FISDAP Airway Exam Review Questions and Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

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EMT FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM REVIEW

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024

UPDATED GRADED A+

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - Solution chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs CHF (congestive heart failure) - Solution condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body PE (pulmonary embolism) - Solution A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood clot. Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, cough. Treated with blood thinners, or an embolectomy. Cystic fibrosis (CF) - Solution hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms Pneumothorax (PTX) - Solution an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space which can cause all or part of the lung to collapse Pneumonia (PNA) - Solution An inflammation of lung tissue, where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid, lung sound association is rales Pulmonary edema - Solution fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles usually caused by failure of the heart to pump enough blood to and from lungs, found in patients with a hx of cardiac disease, check for a tachypneic, diaphoretic patient , check for rales on auscultation chronic bronchtis - Solution Inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes Emphysema - Solution a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. Hyperventilation syndrome - Solution usually severe agitiation, anxiety or fright, hyperventilation, progressive signs and symptoms of alkalosis, (light

headedness dizziness, numbness, feeling of tightness, muscle twitching, carpal-pedal spasms, tetany, seizures, loss of consciousness peripheral circulation - Solution blood outside the central circulation, blood supply for the extremities, consist of veins and arteries

• Central circulation - Solution blood in the heart and in the pulmonary circulation Epiglottitis - Solution A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) - Solution a viral infection that causes swelling of the larynx and epiglottis; a barking noise is characteristic when do you perform rescue breathing? - Solution When a person collapses and stops breathing Ventilation (adult) - Solution 10 ventilations per minute, 6-8 ml in mechanical ventilation Ventilation rate of Pediatric Patients - Solution 20-30 breaths per minute ventilation rate of an infant - Solution 1 breath every 6-8 seconds Normal respiratory rate (adult) - Solution 12-16 breaths per minute Normal respiratory rate (pediatrics) - Solution 20-30 breaths per minute Normal respiratory rate (infant) - Solution 20-30 breaths per minute Breathing assessment - Solution respiration rate rhythm, regular or irregular quality/character of breathing depth of breathing quality of breathing - Solution regular, irregular, labored, gasping, wheezing partial stoma - Solution

complete stoma - Solution proper ventilation of a stoma - Solution seal the mouth and nose with one hand, provide BVM and look for equal chest rise humidified oxygen - Solution Oxygen forced through distilled water and collected into the tubing; the oxygen now contains water vapour and is less irritating to delicate mucous membranes compared with plain oxygen Suction Catheter Size - Solution - 8 to 12 fr (thin secretion)

• 14 to 16 fr (tenacious or thick secretion) suction catheter - Solution A hollow, cylindrical device used to remove fluid from the patient's airway. How to properly measure an OPA - Solution From ear lobe to corner of mouth Indications for an OPA - Solution risk of airway obstruction due to relaxed upper airway muscles or blockage of the airway by the tongue. Contraindications for an OPA - Solution conscious patient with an intact gag reflex Proper suctioning techniques - Solution 1. Check portable suction machine 2.) connect tubing to machine including suction 3.) Make sure there are no blockages in the suction tubing 4.) Suction airway in circular motion until all vomitus, blood etc is removed Lower airway obstruction sounds - Solution wheezing Upper airway obstruction sounds - Solution stridor most common airway obstruction - Solution the patient's tongue Techniques to Open the Airway - Solution Head tilt/chin lift, jaw thrust maneuver

Head tilt chin lift - Solution Relieves airway obstruction in an unresponsive victim jaw-thrust maneuver - Solution A technique used to open the airway of a trauma patient with possible neck or spine injury FBAO management: child - Solution Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich) until object expelled or child unconscious FBAO management: Adult - Solution Stand behind patient put both arms around the upper abdomen and clench one fist Grasp it with the other hand and pull sharply inward and upwards alternate between 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts FBAO on Responsive Infant - Solution DO NOT PERFORM HEIMLICH ON INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE.

1. Support head and neck, lay infant face down on your forearm and lower arm to leg.
2. Administer five firm back blows between shoulder blades with heel of hand.
3. With continued support, roll baby face up.
4. Firmly give five chest thrusts on infant's sternum, between nipple line.
5. Repeat steps until object is removed or infant goes unconscious. What to do if dentures are loose - Solution remove the dentures Proper ventilator technique for two person rescue and BVM - Solution one rescuer can deliver the recommended tidal volume by squeezing the bag while the second rescuer can use both hands to provide an effective mask seal on the patient's face. Assisted ventilation - Solution mechanical means are used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing Appropriate oxygen delivery devices - Solution Bag valve mask, non rebreather, nasal cannula, CPAP, BiPAP Bag valve mask - Solution 100% oxygen, 1.5 liters of oxygen per breath

if SpO2 is less than 94% - Solution poor gas exchange (hypoxia), give supplementary oxygen Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange at the alveolar level - Solution Inhaled oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli. Oxygen enters the body to get to the lungs - Solution Oxygen enters the lungs through inhalation (air is moistened through the nares) then passes through the alveoli into the blood active inhalation - Solution muscular process through which lung-thorax unit is dilated Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract phrenic nerve - Solution innervates the diaphragm Dyspnea - Solution difficult or labored breathing apnea - Solution temporary cessation of breathing See Saw Respirations - Solution chest and abdominal muscles alternately contract larygnectomy - Solution excision of the larynx tracheostomy - Solution creation of an artificial opening into the trachea Beta 1 receptors - Solution - (1) Heart, kidneys -Increase BP and HR, increase renin secretions (reabsorbs water and decreases BP) -Drugs: Isoprotekenol. Selective: Dobutamine, xamoterol Beta 2 receptors - Solution Effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages, vasodilation in muscle and liver, relaxation of uterine muscle, and release of insulin. They are primarily used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disorders, such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

sympathetic nervous system - Solution the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations parasympathetic nervous system - Solution the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy Rescue inhalant medications - Solution quick-relief, short-acting beta2- agonists used during periods of acute symptoms and exacerbations (albuterol, symbacort) Proper administration of inhaled beta2 - Solution Remove the cap from the MDI and chamber Insert the MDI into the open end of the chamber Place the mouthpiece of the chamber between the teeth and seal the lips tightly Breathe out completely Press the canister once Breathe in slowly and completely indications for albuterol - Solution Reactive airway disease, asthma, bronchospasms hypoxic drive - Solution A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases. complications of tracheostomy tubes - Solution subcutaneous emphysema, tube displacement, tube blockage, hemorrhage, trachea- esophogeal fistula, swallowing problems, granuloma formation, scarring Hyperventilation - Solution the condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths complications of hyperventilation - Solution LOC Pathophysiology of the upper and lower airway - Solution alpha receptors - Solution adrenergic receptors that are found in smooth muscles

beta receptors - Solution adrenergic receptors that are found in the heart, lungs, and vascular smooth muscle nocturnal dyspnea - Solution difficulty breathing at night pathophysiology of copd - Solution pathophysiology of CHF - Solution Administer respiratory medication - Solution Airway assessment - Solution Look (for the rise and fall of the chest), Listen (for the movement of air), Feel (for the air on cheek)