FISDAP EMT FINAL–JB LEARNING FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Health sciences

Download FISDAP EMT FINAL–JB LEARNING FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e FISDAP EMT FINAL–JB LEARNING FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW!!!|LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED PASS A ten month old female presents with a temperature of 105 F. You should Begin oral hydration protocol Remove her clothing Place cold packs in her armpits and groin Immerse her in warm water Place cold packs in her armpits and groin A thin 75 year old female on home oxygen presents in a tripod position with marked dyspnea, confusion, intercostal retractions, and mild cyanosis. Breath sounds are markedly decreased bilaterally. You suspect Acute asthma attack Toxic exposure Emphysema Pneumonia Emphysema An adult is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. You should Ventilate the patient via BVM 2 | P a g e Monitor vital signs and Sp02 level Apply high concentration oxygen via non-rebreather mask Assess lung sounds and perfusion Ventilate the patient via BVM A 23 year old has been getting gradually more disoriented and nauseous. HE is thirsty and complaining of abdominal pain. Vital signs are BP 130/90, P 110, R 24. You should suspect Drug overdose Food poisoning Influenza Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia A 13 year old male has a pencil impaled in his upper arm. You detect no radial pulse. You should Reposition the arm to return pulse Stabilize the pencil with a bulky dressing Apply a tourniquet Remove the pencil Reposition the arm to return pulse Your patient was eating when he suddenly grasped his throat. He cannot speak or cough. You should suspect Laryngeal spasms An allergic reaction Acute myocardial infarction Foreign body obstruction Foreign body obstruction Which method would be most appropriate when restraining a violent patient? 5 | P a g e Attempt to insert an oral airway Attempt insertion in the left nare A two year old patient is in respiratory distress. You detect wheezing respirations. You should suspect A foreign body obstruction Mucus fluid in the airway Croup An asthma attack An asthma attack An 86 year old male has a laceration on his forehead and complains of chest pain. He states that he fell and hit his head. Which of the following questions should you ask? "Do you take any medications?" "What happened just before you fell?" "Does your head hurt worse than your chest?" "Have you had chest pain before?" "What happened just before you fell?" While you are palpating the abdomen of a patient with abdominal pain, he tells you that he cannot breath. What should you do? Determine if the dyspnea worsens with the palpation Tell the patient to take several deep and slow breaths Reassess the patient's vital signs Reassess the patient's airway Reassess the patient's airway While attempting to ventilate your apneic patient, her chest does not rise. You should Insert an oropharyngeal airway. Reposition the airway and ventilate 6 | P a g e Ventilate more forcefully Perform a blind finger sweep Reposition the airway and ventilate Which of the following is a beneficial effect of nitroglycerin Dilates blood vessels Helps reduce clotting in coronary arteries Increase cerebral blood flow Improves blood pressure Dilates blood vessels For which of the following would an oropharyngeal airway be MOST appropriate? Semi-conscious 76 year old who is gasping for air Unresponsive five year old with a suspected airway obstruction 19 year old with a mandible fracture who is only responsive to pain Unresponsive five year old with a suspected airway obstruction A confused 22 year old male has a weak pulse of 122 and a distended abdomen. His skin is pale, cool, and clammy. What is the most likely cause? Bowel obstruction Insulin shock Internal bleeding Acute cholecystitis Internal bleeding A 73 year old male is experiencing chest pain and peripheral cyanosis. You should Begin active external warming Assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin 7 | P a g e Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 lpm Administer oxygen via nasal cannula at 4 lpm Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 lpm Your partner is performing mouth-to-mask ventilation when you notice the presence of increasing gastric distention. You should Decompress the stomach manually Immediately suction the oropharynx Manually reposition the airway Increase the depth of ventilations Manually reposition the airway You are treating an unresponsive victim with facial trauma. He has an avulsed check that is interfering with the airway and has gurgling respirations. You should Suction and remove the obstructing tissue Insert an oral airway Carefully attempt ventilation via BVM Insert a nasal airway and administer high flow oxygen Suction and remove the obstructing tissue A patient is unresponsive in a crashed vehicle that is pointing into the ditch. You should Attempt to open the door Ensure the vehicle is stable Break a side window Deflate the tires Ensure the vehicle is stable An occlusive dressing should be used to quickly seal any open wound to the Eye 10 | P a g e Complication of emphysema Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure You arrive on the scene of a patient in respiratory distress. The patient is thin and barrel-chested, with rhonchi and wheezing. He also exhibits purse lips and intercostal retraction. You should suspect his currently respiratory distress is caused by Emphysema Asthma CHF Bronchitis Emphysema An intoxicated patient responds to voice by moaning. You note vomit in his mouth. You should Turn the patient on his side Sweep the mouth Insert an oral airway Assess for breathing Turn the patient on his side You are on the scene of a stabbing when an unresponsive 25 year old male is bleeding severely. The assailant returns to the scene and is holding a knife. You should Retreat to a safe area Pull the patient to safety Ask the assailant to drop the knife Call law enforcement Retreat to a safe area Agonal respirations are characteristic of breathing seen in Allergic reaction 11 | P a g e Severe diabetic emergencies Impending respiratory arrest Emotionally disturbed patients Impending respiratory arrest An unconscious patient was found lying supine in a parking lot. You note a large bruise on a his upper- right abdominal quadrant. You should carefully monitor your patient for signs of Hypothermia Low blood sugar Infection Hypoperfusion Hypoperfusion A seven year old child has been ejected from a vehicle. You should Immobilize a long-spine board Request consent to treat Attempt to locate his parents Perform a rapid trauma assessment Perform a rapid trauma assessment Signs and symptoms of a nontraumatic brain injury may be similar to those of A burst eardrum Shock Spinal injury hypoglycemia hypoglycemia 23 year old male was in an motor vehicle crash and has an open abdominal injury with a protruding bowel. You should. Apply the PASG 12 | P a g e Apply a three-sided occlusive dressing Cover the bowel with moist dressings Cover the bowel with dry sterile gauze Cover the bowel with moist dressings An unresponsive child with facial trauma requires airway management. You should. Insert a nasal cannula Suction the airway Apply cervical collar Insert an oropharyngeal airway Suction the airway There are 12 survivors from a bridge collapse. They are ready for transportation to the hospital. Who will notify hospitals and coordinate patient allocations to those facilities? Transport officer Incident commander Staging officer Triage officer Incident commander A 64 year old diabetic is hypotensive during dialysis treatment. The most likely cause of his condition is Hypoglycemia Fluid loss Septic shock Heart failure Fluid loss A 24 year old female has large blisters on her forearm from exposure to drain cleaner. This burn would be classified as a 15 | P a g e Administer oxygen via mask A 14 year old female is making grunting sounds. These sounds are indicative of Cheyne-stokes An airway obstruction Diabetic ketoacidosis Respiratory distress Respiratory distress A three year old child developed a fever today. His mother states that he started shaking and turned blue for a short period of time. He is currently lethargic. You should suspect Shaken baby syndrome Hypoperfusion A spike in temperature An epileptic seizure And epileptic seizure Which of the following marks the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia? A head ache The onset of seizure Peripheral edema A bp of 220/140 The onset of seizure A 25 year old prisoner complains of difficulty breathing, chills, and cough. You should suspect Influenza Pneumonia Hiv 16 | P a g e Tuberculosis Pneumonia You have assisted a pt in self administering her epinephrine auto injector. You should expect Decreases heart rate Increased mucus production Decreased blood pressure Increased respiratory depth Decreased blood pressure A 55 year old male has just self administered his epipen. He now complains of chest tightness and shortness of breath. He believes that his tongue is swelling. Vital signs are BP 136/80, p 130, r 22. What should you do Transport rapidly and monitor vital signs Reassess skin and temp in five min Assist him in administering a second epi Obtain a complete history and physical exam Transport rapidly and monitor vital signs A man inhaled poison. After opening his airway, you should Administer activated charcoal Transport him to the nearest hospital Apply high concentrated oxygen Contact medical control Apply high concentrated oxygen A 16 year old male walked up to you after falling while rollerblading. He is agitated and states his hands and tongue are tingling. He takes fluoxetine. The most likely cause of his symptoms is Hypoxia 17 | P a g e An anxiety disorder A traumatic brain injury A spinal cord An anxiety disorder A 64 year old man suddenly became pulseless and apneic while watching tv. His wife informs you that he recently had bypass surgery. You should Perform CPR as with any other pt Perform CPR without chest compressions Call medical control before conducting CPR Contact the operating surgeon immediately Perform CPR as with any other pt A 45 year old male weighing 130 kg is having chest pain. He is on the fifth floor of an apartment building and the elevator is too small for your stretcher. You should move the pt by Performing a fore-and-aft carry Using a Bradford cot Having the pt walk Using the stair chair Using the stair chair A patient has hives, watering eyes, and mild wheezing. Vital signs are BP 102/60 P 110 and r 22. Which treatment should you provide during the initial assessment? Elevate the pt legs Administer high flow oxygen via bvm Manage the patient's airway Assist with the patients epinephrine auto injector Assist with the patients epinephrine auto injector 20 | P a g e Approach a side window and instruct him not to move Stand by until you have gained access Stand in front of the pt and instruct him not to move Your pt has cancer is obviously near death. A valid DNR is present. You should Immediately notify the medical examiner Attempt resuscitation if the pt appears to be visible Not withhold oxygen or other supportive care Ask the next of kin if they are sure about the decision not to resuscitate Not withhold oxygen or other supportive care A patient who is suffering from hypoglycemia would have skin that is Cold and clammy Warm and dry Warm and moist Cold and dry Cold and clammy A 50 year old pt has slow, shallow respirations with cool and clammy skin and cyanosis around her mouth. You should Assist her with prescribed bronchodilator Administer oxygen via nasal cannula Administer oxygen via non rebreather mask Ventilate via bvm Ventilate via bvm A 22 year old male with a history of asthma is experiencing shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Which o f the following is the MOST indicated Aspirin 21 | P a g e Epinephrine Nitro Albuterol Albuterol A 23 year old deaf man called for an ambulance. You need to determine why. You should Try speaking clearly so he can watch your lips Locate someone who knows sign language Perform a physical examination Request that an interpreter meet you at the hospital Perform a physical examination A 40 year old male is sweating and complains of mild chest discomfort and shortness of breath fifteen min after exercising. You should suspect Angina pectoris Exercise induced asthma Acute MI Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Angina pectoris A 34 year old female is found unconscious on a bathroom floor. She is apneic, has pinpoint pupils, and has a fresh puncture to her right forearm. She had multiple scars that form bluish streaks over the veins of the backs of both hands. You should suspect Domestic abuse Repeated suicide attempts A narcotic overdose A seizure disorder A narcotic overdose 22 | P a g e Your efforts to ventilate a pt with a bvm are not effective. You should Provide mouth to mouth ventilations Continue your efforts to ventilate the pt Switch to a non rebreather mask with supplemental oxygen Reposition the airway and ventilate again Reposition the airway and ventilate again Which of the following patients is most likely to be treated with a pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG)? A 45 year old woman whose pelvis and legs were pinned by a fallen tree for 30 min A 14 year old girl in cardiac arrest with multisystem trauma 18 year old man who struck his head while driving into a pool 53 year old man who was kicked in the chest by a horse and complains od dyspnea A 45 year old woman whose pelvis and legs were pinned by a fallen tree for 30 min An alert and oriented adult complaining of chest pain refuses transport against medical advice. You should Accept his right to refuse care and leave the scene Contact law enforcement for assistance Ask the family to convince the pt to be transported Restrain the pt and transport him by ambulance Ask the family to convince the pt to be transported A pt has a history of type one diabetes. Which of the following questions is most helpful for immediate treatment in the field? "When did you last eat?" "What type of oral hypoglycemic medication do you take?" "Are you feeling alert?" 25 | P a g e Baseline vital signs Airway Universal precations Breathing Airway A 92 year old female fell in the bathroom. She has large hematomas on the bridge of her nose and the side of her head. First responders report vital signs of BP 90/43, P 62, R 12. She is alert and denies neck pain or tenderness. Before transport, you should Obtain vital signs and review important finding with first responders Suction the airway and assist ventilations with oxygen via BVM Immobilize the patient with a C-collar and long spine board Perform a detailed physical exam and bandage her head Immobilize the patient with a C-collar and long spine board When you palpate a pulse you are feeling the Relaxation of both ventricles Relaxation of the atria Contraction of the left atrium Contraction of the left ventricle Contraction of the left ventricle In case of bee stings, you should Carefully cleanse the site of the sting Remove the stinger using tweezers Remove the stingers by gently scraping with the edge of a card Call medical control for orders to administer benadryl Remove the stingers by gently scraping with the edge of a card 26 | P a g e A patient was covered with a diluted bleach solution while washing the walls of the school gym. You should Rapidly transport and begin decontamination Instruct the patient to remove his clothing Leave the scene and return with protective equipment Have your partner call the hazmat team Instruct the patient to remove his clothing A man, sitting outside, was stung by a bee while drinking a soda. When you arrive, he is pale and complains of abdominal pain. Vital signs are BP 90/60, P110, R24 and wheezing. You should Begin treatment on-scene Move the patient indoors for treatment Call for air medical transport Take the patient to your ambulance Take the patient to your ambulance 27 | P a g e A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should: administer 15 g of activated charcoal. A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a ___________ tag during a mass-casualty incident yellow An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: requires CPR Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should: Provide emotional support to the mother Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as: knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect. Both areas of the pons are sued to: augment respiration during physical or emotional stress A transient ischemia attack (TIA) occurs when: a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: a loss of vascular tone Ketone production is the result of: fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable. A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: dermal layer A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: 100 beats/min 30 | P a g e A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he: is experiencing difficulty breathing. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the: urinary bladder. Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: AEMT It would be MOST appropriate from a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing: chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest. Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: toxic chemical inhalation Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the: somatic nervous system When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: respirations increase in rate and depth An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: the driver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent Most prehospital cardiac arrests occur as the result of: a cardiac dysrhythmia A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to of to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: assess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired. Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by: alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions You are transporting a 33 year-old male who has involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition 31 | P a g e with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: reassess his condition in 5 minutes. A functional disorder is a: physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality. Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include: lung tissue injury and gastric distention. A 74 year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4 mg tablets) before you arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modifications of the dosing of certain drugs. A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to: be alert for vomiting If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she: is in shock Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: prevents the aggregation of platelets A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: diaphoretic An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device 32 | P a g e A 17 year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As you partner is applying oxygen you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment A strangulated hernia is one that: loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. A critical function of the safety officer is to: stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger. After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: monitor her closely but recall that anxiery and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms A 39 year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality A portable oxygen cylinder should have a minimum capacity of ___________ of oxygen. 500 L Neurogenic shock occurs when: failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. head Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: a narcotic overdose 35 | P a g e rate and depth of breathing. A young male is unresponsive after overdosing on an opioid. He is not breathing and his pulse is weak. The EMT should immediately: ventilate with a BVM. A 40 year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an implanted pacemaker. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR. During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that: she is not in ventricular fibrillation. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: tachypnea and tingling in the extremities. A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: responsive to painful stimuli. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure. A 50 year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should: prepare for immediate transport. Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplement oxygen be administered? Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? 10 to 18 months At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: 44% 36 | P a g e Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing. A disease vector is defined as: any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they: are usually absorbed quickly into the body. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. A 40 year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: liver dysfunction In the eyes of the court, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates: inadequate patient care was administered. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: absent peripheral pulses. To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose? A confused 55 year-old male with tachycardia and pallor A 22 year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: place her in a left lateral recumbent position 37 | P a g e _________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment. Behavior The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are: between 11 and 16 years of age. After receiving online orders from medical control to preform a patient care intervention, you should: repeat the order to medical control word for word. In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: it ca continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: cool, clammy skin Functions of the liver include: secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances. According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: insert a peripheral intravenous catheter Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: increased surface area available for air exchange As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: mouth-to-mouth mask technique with a one way valve. Febrile seizures: are usually benign but should be evaluated. Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: drowsiness Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Chronic renal failure is a condition that: 40 | P a g e amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: apply direct pressure to the wound. _______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures. Hydrostatic A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: a detached retina A Patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a multiple casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless: there are enough resources to provide care for him or her. Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date: on the first day of her last menstrual cycle. The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the: brain stem. Acute coronary syndrome (ACD) is a term used to describe: a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: patella The cricoid cartilage: is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea. Airborne substances should be diluted with: oxygen A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: a wheel A 75 year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should: retreat and notify law enforcement personnel 41 | P a g e In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system: slows the heart and respiratory rates Symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricing include: fever and headache If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: provide ventilations for 30 seconds A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is: flushed and red Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation Botulinum is: a potent bacterial neurotoxin An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n): advanced EMT (AMET) At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that these are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contract the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain? brain stem A 51 year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: administer oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask In which of the following situations would a direct ground life be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain Abruptio placenta occurs when: the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: 42 | P a g e liver Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves: back slaps An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should: reposition the patient's airway An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6F (37C) A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: intranasal route Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: a relatively small surface area A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemia myocardium by: dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport be: an informed refusal A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: cardiogenic hypoperfusion A laceration: is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine funds and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurs because: these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction 45 | P a g e Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT: . elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation. When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be: . brief and easily understood. f an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report: it was not performed in the eyes of the law. Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and: chief complaint. The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the: medical director. Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication? . simplex According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk for exposure. which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure? An EMT gives the correct drug to a patient, although his protocols clearly state that he is not authorized to do so. B. Due to an improperly applied cervical collar, a patient's spinal injury is aggravated and he is permanently disabled. C. An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug. D. A patient is given nitroglycerin by an EMT who did not obtain proper authorization from medical control first. An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug. Correct 46 | P a g e Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct? It provides the EMT immunity from a lawsuit. B. The law does not protect EMTs who are off duty. C. It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence. D. It guarantees that the EMT will not be held liable if he or she is sued. it will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence. In which of the following situations does the EMT NOT have a legal duty to act? Choose one answer. A. a response to an injured patient while off duty B. a response to a motor vehicle crash while off duty C. Local policy requires you to assist in any emergency. D. a response to the residence of a patient who fell a response to a motor vehicle crash while off duty The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT: gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to: careless handling of sharps. When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest, and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should: begin resuscitation at once. After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should: draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it. What section of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel? protecting patient privacy 47 | P a g e Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT: important medical history not previously given. B. the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene. C. the chief complaint or mechanism of injury. D. the patient's response to treatment you provided. the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene. Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. B. using medical terminology to ensure the patient understands. C. positioning yourself at a level that is higher than the patient. D. withholding unpleasant information until arrival at the hospital. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. acknowledging a transmission as soon as possible. B. holding the microphone about 2" to 3" from your mouth. C. using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. D. speaking in a clear, calm, monotone voice. C. using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis? Choose one answer. A. Statistical data indicate that an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with a particular illness. B. The federal government requires that changes be made to existing emergency care protocols at least every 5 years. C. EMS providers should be encouraged to actively participate in research and become familiar with data analysis. D. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed. D. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed. While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner uses trite statements. The family members may view this as: Choose one answer. 50 | P a g e Inhalation occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. a respiratory infection. B. an overdose of aspirin. C. high blood glucose levels. D. a narcotic overdose. a narcotic overdose You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to: log roll him as a unit to a supine position. In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? alveoli Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of: stridor Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? A. larynx B. pharynx C. bronchus D. oropharynx C. bronchus In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion. 2 51 | P a g e Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. Distributive shock occurs when: widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. The two processes that occur during respiration are inspiration and expiration. Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct? Choose one answer. A. Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive. B. 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive. C. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals. D. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: . oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? Choose one answer. A. MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. B. The communicable period for MRSA is 10 days to 2 weeks after being infected. C. Studies have shown that less than 1% of health care providers are MRSA carriers. D. Most cases of MRSA transmission occur following an accidental needlestick. MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells. Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should 52 | P a g e attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia? A. pleural effusion B. pulmonary edema C. prolonged seizures D. severe anxiety D. severe anxiety Syphilis is a: bloodborne disease that can successfully be treated with penicillin Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? Choose one answer. A. hypotension B. wheezing C. pallor D. dizziness wheezing Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Choose one answer. A. substance abuse B. schizophrenia C. depression D. Alzheimer's disease A. substance abuse Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? Choose one answer. A. liver laceration B. repeated diarrhea C. severe vomiting D. excessive sweating 55 | P a g e fibrinogen when assessing arm movement of a suspected stroke, you should expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patients side hypoperfusion is another name for shock activated charcoal administration is contraindicated in patients who have ingested acids or alkalies anaphylaxis is mod accurately defines as an extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems what is not an assessment parameter included in the cincinati prehospital stroke scale memory what is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system? constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system, an absence seizure is also referred to as petit mal seizure which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure poisoning a raised swollen well defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bit or sting wheal status epileptics is characterized by prolonged seizures without return of consciousness a transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when the normal body process destroy a clot in a cerebral artery as woman approaches menopause her menstrul periods may become irregular and vary in severity a young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. as your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control obvious bleeding then assess for an exit wound 56 | P a g e the most significant risk factor for a hemorragic stroke is hypertension cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because there is not enough time between contractions for the heart to refill because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following sting it can continue to inject venom up to 20 mins your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an inmate. on arrival, you find the patient a 33 year old male lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only has a slow, shallow respirations. you should be most concerned that this patient may vomit and aspirate air bags are designed to decrease the severity of deceleration injuries functions of the liver include production of substances necessary for blood clotting the normal blood glucose level as measured by a glucometer is between 80 and 120 mg/dl epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when wheezing and hypotension are present sudden death following AMI is most often caused by ventricular fibirillation the head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the carotid arteries the purpose of defibrillation stop the chaotic,disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells your paramedic partne administers atropine to a 49 year old male with bradycardia. which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to have dry mucus membrane what organ would most likely bleed profusely if injured? liver in contrast to level 3 trauma center, a level 1 trauma center 57 | P a g e must have general surgeons on call 24/7 you respond to a 55 year old residence, female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approx 30 mins ago. the patient is conscious and alert but has diffuse uticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. as your partner applied oxygen. you should ask her if she has prescribed epi esophageal varicose most commonly occur in patients drink a lot of alcohol urticaria is the medical term for hives a patient with an altered mental status is not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and severely in children they do not always eat correctly and on schedule you arrive at the scene of a 33 year old woman who i experiencing a generalized seizure. she has a small amount of vomiyus draining from the side of her mouth. after protecting her from further injury. you should maintain her airway, suction her airway, insert nasopharyngerl airway. admin high flow o2 an important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to provide emotional support to the hospital pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is most suggestive of aortic aneurysm gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with hematemsis the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all the following areas(kidney abdomen legs) except the brain approx 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occurring during lateral collisions 60 | P a g e a generalized seizure is characterized by severe twitching of all body muscles PID typically does not affect the urinary bladder DTs is a syndrome associated with a withdraw from alchol common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include: dry cough, flushing of the skin and abdominal cramps but not__ drying of the eyes a fractured femur can result in the loss of__or more of blood 1 L an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient tylenol,will most likely cause liver failure the ability of cardiac muscle to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called automaticity heroin id an example of opiod common side effects of nitro include headache, bradycardia, hypotension except hypertension what is the function of the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs perfusion is most accurately defined as circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the bodes metabolic needs ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood you and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle aged man who collapsed 5 mins ago. he is unresponsive, apenic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present but have not provided any care. you should perform 5 cycles of cpm and apply the aed 61 | P a g e early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include pain and distention which of the following medication blocks the release of histamines a. albuterol(ventolin) b. diphenhydramine(benadryl) c. acetametaphen(tylenol) d. epi B a poison that enters the body by__is the most difficult to treat injection when caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecolgic emergency the emts main focus should be maintain abcs and transport without delay you respond to movie theater for a 70 year old male who is confused. he has type 2 diabetes and refuses to take his pills. he is diaphoretic tacky and tachypenic. initial management should include applying a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/m what vein is located inferior to the trunk saphenous the first indicator of non traumatic internal bleeding may be weakness or dizziness when evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car vs pedestrian you should first approximate the speed of the vehicle that souk the patient when using an auto inject, the primary inject site is the lateral portion of the thigh muscle control nd coordination are controlled by the cerebellum a dissecting aortic anerysm occurs when the inner layer of th aorta become separated when assessing an elderly patient who fell it is important to remember osteoporosis van cause a fracture that may have resulted from the fall the physical exam of sexual assault should limited to brief survey for life threatening events 62 | P a g e what about gonorrehea is correct painful urination is seen in both men and women you are dispatched to a 56 year old with ams, the patients wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before. he is semiconscious rapid and shallow respirations and therapy pulse you should begin ventilary assistance type 1 diabetes is a condition where the body makes no insulin the onset of menstruation(menarche) usually occurs when women are 11-16 what had the greatest impact on producing injury for a gunshot wound the speed of the bullet a 40 year old ale with 300 mg blood sugar. is semi conscious and breathing slowly and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. you should recognize the definitive treatment as insulin force acting over a distance defines the concept of work commons sign and symptoms of AMI include: irreg heartbeat unexplained sweating and dypsnea but NOT pain exacerbated by breathing how do fire ants bite? repeatedily the ability for a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss most related to how fast they bleed if a person stands near a building when it explodes, the will pst likely expiernce stomach rupture if one or more occupants in the same car are killed the emt should suspect that all living occupants have the same trauma signs of agitated delirium include diaphoresis tacky and hallucinations w whenever possible a female sexuale assault victim should be 65 | P a g e oral the primary function of the right atrium is to receive blood from the vena cava the vocal cords are located in the larynx the human body is at the optimal level at ages 19-25 LUQ Spleen stomach and a portion of the colon RUQ Liver gallbladder and portion of the colon RLQ Two portions of the large and small intestine, appendix LLQ The descending and sigmoid portions of the colon what do you do for labored, contstriction, or lack of tidal volume assist ventilations with BVM What do you do for acid in eyes irrigate, if contacts take them out Signs and Symptoms of tension pneumothorax progressive shortness of breath increased altered level of consciousness neck vein distention tracheal deviation What organ could be affected by trauma to the upper right quadrant liver flail chest is charcterized and defined by paradoxical motion 2 or more ribs broken in two or more places subcutaneous emphysema what is it and how to treat 66 | P a g e A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues. treat by positive pressure ventilations Daughter is power of attourney and wants father to recieve care, father is AxO x4 and does not want care Respect patient wishes because he is concious without altered mental status Open fracture and bleeding PPE gloves, mask, goggles What EMS statistic is needed to reduce speed limit in given area Fatalities and injuries that have happened on that stretch of road Triage color green ambulatory, yellow delayed red immediate black dead/ expectant you are treating a 300 pound male who cannot walk what should you do call for assistance triage in the cold zone Pedatric/ infant breath rate 18-30 Cardiac arrest in children is caused most likely by hypoxia, resp distress or failure Croup is characterized by hoarseness, "barking" cough, inspiratory stridor and varying degrees of respiratory distress resulting from swelling in or obstruction in the region near the larynx. Steps to treating bleeding first direct pressure then tourniquet is direct pressure does not stop the bleeding 67 | P a g e Signs and symptoms of meningitis fever, rash, stiff neck, altered mental status specifcally in infants: Swelling of fontanelles Apgar scale appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration when treating allergy primary concern is AIRWAY when to start chest compression on newborn pluse under 60 ruptured spleen in child bleeding and pain right upper quadrant Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder left upper quadrant liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas left lower quadrant Part of descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ovary and tube Left ureter Left spermatic cord right lower quadrant cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis Sudden onset, high fever "Hot-potato" voice Dysphagia, drooling No cough Prefers to sit upright, lean forward (tripod position) Appears toxic and stridulous when babies head appears out of vaginal canal check for nuhical cord 1 | P a g e FISDAP EMT FINAL–JB LEARNING FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW!!!|LATEST UPDATE|GUARANTEED PASS A ten month old female presents with a temperature of 105 F. You should Begin oral hydration protocol Remove her clothing Place cold packs in her armpits and groin Immerse her in warm water Place cold packs in her armpits and groin A thin 75 year old female on home oxygen presents in a tripod position with marked dyspnea, confusion, intercostal retractions, and mild cyanosis. Breath sounds are markedly decreased bilaterally. You suspect Acute asthma attack Toxic exposure Emphysema Pneumonia Emphysema An adult is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. You should Ventilate the patient via BVM 2 | P a g e Monitor vital signs and Sp02 level Apply high concentration oxygen via non-rebreather mask Assess lung sounds and perfusion Ventilate the patient via BVM A 23 year old has been getting gradually more disoriented and nauseous. HE is thirsty and complaining of abdominal pain. Vital signs are BP 130/90, P 110, R 24. You should suspect Drug overdose Food poisoning Influenza Hyperglycemia Hyperglycemia A 13 year old male has a pencil impaled in his upper arm. You detect no radial pulse. You should Reposition the arm to return pulse Stabilize the pencil with a bulky dressing Apply a tourniquet Remove the pencil Reposition the arm to return pulse Your patient was eating when he suddenly grasped his throat. He cannot speak or cough. You should suspect Laryngeal spasms An allergic reaction Acute myocardial infarction Foreign body obstruction Foreign body obstruction Which method would be most appropriate when restraining a violent patient? 5 | P a g e Attempt to insert an oral airway Attempt insertion in the left nare A two year old patient is in respiratory distress. You detect wheezing respirations. You should suspect A foreign body obstruction Mucus fluid in the airway Croup An asthma attack An asthma attack An 86 year old male has a laceration on his forehead and complains of chest pain. He states that he fell and hit his head. Which of the following questions should you ask? "Do you take any medications?" "What happened just before you fell?" "Does your head hurt worse than your chest?" "Have you had chest pain before?" "What happened just before you fell?" While you are palpating the abdomen of a patient with abdominal pain, he tells you that he cannot breath. What should you do? Determine if the dyspnea worsens with the palpation Tell the patient to take several deep and slow breaths Reassess the patient's vital signs Reassess the patient's airway Reassess the patient's airway While attempting to ventilate your apneic patient, her chest does not rise. You should Insert an oropharyngeal airway. Reposition the airway and ventilate 6 | P a g e Ventilate more forcefully Perform a blind finger sweep Reposition the airway and ventilate Which of the following is a beneficial effect of nitroglycerin Dilates blood vessels Helps reduce clotting in coronary arteries Increase cerebral blood flow Improves blood pressure Dilates blood vessels For which of the following would an oropharyngeal airway be MOST appropriate? Semi-conscious 76 year old who is gasping for air Unresponsive five year old with a suspected airway obstruction 19 year old with a mandible fracture who is only responsive to pain Unresponsive five year old with a suspected airway obstruction A confused 22 year old male has a weak pulse of 122 and a distended abdomen. His skin is pale, cool, and clammy. What is the most likely cause? Bowel obstruction Insulin shock Internal bleeding Acute cholecystitis Internal bleeding A 73 year old male is experiencing chest pain and peripheral cyanosis. You should Begin active external warming Assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin 7 | P a g e Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 lpm Administer oxygen via nasal cannula at 4 lpm Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask at 15 lpm Your partner is performing mouth-to-mask ventilation when you notice the presence of increasing gastric distention. You should Decompress the stomach manually Immediately suction the oropharynx Manually reposition the airway Increase the depth of ventilations Manually reposition the airway You are treating an unresponsive victim with facial trauma. He has an avulsed check that is interfering with the airway and has gurgling respirations. You should Suction and remove the obstructing tissue Insert an oral airway Carefully attempt ventilation via BVM Insert a nasal airway and administer high flow oxygen Suction and remove the obstructing tissue A patient is unresponsive in a crashed vehicle that is pointing into the ditch. You should Attempt to open the door Ensure the vehicle is stable Break a side window Deflate the tires Ensure the vehicle is stable An occlusive dressing should be used to quickly seal any open wound to the Eye 10 | P a g e Complication of emphysema Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure You arrive on the scene of a patient in respiratory distress. The patient is thin and barrel-chested, with rhonchi and wheezing. He also exhibits purse lips and intercostal retraction. You should suspect his currently respiratory distress is caused by Emphysema Asthma CHF Bronchitis Emphysema An intoxicated patient responds to voice by moaning. You note vomit in his mouth. You should Turn the patient on his side Sweep the mouth Insert an oral airway Assess for breathing Turn the patient on his side You are on the scene of a stabbing when an unresponsive 25 year old male is bleeding severely. The assailant returns to the scene and is holding a knife. You should Retreat to a safe area Pull the patient to safety Ask the assailant to drop the knife Call law enforcement Retreat to a safe area Agonal respirations are characteristic of breathing seen in Allergic reaction 11 | P a g e Severe diabetic emergencies Impending respiratory arrest Emotionally disturbed patients Impending respiratory arrest An unconscious patient was found lying supine in a parking lot. You note a large bruise on a his upper- right abdominal quadrant. You should carefully monitor your patient for signs of Hypothermia Low blood sugar Infection Hypoperfusion Hypoperfusion A seven year old child has been ejected from a vehicle. You should Immobilize a long-spine board Request consent to treat Attempt to locate his parents Perform a rapid trauma assessment Perform a rapid trauma assessment Signs and symptoms of a nontraumatic brain injury may be similar to those of A burst eardrum Shock Spinal injury hypoglycemia hypoglycemia 23 year old male was in an motor vehicle crash and has an open abdominal injury with a protruding bowel. You should. Apply the PASG 12 | P a g e Apply a three-sided occlusive dressing Cover the bowel with moist dressings Cover the bowel with dry sterile gauze Cover the bowel with moist dressings An unresponsive child with facial trauma requires airway management. You should. Insert a nasal cannula Suction the airway Apply cervical collar Insert an oropharyngeal airway Suction the airway There are 12 survivors from a bridge collapse. They are ready for transportation to the hospital. Who will notify hospitals and coordinate patient allocations to those facilities? Transport officer Incident commander Staging officer Triage officer Incident commander A 64 year old diabetic is hypotensive during dialysis treatment. The most likely cause of his condition is Hypoglycemia Fluid loss Septic shock Heart failure Fluid loss A 24 year old female has large blisters on her forearm from exposure to drain cleaner. This burn would be classified as a 15 | P a g e Administer oxygen via mask A 14 year old female is making grunting sounds. These sounds are indicative of Cheyne-stokes An airway obstruction Diabetic ketoacidosis Respiratory distress Respiratory distress A three year old child developed a fever today. His mother states that he started shaking and turned blue for a short period of time. He is currently lethargic. You should suspect Shaken baby syndrome Hypoperfusion A spike in temperature An epileptic seizure And epileptic seizure Which of the following marks the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia? A head ache The onset of seizure Peripheral edema A bp of 220/140 The onset of seizure A 25 year old prisoner complains of difficulty breathing, chills, and cough. You should suspect Influenza Pneumonia Hiv 16 | P a g e Tuberculosis Pneumonia You have assisted a pt in self administering her epinephrine auto injector. You should expect Decreases heart rate Increased mucus production Decreased blood pressure Increased respiratory depth Decreased blood pressure A 55 year old male has just self administered his epipen. He now complains of chest tightness and shortness of breath. He believes that his tongue is swelling. Vital signs are BP 136/80, p 130, r 22. What should you do Transport rapidly and monitor vital signs Reassess skin and temp in five min Assist him in administering a second epi Obtain a complete history and physical exam Transport rapidly and monitor vital signs A man inhaled poison. After opening his airway, you should Administer activated charcoal Transport him to the nearest hospital Apply high concentrated oxygen Contact medical control Apply high concentrated oxygen A 16 year old male walked up to you after falling while rollerblading. He is agitated and states his hands and tongue are tingling. He takes fluoxetine. The most likely cause of his symptoms is Hypoxia 17 | P a g e An anxiety disorder A traumatic brain injury A spinal cord An anxiety disorder A 64 year old man suddenly became pulseless and apneic while watching tv. His wife informs you that he recently had bypass surgery. You should Perform CPR as with any other pt Perform CPR without chest compressions Call medical control before conducting CPR Contact the operating surgeon immediately Perform CPR as with any other pt A 45 year old male weighing 130 kg is having chest pain. He is on the fifth floor of an apartment building and the elevator is too small for your stretcher. You should move the pt by Performing a fore-and-aft carry Using a Bradford cot Having the pt walk Using the stair chair Using the stair chair A patient has hives, watering eyes, and mild wheezing. Vital signs are BP 102/60 P 110 and r 22. Which treatment should you provide during the initial assessment? Elevate the pt legs Administer high flow oxygen via bvm Manage the patient's airway Assist with the patients epinephrine auto injector Assist with the patients epinephrine auto injector 20 | P a g e Approach a side window and instruct him not to move Stand by until you have gained access Stand in front of the pt and instruct him not to move Your pt has cancer is obviously near death. A valid DNR is present. You should Immediately notify the medical examiner Attempt resuscitation if the pt appears to be visible Not withhold oxygen or other supportive care Ask the next of kin if they are sure about the decision not to resuscitate Not withhold oxygen or other supportive care A patient who is suffering from hypoglycemia would have skin that is Cold and clammy Warm and dry Warm and moist Cold and dry Cold and clammy A 50 year old pt has slow, shallow respirations with cool and clammy skin and cyanosis around her mouth. You should Assist her with prescribed bronchodilator Administer oxygen via nasal cannula Administer oxygen via non rebreather mask Ventilate via bvm Ventilate via bvm A 22 year old male with a history of asthma is experiencing shortness of breath, wheezing and chest tightness. Which o f the following is the MOST indicated Aspirin 21 | P a g e Epinephrine Nitro Albuterol Albuterol A 23 year old deaf man called for an ambulance. You need to determine why. You should Try speaking clearly so he can watch your lips Locate someone who knows sign language Perform a physical examination Request that an interpreter meet you at the hospital Perform a physical examination A 40 year old male is sweating and complains of mild chest discomfort and shortness of breath fifteen min after exercising. You should suspect Angina pectoris Exercise induced asthma Acute MI Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Angina pectoris A 34 year old female is found unconscious on a bathroom floor. She is apneic, has pinpoint pupils, and has a fresh puncture to her right forearm. She had multiple scars that form bluish streaks over the veins of the backs of both hands. You should suspect Domestic abuse Repeated suicide attempts A narcotic overdose A seizure disorder A narcotic overdose 22 | P a g e Your efforts to ventilate a pt with a bvm are not effective. You should Provide mouth to mouth ventilations Continue your efforts to ventilate the pt Switch to a non rebreather mask with supplemental oxygen Reposition the airway and ventilate again Reposition the airway and ventilate again Which of the following patients is most likely to be treated with a pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG)? A 45 year old woman whose pelvis and legs were pinned by a fallen tree for 30 min A 14 year old girl in cardiac arrest with multisystem trauma 18 year old man who struck his head while driving into a pool 53 year old man who was kicked in the chest by a horse and complains od dyspnea A 45 year old woman whose pelvis and legs were pinned by a fallen tree for 30 min An alert and oriented adult complaining of chest pain refuses transport against medical advice. You should Accept his right to refuse care and leave the scene Contact law enforcement for assistance Ask the family to convince the pt to be transported Restrain the pt and transport him by ambulance Ask the family to convince the pt to be transported A pt has a history of type one diabetes. Which of the following questions is most helpful for immediate treatment in the field? "When did you last eat?" "What type of oral hypoglycemic medication do you take?" "Are you feeling alert?" 25 | P a g e Baseline vital signs Airway Universal precations Breathing Airway A 92 year old female fell in the bathroom. She has large hematomas on the bridge of her nose and the side of her head. First responders report vital signs of BP 90/43, P 62, R 12. She is alert and denies neck pain or tenderness. Before transport, you should Obtain vital signs and review important finding with first responders Suction the airway and assist ventilations with oxygen via BVM Immobilize the patient with a C-collar and long spine board Perform a detailed physical exam and bandage her head Immobilize the patient with a C-collar and long spine board When you palpate a pulse you are feeling the Relaxation of both ventricles Relaxation of the atria Contraction of the left atrium Contraction of the left ventricle Contraction of the left ventricle In case of bee stings, you should Carefully cleanse the site of the sting Remove the stinger using tweezers Remove the stingers by gently scraping with the edge of a card Call medical control for orders to administer benadryl Remove the stingers by gently scraping with the edge of a card 26 | P a g e A patient was covered with a diluted bleach solution while washing the walls of the school gym. You should Rapidly transport and begin decontamination Instruct the patient to remove his clothing Leave the scene and return with protective equipment Have your partner call the hazmat team Instruct the patient to remove his clothing A man, sitting outside, was stung by a bee while drinking a soda. When you arrive, he is pale and complains of abdominal pain. Vital signs are BP 90/60, P110, R24 and wheezing. You should Begin treatment on-scene Move the patient indoors for treatment Call for air medical transport Take the patient to your ambulance Take the patient to your ambulance 27 | P a g e A 4-year-old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should: administer 15 g of activated charcoal. A patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a ___________ tag during a mass-casualty incident yellow An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: requires CPR Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should: Provide emotional support to the mother Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as: knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect. Both areas of the pons are sued to: augment respiration during physical or emotional stress A transient ischemia attack (TIA) occurs when: a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms. A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: a loss of vascular tone Ketone production is the result of: fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable. A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: dermal layer A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should: avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye. At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed: 100 beats/min 30 | P a g e A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he: is experiencing difficulty breathing. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) typically does NOT affect the: urinary bladder. Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: AEMT It would be MOST appropriate from a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing: chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest. Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of: toxic chemical inhalation Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the: somatic nervous system When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: respirations increase in rate and depth An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: the driver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent Most prehospital cardiac arrests occur as the result of: a cardiac dysrhythmia A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to of to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should: assess whether the patient's mental condition is impaired. Braxton-Hicks contractions are characterized by: alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions You are transporting a 33 year-old male who has involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition 31 | P a g e with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: reassess his condition in 5 minutes. A functional disorder is a: physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality. Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include: lung tissue injury and gastric distention. A 74 year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4 mg tablets) before you arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modifications of the dosing of certain drugs. A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to: be alert for vomiting If a woman with vaginal bleeding reports syncope, the EMT must assume that she: is in shock Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: prevents the aggregation of platelets A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being: diaphoretic An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device 32 | P a g e A 17 year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As you partner is applying oxygen you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment A strangulated hernia is one that: loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues. A critical function of the safety officer is to: stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger. After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should: monitor her closely but recall that anxiery and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine Bacterial vaginosis is a condition that occurs when: normal bacteria in the vagina are replaced by an overgrowth of other bacterial forms A 39 year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing. General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include: using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality A portable oxygen cylinder should have a minimum capacity of ___________ of oxygen. 500 L Neurogenic shock occurs when: failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss. head Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: a narcotic overdose 35 | P a g e rate and depth of breathing. A young male is unresponsive after overdosing on an opioid. He is not breathing and his pulse is weak. The EMT should immediately: ventilate with a BVM. A 40 year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an implanted pacemaker. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do? Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR. During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that: she is not in ventricular fibrillation. A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when: a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: tachypnea and tingling in the extremities. A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: responsive to painful stimuli. According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure. A 50 year-old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen, you should: prepare for immediate transport. Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplement oxygen be administered? Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? 10 to 18 months At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: 44% 36 | P a g e Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing. A disease vector is defined as: any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they: are usually absorbed quickly into the body. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. A 40 year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: liver dysfunction In the eyes of the court, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates: inadequate patient care was administered. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: absent peripheral pulses. To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose? A confused 55 year-old male with tachycardia and pallor A 22 year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unconscious and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should: open the patient's airway and assess his respirations. A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. A 33-year-old woman who is 36 weeks pregnant is experiencing vaginal bleeding. During transport, you note that she suddenly becomes diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should: place her in a left lateral recumbent position 37 | P a g e _________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment. Behavior The onset of menstruation usually occurs in women who are: between 11 and 16 years of age. After receiving online orders from medical control to preform a patient care intervention, you should: repeat the order to medical control word for word. In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting: it ca continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes. Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include: cool, clammy skin Functions of the liver include: secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances. According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to: insert a peripheral intravenous catheter Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: increased surface area available for air exchange As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: mouth-to-mouth mask technique with a one way valve. Febrile seizures: are usually benign but should be evaluated. Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT: drowsiness Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. Chronic renal failure is a condition that: 40 | P a g e amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: apply direct pressure to the wound. _______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures. Hydrostatic A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced: a detached retina A Patient in respiratory arrest at the scene of a multiple casualty incident would typically be classified as a fourth priority (black tag; expectant) patient, unless: there are enough resources to provide care for him or her. Most medical models base a pregnant woman's due date: on the first day of her last menstrual cycle. The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the: brain stem. Acute coronary syndrome (ACD) is a term used to describe: a group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the: patella The cricoid cartilage: is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea. Airborne substances should be diluted with: oxygen A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called: a wheel A 75 year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should: retreat and notify law enforcement personnel 41 | P a g e In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system: slows the heart and respiratory rates Symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricing include: fever and headache If a newborn's heart rate is less than 60 beats/min following delivery, you should: provide ventilations for 30 seconds A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is: flushed and red Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation Botulinum is: a potent bacterial neurotoxin An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n): advanced EMT (AMET) At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that these are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contract the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain? brain stem A 51 year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: administer oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask In which of the following situations would a direct ground life be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain Abruptio placenta occurs when: the placenta prematurely separates from the uterine wall. Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: 42 | P a g e liver Initial treatment to dislodge a severe foreign body airway obstruction in a responsive infant involves: back slaps An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible If gastric distention begins to make positive-pressure ventilation difficult, you should: reposition the patient's airway An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6F (37C) A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: intranasal route Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: a relatively small surface area A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemia myocardium by: dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because: waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport be: an informed refusal A 56-year-old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: cardiogenic hypoperfusion A laceration: is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. Following delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine funds and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurs because: these actions simulate the production of oxytocin and cause uterine contraction 45 | P a g e Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT: . elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation. When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be: . brief and easily understood. f an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report: it was not performed in the eyes of the law. Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and: chief complaint. The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the: medical director. Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication? . simplex According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must: offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk for exposure. which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure? An EMT gives the correct drug to a patient, although his protocols clearly state that he is not authorized to do so. B. Due to an improperly applied cervical collar, a patient's spinal injury is aggravated and he is permanently disabled. C. An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug. D. A patient is given nitroglycerin by an EMT who did not obtain proper authorization from medical control first. An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug. Correct 46 | P a g e Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct? It provides the EMT immunity from a lawsuit. B. The law does not protect EMTs who are off duty. C. It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence. D. It guarantees that the EMT will not be held liable if he or she is sued. it will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence. In which of the following situations does the EMT NOT have a legal duty to act? Choose one answer. A. a response to an injured patient while off duty B. a response to a motor vehicle crash while off duty C. Local policy requires you to assist in any emergency. D. a response to the residence of a patient who fell a response to a motor vehicle crash while off duty The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT: gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to: careless handling of sharps. When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest, and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should: begin resuscitation at once. After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should: draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it. What section of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel? protecting patient privacy 47 | P a g e Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT: important medical history not previously given. B. the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene. C. the chief complaint or mechanism of injury. D. the patient's response to treatment you provided. the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene. Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. B. using medical terminology to ensure the patient understands. C. positioning yourself at a level that is higher than the patient. D. withholding unpleasant information until arrival at the hospital. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. acknowledging a transmission as soon as possible. B. holding the microphone about 2" to 3" from your mouth. C. using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. D. speaking in a clear, calm, monotone voice. C. using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis? Choose one answer. A. Statistical data indicate that an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with a particular illness. B. The federal government requires that changes be made to existing emergency care protocols at least every 5 years. C. EMS providers should be encouraged to actively participate in research and become familiar with data analysis. D. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed. D. Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed. While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner uses trite statements. The family members may view this as: Choose one answer. 50 | P a g e Inhalation occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure. Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as: shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: Choose one answer. A. a respiratory infection. B. an overdose of aspirin. C. high blood glucose levels. D. a narcotic overdose. a narcotic overdose You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to: log roll him as a unit to a supine position. In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? alveoli Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of: stridor Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? A. larynx B. pharynx C. bronchus D. oropharynx C. bronchus In infants and children, a capillary refill time (CRT) that is greater than ______ second(s) is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion. 2 51 | P a g e Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. Distributive shock occurs when: widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. The two processes that occur during respiration are inspiration and expiration. Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is MOST correct? Choose one answer. A. Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive. B. 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with a hypoxic drive. C. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals. D. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels. In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: . oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct? Choose one answer. A. MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. B. The communicable period for MRSA is 10 days to 2 weeks after being infected. C. Studies have shown that less than 1% of health care providers are MRSA carriers. D. Most cases of MRSA transmission occur following an accidental needlestick. MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells. Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should 52 | P a g e attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient Which of the following conditions would LEAST likely result in hypoxia? A. pleural effusion B. pulmonary edema C. prolonged seizures D. severe anxiety D. severe anxiety Syphilis is a: bloodborne disease that can successfully be treated with penicillin Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? Choose one answer. A. hypotension B. wheezing C. pallor D. dizziness wheezing Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Choose one answer. A. substance abuse B. schizophrenia C. depression D. Alzheimer's disease A. substance abuse Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? Choose one answer. A. liver laceration B. repeated diarrhea C. severe vomiting D. excessive sweating 55 | P a g e fibrinogen when assessing arm movement of a suspected stroke, you should expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patients side hypoperfusion is another name for shock activated charcoal administration is contraindicated in patients who have ingested acids or alkalies anaphylaxis is mod accurately defines as an extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems what is not an assessment parameter included in the cincinati prehospital stroke scale memory what is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system? constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system, an absence seizure is also referred to as petit mal seizure which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure poisoning a raised swollen well defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bit or sting wheal status epileptics is characterized by prolonged seizures without return of consciousness a transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when the normal body process destroy a clot in a cerebral artery as woman approaches menopause her menstrul periods may become irregular and vary in severity a young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. as your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control obvious bleeding then assess for an exit wound 56 | P a g e the most significant risk factor for a hemorragic stroke is hypertension cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because there is not enough time between contractions for the heart to refill because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following sting it can continue to inject venom up to 20 mins your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an inmate. on arrival, you find the patient a 33 year old male lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only has a slow, shallow respirations. you should be most concerned that this patient may vomit and aspirate air bags are designed to decrease the severity of deceleration injuries functions of the liver include production of substances necessary for blood clotting the normal blood glucose level as measured by a glucometer is between 80 and 120 mg/dl epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when wheezing and hypotension are present sudden death following AMI is most often caused by ventricular fibirillation the head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the carotid arteries the purpose of defibrillation stop the chaotic,disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells your paramedic partne administers atropine to a 49 year old male with bradycardia. which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to have dry mucus membrane what organ would most likely bleed profusely if injured? liver in contrast to level 3 trauma center, a level 1 trauma center 57 | P a g e must have general surgeons on call 24/7 you respond to a 55 year old residence, female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approx 30 mins ago. the patient is conscious and alert but has diffuse uticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. as your partner applied oxygen. you should ask her if she has prescribed epi esophageal varicose most commonly occur in patients drink a lot of alcohol urticaria is the medical term for hives a patient with an altered mental status is not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused hypoglycemic crisis tends to develop more often and severely in children they do not always eat correctly and on schedule you arrive at the scene of a 33 year old woman who i experiencing a generalized seizure. she has a small amount of vomiyus draining from the side of her mouth. after protecting her from further injury. you should maintain her airway, suction her airway, insert nasopharyngerl airway. admin high flow o2 an important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to provide emotional support to the hospital pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is most suggestive of aortic aneurysm gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with hematemsis the inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all the following areas(kidney abdomen legs) except the brain approx 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occurring during lateral collisions 60 | P a g e a generalized seizure is characterized by severe twitching of all body muscles PID typically does not affect the urinary bladder DTs is a syndrome associated with a withdraw from alchol common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include: dry cough, flushing of the skin and abdominal cramps but not__ drying of the eyes a fractured femur can result in the loss of__or more of blood 1 L an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient tylenol,will most likely cause liver failure the ability of cardiac muscle to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called automaticity heroin id an example of opiod common side effects of nitro include headache, bradycardia, hypotension except hypertension what is the function of the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs perfusion is most accurately defined as circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the bodes metabolic needs ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood you and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle aged man who collapsed 5 mins ago. he is unresponsive, apenic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present but have not provided any care. you should perform 5 cycles of cpm and apply the aed 61 | P a g e early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include pain and distention which of the following medication blocks the release of histamines a. albuterol(ventolin) b. diphenhydramine(benadryl) c. acetametaphen(tylenol) d. epi B a poison that enters the body by__is the most difficult to treat injection when caring for a woman who is experiencing a gynecolgic emergency the emts main focus should be maintain abcs and transport without delay you respond to movie theater for a 70 year old male who is confused. he has type 2 diabetes and refuses to take his pills. he is diaphoretic tacky and tachypenic. initial management should include applying a nonrebreather mask at 15 L/m what vein is located inferior to the trunk saphenous the first indicator of non traumatic internal bleeding may be weakness or dizziness when evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car vs pedestrian you should first approximate the speed of the vehicle that souk the patient when using an auto inject, the primary inject site is the lateral portion of the thigh muscle control nd coordination are controlled by the cerebellum a dissecting aortic anerysm occurs when the inner layer of th aorta become separated when assessing an elderly patient who fell it is important to remember osteoporosis van cause a fracture that may have resulted from the fall the physical exam of sexual assault should limited to brief survey for life threatening events 62 | P a g e what about gonorrehea is correct painful urination is seen in both men and women you are dispatched to a 56 year old with ams, the patients wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before. he is semiconscious rapid and shallow respirations and therapy pulse you should begin ventilary assistance type 1 diabetes is a condition where the body makes no insulin the onset of menstruation(menarche) usually occurs when women are 11-16 what had the greatest impact on producing injury for a gunshot wound the speed of the bullet a 40 year old ale with 300 mg blood sugar. is semi conscious and breathing slowly and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. you should recognize the definitive treatment as insulin force acting over a distance defines the concept of work commons sign and symptoms of AMI include: irreg heartbeat unexplained sweating and dypsnea but NOT pain exacerbated by breathing how do fire ants bite? repeatedily the ability for a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss most related to how fast they bleed if a person stands near a building when it explodes, the will pst likely expiernce stomach rupture if one or more occupants in the same car are killed the emt should suspect that all living occupants have the same trauma signs of agitated delirium include diaphoresis tacky and hallucinations w whenever possible a female sexuale assault victim should be 65 | P a g e oral the primary function of the right atrium is to receive blood from the vena cava the vocal cords are located in the larynx the human body is at the optimal level at ages 19-25 LUQ Spleen stomach and a portion of the colon RUQ Liver gallbladder and portion of the colon RLQ Two portions of the large and small intestine, appendix LLQ The descending and sigmoid portions of the colon what do you do for labored, contstriction, or lack of tidal volume assist ventilations with BVM What do you do for acid in eyes irrigate, if contacts take them out Signs and Symptoms of tension pneumothorax progressive shortness of breath increased altered level of consciousness neck vein distention tracheal deviation What organ could be affected by trauma to the upper right quadrant liver flail chest is charcterized and defined by paradoxical motion 2 or more ribs broken in two or more places subcutaneous emphysema what is it and how to treat 66 | P a g e A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues. treat by positive pressure ventilations Daughter is power of attourney and wants father to recieve care, father is AxO x4 and does not want care Respect patient wishes because he is concious without altered mental status Open fracture and bleeding PPE gloves, mask, goggles What EMS statistic is needed to reduce speed limit in given area Fatalities and injuries that have happened on that stretch of road Triage color green ambulatory, yellow delayed red immediate black dead/ expectant you are treating a 300 pound male who cannot walk what should you do call for assistance triage in the cold zone Pedatric/ infant breath rate 18-30 Cardiac arrest in children is caused most likely by hypoxia, resp distress or failure Croup is characterized by hoarseness, "barking" cough, inspiratory stridor and varying degrees of respiratory distress resulting from swelling in or obstruction in the region near the larynx. Steps to treating bleeding first direct pressure then tourniquet is direct pressure does not stop the bleeding 67 | P a g e Signs and symptoms of meningitis fever, rash, stiff neck, altered mental status specifcally in infants: Swelling of fontanelles Apgar scale appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration when treating allergy primary concern is AIRWAY when to start chest compression on newborn pluse under 60 ruptured spleen in child bleeding and pain right upper quadrant Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder left upper quadrant liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas left lower quadrant Part of descending colon Sigmoid colon Left ovary and tube Left ureter Left spermatic cord right lower quadrant cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord Signs and symptoms of epiglottitis Sudden onset, high fever "Hot-potato" voice Dysphagia, drooling No cough Prefers to sit upright, lean forward (tripod position) Appears toxic and stridulous when babies head appears out of vaginal canal check for nuhical cord 70 | P a g e abruptio placentae premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, third trimester placenta previa implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus, third trimester spontaneous abortion when the fetus and placenta deliver before the 20th week of pregnancy; commonly called a miscarriage subarachnoid hemorrhage worst headache, assess bp will be low, cushing triaid, slow pulse, unbalanced respirations Left sided heart failure shortness of breath right sided heart failure 1. Jungular Vein Distention 2. Ascending Dependent Edema 3. Weight Gain 4. Hepatomegaly (Liver Enlargement) steps when assessing unconc patient check for responsiveness, check for pulse, check for chest rise and fall communicable disease PPE and decom mask, gloves, goggles, disinfect with approved germicidal agent Oral Glucose Indications hypoglycemia, able to swallow when to extricate before giving care direct life threat/ scene saftey threat ex: fire in car OPIOD indications pinpoint pupils, respiratory arrest, cyanosis, track marks Cholecystitis inflammation of the gallbladder Cholecystitis S/S 71 | P a g e severe midepigastric or right upper quadrant pain radiating to back and referred to right scapula usually after meals fat intolerance flatulence indigestion diaphoresis n/v chills low grade fever possible jaundice clay-colored stools with common bile duct obstruction when approaching a psych patient calm them down, be reassuring, deescalate the situation carbon monoxide poisoning -carbon monoxide binds with hemoglobin and reduces oxygen supply to tissues -cannot be seen. smelled, or tasted -s/s include: nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness, and unconsciousness, Altered LOC, high SPO2 -death may occur with prolonged exposure -prevention by ensuring proper ventilation when using fuel-burning devices -gas-burning devices should be inspected annually -flues and chimneys should be unobstructed -carbon monoxide detectors should be installed and inspected regularly NPA indications concious with gag reflex Suction Catheter for oropharynx yonker tip/ ridgid tip spontaneous pneumothorax increaed heart rate, hypoxia, chest pain Tension pneumothorax S/S JVD, diminished/absent lung sounds, tracheal deviation towards unaffected side, poor BVM compliance pneumonia swollen avoli, crackles, fever, warm dry and flushed, transport and give oxygen chronic bronchitis lungs constantly inflamed, barrel chest 72 | P a g e systolic pressure Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. diastolic pressure Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions. Contraindications of nitroglycerin (Contraindications:) Cerebral hemorrhage, sexual enhancement drugs, hypotension-systolic blood pressure < 100. important stroke question to ask when was the last time they were seen normal pulmonary edema s/s Severe dyspnea and air hunger Cough productive of frothy, blood tinged sputum Tachypnea and tachycardia Cold, clammy skin Cyanosis Extreme apprehension Confusion, stupor caused by left sided heart failure transport shock patient in supine agonal respirations treatment BVM Heart Failure S/S Shortness of breath, fatigue, and weakness, weilling in the legs, feet abdomen. Reapid or irregular heartbeat with S3 or S4 heart sounds, persistent cough or wheezing, and weight gain from fluid etention. Treatment: balance of medication, devices, and lifestule changes to heald the heart contract normally. TIA mimic stroke, symptoms go away in 24 hours CVA ruptured artery in brain hemmorragic shock Ischemic stroke symptoms facial droop, weak, slurred speech, time 75 | P a g e check pulse and start CPR black and tarry stool upper GI bleed Lower GI bleed bright red stool When to remove a penetrating object? 1. Obstructs airway 2. Impedes CPR usually just stablilize 3 year old is drooling and oesn't want to eat? what does he most liekly have? epiglottitis Signs of respiratory distress in children grunting, intercostal retractions, nasal flaring You arrive on scene and CPR is in progress what shuld you do apply AED AED Shockable Rhythms V-tach and V-fib what to do for gurgling respirtations suction pumonary edema Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of the lungs. Blood backs up into pulmonary circulation because left ventricle can't pump it forward (Can occur acutely, such as with MI Or can occur as an exacerbation of chronic HF) Emphysema A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. pink and skinny check pulse of hypothemic oatient for at least 30 seconds signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure -Cough (frequent, productive, hemoptysis) -Progressive dyspnea with exertion 76 | P a g e -Orthopnea -Pitting edema of legs and feet or generalized edema of face, hands, or sacral area -Heart palpitations -Progressive fatigue or syncope with exertion -Moist rales in lower lobes, indicating pulmonary edema What does nitroglycerin do 1. Vasodilator, opening up vessels to increase blood supply to the heart 2. Smooth muscle relaxant what position to place nitro patient in supine responding to cardiac arrest start w compressions then go to AED after delivery of baby dry and warm keep at vaginal opening level hypothermia treatment remove from cold, take off wet clothing, wrap in blankets, severe cases EMS ASAP gunshot wound, shortness of breath how to treat ventilate, immoblize, take vitals and apply occlusive dressing puncture wound apply what 3 sided occlusive dressing head inury and blood thinner causes hemorrraging bubbling/ bleding from chest apply fully occulsive dressing femur fracture lower than hip, deformities, less angulation that hip dislocations hip discolation rotates whole leg knife is implaed stablilize with bulky dressings 77 | P a g e pulmonary contustion trauma to the chest aorta dissection tearing pain to the back Annurism when a vessel wall weakens and balloons aorta rupture dead Nose bleed lean forward and pinch nose Rule of (s arm - 9, 1/2 arm 4.5, head 9, palm 1 neck puncture wound occlusive dressing spleen -Upper left of the abdomen, behind the stomach and below diaphragm. -Lymphoid tissue -Blood vessels are connected to the spleen by splenic sinuses. -Function: Filter unwanted materials from the blood (including old RBC) and to help fight infections. -Up to 10% of the population has one or more accessory spleens that tend to form at the hilum of the original spleen. eccomosis bruising, often caused by internal bleeding solid organ rupture results in internal bleeding, abdominal distention, eccomosis any kind of abdominal pain first thing you do two Es: expose and examine region pulmonary embolism A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.