Fisdap Airway Exam Questions and Answers: A Comprehensive Guide for 2024/2025, Exams of Nursing

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Fisdap Airway Exam Questions

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2024/

Normal Respiratory Rate for infants 30 - 60 breaths/min Normal Respiratory Rate for children 15 - 30 breaths/min Normal Respiratory Rate for adults 12 - 20 breaths/min Normal pulse rate for infants (0-5) 100 - 160 Normal pulse rate for children (5-10) 70 - 120 Normal pulse rate for adults (10+) 60 - 100 Life support chain all cells require oxygen, nutrients, and waste removal The ABCs

airway, breathing, circulation Nasopharynx region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate Nasal Air Passage A channel for airflow through the nose. The walls of the nasal passages are coated with respiratory mucous membranes, which contain innumerable tiny hair-like cells that move waves of mucus toward the throat. Pharynx throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx oropharynx central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis mouth uvula, tongue, gingiva, nasal cavity, hard palette, soft palette, entrance to auditory tube, upper lip, hyoid bone Eppiglottis small flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract; common sight for airway obstruction, cricoid cartilage (Sellick's Maneuver) Larynx voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords trachea Allows air to pass to and from lungs bronchioles smallest branches of the bronchi main bronchus branches to each lung from the trachea alveoli "leaves on the branches", what takes in the oxygen and other gases when you breathe, people who smoke clog them up, where air exchange happens

Hypoxia/Hypoxic lack of oxygen, tells body to breathe faster, your brain doesn't work well when in this state; common with anxiety/panic attacks, if you get too _______ you pass out Within 0-1 minutes of gas exchange stopping... cardiac irritability Within 1-4 minutes of gas exchange stopping... brain damage not likely Within 4-6 minutes of gas exchange stopping... brain damage possible Within 6-10 minutes of gas exchange stopping... brain damage very likely Within 10+ minutes of gas exchange stopping... irreversible brain damage agonal respirations Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths; sometimes seen in dying patients. Cheyne-Stokes respiration pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea ataxic respirations Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern. Kussmaul respirations Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body. If someone has a suspected or known head injury, use... jaw thrust OPA looks like a Shepard's hook, goes in mouth, can't use on conscious patients NPA

tubes with flared out ends, goes in right nostril Suction time for adults 15 seconds Suction time for children 10 seconds Suction time for infants 5 seconds oxygen tank don't drop them, don't throw them, don't run them over, don't stand them straight up, keep one hand on them at all times Non Rebreather Mask little mask with tube and baggie, contained air that circulates, high flow oxygen, for patients in severe distress NRM flow rate and oxygen delivery 10 - 15 LPM, 90% oxygen delivery Nasal Cannulas goes in your nose, for low flow oxygen, for long term use Nasal cannula flow rate and oxygen delivery 2 - 6 LPM, 24-44% oxygen delivery; for high flow 15LPM when a patient's airway is not good or if they need their brain hyper-oxygenated BVM oval like bag with mouth cover, used when patient is not breathing actively or regularly on their own, can be used on both conscious and unconscious patients Breath rate for BVM should be one breath every six seconds or 10 breaths per minute CPAP triangle mouth piece with tube for oxygen, forces air into patient. if a patient is altered in any way they can NOT use this, best for when lungs are filled up with fluid

CPAP indications pulse ox is lower than 90% CPAP contradictions patient in respiratory arrest, pneumothorax or chest trauma, tracheostomy, active gastrointestinal bleeding, or unable to follow verbal commands Cushing's Triad high blood pressure, bradycardia, and irregular, fast breathing If a patient is critical or unstable check their vitals every... 5 minutes If a patient is stable check their vitals every... 15 minutes BERPS Blood pressure Eyes Respiration Pulse Skin "Normal" Blood Pressure for infants 50 - 95 systolic "Normal" Blood Pressure for children 80 - 110 systolic "Normal" blood pressure for adults 90 - 140 systolic what should you always ask when taking someone's blood pressure? if they have hypertension (naturally higher blood pressure) or hypotension (naturally lower blood pressure) PEARRL pupils equal and round, regular in size, react to light

Dilated eyes signify cardiac arrest or drug use Constricted eyes signify central nervous system disorder or drug use Unequal eyes signify stroke, head injury, artificial eye, or trauma Nonreactive eyes signify cardiac arrest, brain injury, eye drops, intoxication, or overdose Best places to take a pulse

1. wrist (radial)
2. Neck (choroid) *go straight here if patient is unconscious)
3. femoral
4. posterior tibial
5. dorsalis pedis white skin blood loss, shock, anemic, heart attack, fright, syncope, emotional distress blue-grey skin inadequate oxygen, inadequate respiration, heart attack red skin carbon monoxide poisoning, heat exposure yellow skin liver disease grey-blue skin shock, cold, vascular issues hot skin fever, heat exposure cool skin shock, cold exposure

cold skin Cold exposure, hypothermia/frostbite, profound shock wet, moist skin Shock, heat emergency, diabetic emergency abnormally dry skin Spinal injury, dehydration, heat stroke, poisoning, hypothyroidism SAMPLE S: sign/symptom A: allergies M: medication P: past medical history L: last oral intake E: events leading to injury or illness OPQRSTi Onset Provocation Quality Radiation Severity Time Interventions Dyspnea shortness of breath or difficulty breathing Diphtheria acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium, mucus can block airway pneumonia An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

RSV

common in young children, infection in lungs and passage (causes swelling, fill with mucus), look for dehydration, treat airway and breathing problems, humidified oxygen Pertussis (whooping cough) airborne bacterial infection, highly contagious, violent coughing, deep breaths, common in children TB bacterial infection, can remain inactive, causes fever, coughing, fatigue and night sweats protect yourself with PPE!! Pulmonary edema abnormal fluid in alveoli, caused by heart failure, drowning feeling, gurgling lungs, frothy and bloody cough COPD caused by chronic bronchial obstruction, usually caused by asthma or smoking Wet vs. dry lungs wet= pulmonary edema (crackling) dry= COPD Asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis signs/symptoms: wheezing, pulse norm to high, rapid respirations, high blood pressure reaction to allergen pleural effusion causes=COPD, cancer, etc. fluid outside the lungs, compressed lung and causes dyspena sit them upright and make them comfortable Pulmonary embolism clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung signs and symptoms: dyspena, CF, coughing up blood, cyanosis, tachypnea, hypoxia, tachycardia Hyperventilation

ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs, can cause dizziness and numbness, often associated with anxiety or panic attacks Cystic fibrosis excess mucus, like gum in lungs environmental respiratory emergencies carbon monoxide, MSDS, patient may need to be decontaminated, listen to lung sounds, they need to go to the hospital, call hazmat team