches Caution while using or refilling power tools Limiting access to the scene What does NFIRS stand for? - ✔️National Fire Incident Reporting System What are the two main types of fire scene drawings? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️Sketches and diagrams What are the main types of diagrams? - ✔️Site plan Floor plan Elevations Detailed view Exploded view 3D What are some things that can be documented by photography at the fire scene? - ✔️Crowd Suppression Exterior Structural Interior Utility / Appliance Evidence Victim Witness Viewpoint Aerial What are the two types of cameras? - ✔️Digital and film What types of consultants might be needed to provide technical assistance? - ✔️Materials Engineer Mechanical Engineer Electrical Engineer Chemist Fire science engineer Insurance agent Canine Team What is the basic infor needed to plan an investigation? - ✔️Location Date and time Weather Size and complexity Type and use of structure Nature and extent of damage Security Purpose of the investigation Where can you get an MSDS? - ✔️Manufacturer

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Supplier Facility hazard and communication plan Local Emergency planning committee What are the parts of the NFPA 704 diamond? - ✔️Blue = Health Red = Flammability Yellow = Reactivity Special hazards = No water, Oxidizer, etc In the ERG (Emergency Response Guidebook), what are three methods of looking up a hazmat substance? - ✔️Locate the UN Number - yellow pages Locate name of material - blue pages Locate matching placard in the table of placards What are the two general hazards found on each guidebook page? - ✔️Health and Fire/Explosion What factors affect scene safety? - ✔️Suppression Structural stability Utilities Electrical hazards Standing water Bystanders What are types of hazards at a fire scene? - ✔️Physical Structural Electrical Chemical Biological Mechanical What is the difference between a fact witness and an expert witness? - ✔️Fact witnesses can only testify to the facts they observed. Expert witnesses can testify to the conclusions they draw from these facts. What are the four methods of right of entry? - ✔️Consent Excigent Circumstances Administrative Search Warrant Criminal Search Warrant What is spoliation? -

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

✔️It is the wrongful destruction of evidence What does the Miranda Warning include? - ✔️Right to remain silent Anything said or done will be used against you Right to an attorney Right to have one if you cannot afford it You have the right to stop talking What are the ages of child fire setters? - ✔️Child - 2 - 6 Adolescent - 7 - 13 Juvenile - 14 - 17 Why do children 2-6 set fires? - ✔️Curiosity Why do adolescents 7-13 set fires? - ✔️Broken families, physical or emotional trauma Why to juveniles 14-17 set fires? - ✔️Stress, anxiety, anger, other problems What kind of equipment uses fuel gas? - ✔️Air heating Water heater Cooking Refrigeration Engines Lights Incinerators What three kinds of ignition could be on a gas stove? - ✔️Manual Pilot light Pilotless igniters (electric) What is the difference between an LP Gas cylinder and a tank? - ✔️Tanks - permanent - 1,000 gallons or more. Cylinders - residential is usually 1 pound or less. What is an incendive arc? - ✔️An arc with enough heat energy and time to be a competent ignition source Describe different kinds of damage to electrical systems. - ✔️Short circuit / ground fault

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Arcing through carbonized path Overload Overheating connections What are some types of overcurrent protection? - ✔️Fuses Plug, Type S, time-delay, cartridge Circuit Breakers Main breakers GFCI (ground fault) AFCI (arc fault) Describe the two types of electrical service: - ✔️Single phase - residential - two 120V hot legs and one ground Three phase - commercial - 480, 240, 208V - three hot legs, one ground What is Ohm's law? - ✔️V=IR What different types of detection systems are there? - ✔️Smoke, flame, heat, gas What types or alarm initiating systems are there? - ✔️Local Auxillary Remote Proprietary Central Station What do the different classes of standpipes mean? - ✔️Type I - 2 1/2 Inch Type II - 1 1/2 inch Type III - Combined - 2 1/2 plus 1 1/2 what are the special types of fire extinguishing agents? - ✔️Dry chemical Wet chemical Halon CO Foam Gaseous agent What are the different types of sprinkler systems? - ✔️Wet pipe Dry pipe

659 Study Questions and Answers

Latest 2023-2024|Graded A+

Pre-action Deluge Residential What are the five construction types? - ✔️Type I - Fire resistive Type II - Non combustible Type III - Ordinary Type IV - Heavy timber Type V - Wood frame What is the difference between platform and balloon frame? - ✔️PLatform has each level built as a seperate platform. Ballon frame builds wall studs from the foundation to the roof. What factors influence fire pattern generation? - ✔️Fire Plume Ventilation Hot gas layer Full room involvement Suppression What are some common fire affects? - ✔️Char Spalling Oxidation Color changes Melting Soot Clean burn Calcination Crazing Collapsed furniture springs Rainbow affect Explain counterflow VS concurrent flame spread: - ✔️Counterflow - counter to the air flow Concurrent - moving with the air flow Explain the thermal structure of a flame: - ✔️Continuously flaming region: Lower half Intermittantly flaming region: Upper half Plume: Above the flame Name the three types of heat transfer: - ✔️Convection