FISDAP Paramedic Final Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download FISDAP Paramedic Final Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! FISDAP Paramedic Final Exam(635 Questions with Correct Answer s) You have received an order for a dopamine drip. You carry 500cc bags of D5W. How much dopamine should you add to the bag to create a 1600mcg/1mL dilution? A. 800mg B. 1600mcg C. 1600mg D. 400mcg - Correct Answer A. 800 mg 2. During the absolute refractory period, what happens to the cardiac cell? A. It is unable to be stimulated. B. The cell is vulnerable to partial stimulation. C. Potassium is being pumped out of the cell. D. Calcium has just rushed into the cell. - Correct Answer A. It is unable to be stimulated. 3. A 29 year old female fell from an 18 foot roof. During your rapid trauma assessment, where are you most likely to find life-threatening injuries? A. Head, neck, extremities B. Head, chest, abdomen C. Abdomen, pelvis, arms D. Chest, pelvis, extremities - Correct Answer B. Head, chest, abdomen 4. Unequal pupils are a result of pressure on which structure? A. Central medulla B. Trochlear membrane C. Vagus nerve D. Occulomotor nerve - Correct Answer D. Occulomotor nerve 5. What is an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood called? A. Pneumonia B. Hypoxia C. Hypercapnia D. Emphysema - Correct Answer C. Hypercapnia 6. What is oxygen deficiency in the body called? A. Hypercarbia B. Hyperoxia C. Hypoxia D. Hypoxemia - Correct Answer C. Hypoxia 7. What is your initial priority at a trench collapse? A. Establishing medical command B. Maintaining control of the crowd C. Preventing a secondary collapse D. Protecting the patient's airway - Correct Answer A. Establishing medical command 8. A 23 year old male complains of neck stiffness and flu symptoms for the past few days. He also describes a high fever with a severe headache, dizziness and blurred vision. What should you suspect? A. Hemorrhagic stroke B. Migraine C. Meningitis D. Influenza - Correct Answer C. Meningitis 9. What causes an emphysema patient to have a pink appearance? A. Elevated PCO2 level B. Polycythemia C. Anemia D. Elevated PO2 level - Correct Answer B. Polycythemia 10. Which of the following is a musical, squeaking or whistling sound heard in inspiration and expiration while auscultating lung fields? A. Wheezing B. Snoring C. Stridor D. Gurgling - Correct Answer A. Wheezing 11. You are treating a 82 year old male in hypovolemic shock. In order to increase their blood pressure you should administer: A. 0.45% NaCl via IV B. isotonic fluids orally C. dextrose 5% in water via IO D. isotonic crystalloid via IV - Correct Answer D. isotonic crystalloid via IV 12. A 35 year old man is pulseless and apneic. He was found in a lake after falling through the ice. His wife says he left the house 3 hours ago. His is cold and rigid. What should you do? A. Perform chest compressions B. Begin active rewarming techniques C. Obtain IO access and administer a warm fluid bolus D. Contact the medical examiner - Correct Answer A. Perform chest compressions 13. What does a pulsating mass in the abdomen suggest? C. Cardiopulmonary arrest. D. Respiratory distress. - Correct Answer B. Respiratory failure. 26. A patient was ejected from an automobile and is apneic and pulseless. ECG reveals a regular rhythm with an R-R interval of 1.24 seconds and a QRS width of 110 milliseconds. You should consider A. transcutaneous pacing. B. atropine 0.5 mg IV. C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. D. adenosine 6 mg rapid IV. - Correct Answer C. epinephrine 1 mg IV. 27. What organ is located in the upper right quadrant? A. Kidney B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Spleen - Correct Answer B. Liver 28. A 24 year old male was stabbed in the thigh. Bright red blood spurts from the wound. What should you suspect that the patient severed? A. Vein B. Artery C. Ligament D. Tendon - Correct Answer B. Artery 29. A 24 year old male was working underneath his car when it fell off of the jack. He was under the car approximately 20 minutes before being extricated. He has bluish discoloration of his skin above the nipple line. What should you suspect? A. Traumatic asphyxiation B. Pericardial tamponade C. Cushing's triad D. Pulmonary contusion - Correct Answer A. Traumatic asphyxiation 30. A unrestrained 24 year old female driver hit an electrical pole and struck the steering wheel. She appears pale and complains of nausea and abdominal pain. What organ is LEAST likely to suffer an injury as a result of this impact? A. Spleen B. Diagphram C. Liver D. Stomach - Correct Answer D. Stomach 31. What causes Down's syndrome? A. Brain trauma B. Extra chromosome C. Bacterial infection D. Psychological trauma - Correct Answer B. Extra chromosome 32. Where would you insert the needle to decompress the chest? A. Below the 3rd rib midclavicular line B. Below the 4th rib midclavicular line C. Above the 4th rib midclavicular line D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line - Correct Answer D. Above the 3rd rib midclavicular line 33. A 67 year old male complains of bloody stool with accompanying nausea and emesis. He states symptoms began 3 days ago. Vital signs BP 100/86, P 88, R 18. What should you do? A. IV fluid bolus B. Administer a diuretic C. Administer an antiemetic D. Apply oxygen - Correct Answer A. IV fluid bolus 34. How much time do you have to successfully intubate a patient? A. 30 seconds. B. 15 seconds. C. 60 seconds. D. 45 seconds. - Correct Answer A. 30 seconds. 35. What condition results when the alveoli collapse? A. Pneumothorax B. Pneumonia C. Effusion D. Atelectasis - Correct Answer D. Atelectasis 36. Why should you administer IV fluid to a patient in hypovolemic shock? A. Increase the blood pressure B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion C. Increase the body's oxygen carrying capacity D. Maintain the body's homeostatic state - Correct Answer B. Maintain adequate tissue perfusion 37. What best defines shock? A. Deficiency of vascular tone due to hemorrhage. B. Inadequate cerebral blood flow. C. Hemorrhage exceeding 50% of total blood volume. D. Lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues. - Correct Answer D. Lack of adequate perfusion to the tissues. 38. What causes priapism in a trauma patient? A. Rupture of the urinary bladder B. Total autonomic nervous system dysfunction C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance D. Sympathetic nervous system dominance - Correct Answer C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance 39. What is the primary function of insulin? A. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase pancreas glycogen levels B. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase liver glycogen levels C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels D. Decrease glucose transport into the cells and decrease pancreas glycogen levels - Correct Answer C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels 40. A 60 year old male fell onto a coffee table yesterday and he woke up this morning complaining of diffuse, dull abdominal pain. You note periumbilical bruising. What is this known as? A. Crohn's sign B. Cullen's sign C. Kehr's sign D. Grey-Turner's sign - Correct Answer B. Cullen's sign 41. After placement of an ET tube, you find breath sounds are diminished on the left side but present on the right side. What should you do? A. Contact Medical Direction and ask for further instruction. B. Deflate and withdraw the tube while listening over the left side. C. Deflate the cuff, remove the tube and ventilate with a BVM. D. Continue ventilating the patient and secure the tube. - Correct Answer B. Deflate and withdraw the tube while listening over the left side. 42. A 25 year old male has a closed head injury and a knife impaled in his back. He is combative and screams incomprehensible words while thrashing. What should you do? A. Titrate diazepam administration to gain control of the patient. B. Use straps and spine board to gain control of the patient. C. Use rapid sequence intubation to protect the patient. D. Request the police to restrain the patient for transport. - Correct Answer C. Use rapid sequence intubation to protect the patient. 43. What does the body use for fuel in diabetic ketoacidosis? A. Acids B. Fats C. Glucose D. Ketones - Correct Answer B. Fats 44. What neurotransmitter found in the brain that regulates mood, anxiety, and sleep? A. Acetylcholine B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid mother states he has a fever and has been complaining of a sore throat. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Croup D. Epiglottitis - Correct Answer D. Epiglottitis 57. How should you ensure that your glucometer is functioning properly? A. Insert a test strip and ensure that the glucometer turns on. B. Measure your partner's blood glucose level and compare to normal. C. Measure your own blood glucose level and compare to your normal. D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution - Correct Answer D. Insert a test strip and acquire a drop of the glucometer control solution 58. What is the biggest difference between cardiogenic shock and hemorrhagic shock? A. Pulmonary edema B. Hypotension C. Cardiac Arrest D. Cyanosis - Correct Answer A. Pulmonary edema 59. When you apply an end-tidal CO2 monitor, what are the 3 main items you are measuring? A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation B. Metabolism, perfusion, and respiration C. Metabolism, cardiac output, and ventilation D. Perfusion, ventilation, and oxygenation - Correct Answer A. Metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation 60. What do you call progressively deeper, faster breathing alternating gradually with shallow, slower breathing? A. Kussmaul's respirations B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations C. Biot's respirations D. Agonal respirations - Correct Answer B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations 61. What happens during phase 0 of the cardiac action potential? A. The sodium-potassium pump is initiated. B. Potassium moves rapidly into the cell. C. The slow calcium channels close. D. The fast sodium channels open. - Correct Answer D. The fast sodium channels open. 62. A 26 year old female jumped from the second floor of her house. She states she was getting away from her abusive husband. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs. B. Check for bilateral ankle fractures. C. Determine if the scene is safe. D. Asses for compression injury to the spine. - Correct Answer C. Determine if the scene is safe. 63. What structure has baroreceptors? A. Vena cava B. Ventricular wall C. Atrioventricular node D. Aortic arch - Correct Answer D. Aortic arch 64. An alert, 78 year old female complains of dyspnea. She speaks in full sentences and answers all your questions. Vital signs are BP 150/70, P 110 and irregular, R 26 and labored. You note peripheral cyanosis. What should you do? A. Begin positive-pressure ventilation with a BVM. B. Sedate and intubate orotracheally. C. Apply a nasal cannula with high flow oxygen at 2 lpm. D. Apply high flow oxygen at 12-15 lpm. - Correct Answer D. Apply high flow oxygen at 12-15 lpm. 65. When you are caring for more than one trauma patient at a time, when should you change your gloves? A. For each new patient B. For each new procedure C. Whenever time permits D. Whenever they become soiled - Correct Answer A. For each new patient 66. A 2 year old male has ingested an unknown amount of gasoline. What is your primary concern in your initial assessment? A. Establishing IV access TKO. B. Determining if the ingestion was intentional. C. Evaluating his cardiac rhythm. D. Evaluating his airway. - Correct Answer D. Evaluating his airway. 67. You arrive on scene to find a 4 year old male with a pulse but inadequate respiratory effort. At what rate do you administer assisted ventilation? A. 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds B. 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds C. 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds D. 1 breath every 1 to 2 seconds - Correct Answer B. 1 breath every 2 to 3 seconds 68. A 55 year old male remains in ventricular fibrillation after three shocks and an IV epinephrine. What should you do? A. Epinephrine (1:1000) in the sequence:1mg, 3mg, 5mg. B. Epinephrine (1:10,00) by endotracheal tube. C. Epinephrine (1:10,000) every three to five minutes. D. Epinephrine (1:1,000) every three to five minutes. - Correct Answer C. Epinephrine (1:10,000) every three to five minutes. 69. A 45 year old male complains of difficulty breathing after being removed from a home contaminated with carbon monoxide. His SpO2 is paradoxically 100%, what does this mean? A. CO affects the nail beds, making SaO2 unreliable. B. CO is displacing O2 on erythrocyte hemoglobin. C. CO is binding to the alveoli preventing O2 from being exchanged. D. Carbonic anhydrase is inhibiting gas exchange. - Correct Answer B. CO is displacing O2 on erythrocyte hemoglobin. 70. A 22 year old female complains of joint pain and flu-like symptoms over the past two days. Her abdomen is soft and non-tender, but she appears to have a circular rash on her lower left quadrant. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystis B. Gastroenteritis C. Lyme's disease D. Influenza - Correct Answer C. Lyme's disease 71. What the mechanism of action for glucagon? A. Convert glucose to glycogen B. Reduce blood glucose levels C. Move glucose into the cell D. Stimulate gluconeogenesis - Correct Answer D. Stimulate gluconeogenesis 72. When delivering a radio report, it is important to A. speak continuously in order to expedite the report. B. provide a field assessment of the patient's condition. C. clearly state and spell the patient's name. D. provide a comprehensive health history. - Correct Answer B. provide a field assessment of the patient's condition. 73. What is the primary action of insulin? A. Add a functional group during gluconeogenesis. B. Reduce the glucose consumption of the cells. C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. D. Increase blood glucose levels. - Correct Answer C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. 74. What cells form the initial clot following vascular injury? A. Erythrocytes B. Lymphocytes D. Perform immediate defibrillation - Correct Answer B. Start chest compressions 88. Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive system? A. Trachea B. Pharynx C. Esophagus D. Cricoid cartilage - Correct Answer B. Pharynx 89. What is a highly infectious disease that causes bronchiolitis? A. RSV B. Pneumonia C. Common cold D. Asthma - Correct Answer A. RSV 90. A 39 year old male has an angulated deformity to the humerus. You cannot feel a distal pulse and the limb is blue. What should you do? A. Contact medical control for pain medication orders. B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. C. Splint with a sling and swathe, apply ice, and transport. D. Transport emergently to the closest hospital - Correct Answer B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. 91. A 23 year old male complains of diffuse lower leg pain and tension after a car accident. Pedal pulses are absent bilaterally and you note slight cyanosis in his feet. Vital signs are BP 130/90, P 88, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Iliac arterial rupture B. Bilateral tibial fractures C. Compartment syndrome D. Lower leg embolism - Correct Answer C. Compartment syndrome 92. What happens to hemoglobin as the blood pH decreases? A. Releases oxygen. B. Releases carbon dioxide. C. Binds to carbon dioxide. D. Binds to oxygen. - Correct Answer A. Releases oxygen. 93. A 24 year old male screams at you to leave after your arrive on scene. He states that there are people after him and that they can hear his thoughts. He is agitated nervous, and constantly peering out the windows. His mother states that this is abnormal for him. What is he suffering from? A. Organic psychosis B. Dementia C. Autism D. A neurotic disorder - Correct Answer A. Organic psychosis 94. A 62 year old female complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. She is extremely anxious. Vital signs are BP 80/56, P 118, R 24 with crackles, SpO2 87%. What is the most likely cause? A. Pulmonary embolus B. Hypovolemic shock C. Right-sided heart failure D. Cardiogenic shock - Correct Answer D. Cardiogenic shock 95. A 62 year old female complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. She is extremely anxious. Lung sounds are present with crackles in the bases. Vital signs are BP 80/56, P 128, R 24, SpO2 87%. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Start a dopamine drip C. Give a fluid bolus D. Administer Aspirin - Correct Answer D. Administer Aspirin 96. You suspect your partner has intubated the esophagus. What should you do? A. Check the end tidal CO2 monitor. B. Leave the tube in place and ventilate by BVM. C. Extubate and ventilate by BVM. D. Extubate and reattempt to intubate the patient. - Correct Answer C. Extubate and ventilate by BVM. 97. A 79 year old male complains of shortness of breath. He smokes cigarettes for 60 years. On physical exam you notice that he has a barrel shaped chest. What pathophysiology is most likely causing his symptoms? A. Collapsed bronchial tubes B. Spasm of bronchial muscle C. Inflammation of the trachea D. Excessive mucus production - Correct Answer A. Collapsed bronchial tubes 98. Which of the following is NOT part of the Cincinnati Stroke Test? A. Arm drift B. Slurred speech C. Ability to walk D. Facial droop - Correct Answer C. Ability to walk 99. During intubation, what is the maximum amount of time to allow without ventilating your patient? A. 10 seconds B. 15 seconds C. 60 seconds D. 30 seconds - Correct Answer D. 30 seconds 100. A 36 year old male with a history of asthma is in respiratory arrest. His carotid pulse corresponds to the ECG below. After establishing an airway and beginning ventilations, what should you do? A. Administer adenosine. B. Administer an in-line albuterol nebulizer. C. Perform synchronized cardioversion. D. Administer epinephrine. - Correct Answer B. Administer an in-line albuterol nebulizer. 101. What is the area where the base of the tongue and the epiglottis meet called? A. Alveoli B. Vallecula C. Carina D. Bronchi - Correct Answer B. Vallecula 102. A 54 year old female is trapped in a car and complains of chest pain. You are unable to open the door, and the fire department is unable to get their extrication tools to work. What should you do? A. Break the window farthest from her to gain access. B. Use the extrication tools without power. C. Use a hand saw to cut the narrowest part of the frame to gain access. D. Wait 30 minutes for the replacement tools to arrive. - Correct Answer A. Break the window farthest from her to gain access. 103. What occurs during compression of the inferior vena cava? A. Supine hypotensive syndrome B. Eclampsia C. Preeclampsia D. Pregnancy induced hypertension - Correct Answer A. Supine hypotensive syndrome 104. What will stimulation of a B1 receptor in the heart do? A. Slow the heart with an increase contraction strength B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength C. Speed up the heart rate and decrease contraction strength D. Slow the heart with an decrease contraction strength - Correct Answer B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength 105. What is abnormality of breathing rate, pattern, or effort called? A. Dysphonia B. Hypoxia C. Dyspnea D. Anoxia - Correct Answer C. Dyspnea 106. What are you required to report directly to law enforcement? 118. An 18 year old female with a suspected cervical spine injury has a significant amount of blood in her mouth. What should you do? A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. B. Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and attempt to ventilate her. C. Perform a jaw-thrust and finger sweep in order to remove blood from her mouth. D. Assess the her respiratory rate for no longer than 30 seconds. - Correct Answer A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. 119. A a family calls you to take their 20 year old son to the hospital for an involuntary psychiatric evaluation. They state that he is physically aggressive and refuses to take his antipsychotic drugs. He is quiet and refuses to communicate. What should you do? A. Ask the parents to help you restrain the patient. B. Talk firmly and tell him that you are going to restrain him now, but you will release the restraints enroute if he behaves himself. C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. D. Call another medic or fire unit to assist you. - Correct Answer C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. 120. You are dispatched for a 78 yo male who has fallen. He currently has no complaints and is alert and oriented. He is unsure if he lost consciousnessness at any point. He takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. His blood pressure when lying down is 140/90 with a HR of 58 which becomes 100/60 with a HR of 59 when standing. You suspect which of the following as a the most likely etiology of his fall: A. hemorrhagic stroke B. unsteady gait with poor mobility C. medication side effect D. acute myocardial infarction - Correct Answer C. medication side effect 121. What is an injury to ligaments around a joint called? A. Dislocation B. Sprain C. Fracture D. Strain - Correct Answer B. Sprain 122. Which structure filters blood into a nephron? A. loop of Henle B. Collecting duct C. Bowman's capsule D. Glomerulus - Correct Answer D. Glomerulus 123. What drug is a specific antagonist to opiate derived drugs? A. Charcoal B. Ipecac C. Midazolam D. Narcan - Correct Answer D. Narcan 124. A 16 year old was freed from entanglement in a motor vehicle crash. Their right arm is amputated below the elbow. What should you do with the amputation? A. Place it into its anatomical position and wrap it with dry gauze B. Place it in a bag packed with ice and transport it with patient C. Wrap it in moistened gauze, place it in a bag, and keep it cool D. Wrap it in dry gauze and keep it warm during transport - Correct Answer C. Wrap it in moistened gauze, place it in a bag, and keep it cool 125. During the action potential of a cardiac cell, what causes the initial conformational change in the sodium-potassium pump? A. Slow channel ion gates B. Adenosine triphosphate C. Calcium D. Sodium and potassium - Correct Answer B. Adenosine triphosphate 126. A tachypneic 17 year old male has an open gunshot wound to the right anterior chest. What should you do? A. Administer high-flow oxygen. B. Begin bag valve mask ventilation. C. Apply an occlusive dressing. D. Decompress the right chest. - Correct Answer C. Apply an occlusive dressing. 127. What neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulation of the postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic nervous system? A. Norepinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Cortisone - Correct Answer C. Acetylcholine 128. A 6 year old male complains of belly pain. What should you use to determine his pain level? A. 1 to 10 pain rating scale B. Wong/Baker pain scale C. Oucher pain scale D. Analog visual scale - Correct Answer C. Oucher pain scale 129. Which of the following substances is most likely to cause premature atrial contractions? A. Caffeine B. Aspirin C. Marijuana D. Phenobarbital - Correct Answer A. Caffeine 130. An alert 17 year old male was struck in the abdomen with a large wrench. Vital signs are BP 90/78, P 120 R 22. He is cool, pale and diaphoretic. Palpation of the abdomen reveal bruising, pain, and rigidity to the right upper quadrant. To which organ should you suspect injury? A. Spleen B. Liver C. Right kidney D. Small intestine - Correct Answer B. Liver 131. An intoxicated 45 year old homeless man was hit in the chest. He complains of pain with inspiration. Bilateral lung sounds are clear. Vital signs are BP 130/80, P 76, R 12, SpO2 94%. What should you suspect? A. Rib fractures B. Tension Pneumothorax C. Head injury D. Pericardial tamponade - Correct Answer A. Rib fractures 132. What does oversecretion by the adrenal cortex cause? A. Cushing's disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. Myxedema D. Graves' disease - Correct Answer A. Cushing's disease 133. What is the main site of drug metabolism? A. Liver B. Kidney C. Spleen D. Lungs - Correct Answer A. Liver 134. Your 65 year old male patient presents with a fever and sharp, steady pain along the upper neck and shoulder that worsens when he takes a breath. Vital signs are BP 144/92, P 99 and regular, R 18 and regular, SpO2 of 95% on room air. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain intravenous access C. Perform a 12-lead ECG D. Apply oxygen - Correct Answer C. Perform a 12-lead ECG 135. A 23 year old pregnant female is pushing when you arrive. You find her bag of water broke and the fluid was green. Fetal heart tones are 80. What should you do? A. Encourage her to continue pushing. B. Start at least one large bore IV. C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. D. Place her in knee-chest position and apply oxygen. - Correct Answer C. Place her on her side and apply oxygen. 148. Where does the electrical impulse in the heart begin? A. Bundle of His B. AV node C. Purkinje fibers D. SA node - Correct Answer D. SA node 149. In what leads does ST elevation suggest an anterior wall MI? A. V3, V4 B. II, III, and aVF C. aVR, aVL, and aVF D. V1, V2 - Correct Answer A. V3, V4 150. What is the term used to describe the obligation you have to render assistance to a patient? A. Advanced directive B. Standing order C. Duty to act D. Good Samaritan law - Correct Answer C. Duty to act 151. What type of drug is Verapamil? A. Beta blocker B. Antihypertensive medication C. Angiotension receptor blocker D. Calcium channel blocker - Correct Answer D. Calcium channel blocker 152. What is limiting the number of people or resources you are supervising known as? A. Unified command B. Command and control C. Span of control D. Unity of command - Correct Answer C. Span of control 153. An alert 45 year old female is pale and cyanotic. Her vitals are BP 180/104, P 102 and irregular, R 28 with bilateral crackles. What is the most likely cause of her shortness of breath? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Pulmonary edema D. Simple pneumothorax - Correct Answer C. Pulmonary edema 154. Which of the following medications is an adrenergic agonist that can stimulate either alpha or beta receptors depending on the dose? A. Epinephrine B. Dopamine C. Dobutamine D. Atenolol - Correct Answer B. Dopamine 155. A 32 year old, 36 week pregnant, female complains of lower back pain. When she is supine, she complains of feeling short of breath and faint. As you continue to assess her, she becomes pale and anxious. Vital signs are BP is 92/76, P 102, R 22. What should you do? A. Prepare for a rapid delivery B. Reposition her on her left side C. Apply oxygen and start an IV D. Obtain an orthostatic set of vital signs - Correct Answer B. Reposition her on her left side 156. What are established interventions that can be performed without calling medical direction? A. Standing orders B. Scope of practice C. Protocols D. Advanced directives - Correct Answer A. Standing orders 157. A 20 year old male struck his head on a diving board and is unconscious and apneic. Vital signs are BP 88/70, P 80. He has a large amount of swelling and deformity in the cervical spine area. What should you suspect? A. Increased intracranial pressure B. Cervical spine injury C. Cerebral contusion D. Hypovolemic shock - Correct Answer B. Cervical spine injury 158. A 55 year old male was pulled from a burning building. He has difficulty breathing and is coughing. High flow oxygen does not provide relief. You are hearing bilateral wheezing the upper lobes of his lungs. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs. B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. Administer nebulized albuterol. D. Administer 0.3 mg epinephrine 1:1000 SQ. - Correct Answer C. Administer nebulized albuterol. 159. A man is threatening to beat his wife to death. The police have checked for weapons and called you to evaluate him. While interviewing the patient, what should you do? A. Keep him between yourself and the exit. B. Quickly expedite transport. C. Enter his personal space. D. Keep large furniture between him and you. - Correct Answer D. Keep large furniture between him and you. 160. What is a contraindication of a traction splint? A. Potential spinal injury B. Pelvic fracture C. Signs of hypoperfusion D. Swelling or deformity to the thigh - Correct Answer B. Pelvic fracture 161. A patient with AIDS vomited blood during transport. How should you disinfect your ambulance? A. Soak the mattress pad for 20 minutes in disinfectant, then let the mattress stand for 6 hours before use. B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach-based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. C. Replace the mattress and throw out the sheets. D. Place the ambulance out of service until a full OSHA cleaning can be completed. - Correct Answer B. Using universal precautions, spray a bleach-based cleaning solution and carefully wipe down the stretcher. 162. You are dispatched for a 78 year old person fallen. They have no complaints and are alert and oriented. They state they are unsure if they lost consciousness at any point. The patient takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. Vital signs: BP 130/84, P 88, R 16, SpO2 = 95%. The patient wants to refuse care. You should first: A. acquire a 12 lead ECG B. counsel the patient to accept transport C. repeat the vital signs D. complete a fingerstick glucose - Correct Answer A. acquire a 12 lead ECG 163. What is the most effective way to terminate ventricular fibrillation? A. Defibrillation B. Cardioversion C. Chest compressions D. Amiodarone - Correct Answer A. Defibrillation 164. A 36 year old male and his 34 year old wife complain of severe headaches, confusion, and dizziness. He also complains of chest pain. Both are short of breath. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Organophosphate B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. Ammonia - Correct Answer C. Carbon monoxide 165. When the vascular container enlarges without proportional increase in the fluid volume, what type of shock should you suspect? A. Hypovolemic B. Decompensated C. Cardiogenic 178. A 24 year old female responds to a sternal rub by opening her eyes and moaning incomprehensibly. She tries to push your hands away from her sternum. What is her Glasgow Coma Scale score? A. 9 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12 - Correct Answer A. 9 179. What is the most prevalent cation in the cell? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Chloride - Correct Answer A. Potassium 180. A 23-year old male motorcyclist was struck by a car that ran a stop sign. He is pale and diaphoretic, and no external bleeding is noted. Vital signs are P 136 and R 28. Which of the following is most likely? A. Femur fracture B. Neurogenic shock C. Pneumothorax D. Closed head injury - Correct Answer A. Femur fracture 181. What genetic disease is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle degeneration? A. Muscular dystrophy B. Multiple sclerosis C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Myasthenia gravis - Correct Answer A. Muscular dystrophy 182. A 46 year old male is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of light-headedness after palpitations. An ECG shows paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. When assessing his perfusion status, what would you suspect? A. Delayed capillary refill B. Dry, warm skin C. Normal vital signs D. Rapid, bounding pulse - Correct Answer A. Delayed capillary refill 183. On arrival of a motor vehicle crash, what degree of scene assessment needs to be completed? A. 90 degrees from the front of the car B. 180 degrees of the patient C. 360 degrees of the scene D. 220 degrees from side of approach - Correct Answer C. 360 degrees of the scene 184. What is the pathophysiological reason behind severe joint and abdominal pain in a patient with Drepanocytosis? A. Inflammatory reaction from arthritis B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells C. Severe infection involving his appendix D. Microvascular occlusion from nitrogen bubbles - Correct Answer B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells 185. What is the role of angiotensin II in the body? A. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. C. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. D. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. - Correct Answer B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. 186. A 38 year female is in labor in her car. This is her fourth child, contractions last 30 seconds and occur every 1-2 minutes. What should you do? A. Tell her to bear down hard and to push. B. Call for air medical transport. C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. D. Transport the patient to the hospital for treatment. - Correct Answer C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. 187. A 62 year old man is unresponsive 5 minutes into his dialysis treatment. He has snoring respirations. Pulses are weak and you are unable to obtain a blood pressure. ECG reveals a wide-complex idioventricular rhythm at a rate of 50. What should you do? A. Administer calcium chloride B. Check his blood glucose C. Start CPR D. Cardiovert at 360J - Correct Answer A. Administer calcium chloride 188. An alert 18 year old female is trapped in her car after a single car crash. She complains of hip and left leg pain. When she is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs decrease. What stages of shock is she transitioning from? A. Decompensated to hypovolemic B. Compensated to decompensated C. Decompensated to compensated D. Neurogenic to hypovolemic - Correct Answer B. Compensated to decompensated 189. What is the name of the tracheal ring that sits directly inferior to the larynx? A. Cuneiform cartilage B. Cricoid cartilage C. Thyroid cartilage D. Corniculate cartilage - Correct Answer B. Cricoid cartilage 190. What condition is caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, resulting in a sudden onset of severe scrotal pain? A. Epididymitis B. Urinary calculi C. Priapism D. Testicular torsion - Correct Answer D. Testicular torsion 191. At a mass gathering several hundred people suddenly began to experience severe salivation, lacrimation, urination, and vomiting. What should you do? A. Set up a command post and ensure scene safety. B. Alert the Center for Disease Control. C. Contact the Department of Homeland Security. D. Evacuate all of the patients from the premises. - Correct Answer A. Set up a command post and ensure scene safety. 192. A 88 year old female has acute onset of diplopia, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and unilateral facial drooping. What should you suspect? A. Bacterial meningitis B. An ischemic stroke C. A subdural hematoma D. A postictal state - Correct Answer B. An ischemic stroke 193. A 13 year old has been found unresponsive on her bedroom floor. She has shallow respirations at four-times-a-minute, unobtainable radial pulse, pinpoint pupils, and a slow carotid pulse. Her mother provides you with a prescription bottle labeled morphine. Assisted ventilations are started with a bag-valve mask and an IV has been established. What medication would benefit this patient the most? A. Lidocaine B. Atropine C. Naloxone D. Epinephrine - Correct Answer C. Naloxone 194. Which of the following is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction? A. Trauma B. The tongue C. Laryngeal spasm D. Foreign bodies - Correct Answer B. The tongue 195. What contains detailed information about all potentially hazardous substances found in a workplace? A. MSDS B. Placards C. NFPA labels D. Increased shivering - Correct Answer A. Ventricular fibrillation 209. Prior to a seizure, a patient reported seeing strange flashes of light and hearing high pitched sounds. What is this phase of the seizure known as? A. Hypertonic B. Clonic C. Aura D. Tonic - Correct Answer C. Aura 210. An 18 year old male presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. What criteria must be met for him to receive oral glucose? A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. B. He must have a history of type 1 diabetes. C. He must have a prescription for oral glucose. D. His blood glucose analysis must be between 70 and 95 mg/dL. - Correct Answer A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. 211. A 41 year old female is bleeding profusely from an extremity wound. Vital signs are BP 78/40, P 130 and weak, R 22. After stopping the bleeding, what should you do? A. Reassess her vital signs. B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. C. Place her in the shock position. D. Apply a tourniquet above the wound. - Correct Answer B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. 212. A 73 year old female complains of shortness of breath. While treating her, she stops breathing. What should you do? A. Ventilate with a BVM. B. Check her pulse. C. Start CPR. D. Perform orotracheal intubation. - Correct Answer B. Check her pulse. 213. What process is involved in the formation of a blood clot? A. Tissue plasminogen activator creates fibrin B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin C. Hemoglobin is converted to platelets D. Prothrombin stimulates the release of troponin - Correct Answer B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin 214. What is the inherent rate for the AV node? A. 150-250/min B. 20-40/min C. 60-100/min D. 40-60/min - Correct Answer D. 40-60/min 215. Which of the following medications can produce anticholinergic effects. A. Epinephrine. B. Atropine sulfate. C. Etomidate. D. Nitroglycerin. - Correct Answer B. Atropine sulfate. 216. How quickly should you expect a clot to form from a venous laceration? A. 1 minute B. 7-10 minutes C. 11-14 minutes D. 4-6 minutes - Correct Answer D. 4-6 minutes 217. While assessing a 32 year old pregnant female, you discover fetal heart tones at 98 bpm. What should you do? A. Obtain a secondary set of vital signs B. Start a dopamine drip C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen D. Administer atropine - Correct Answer C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen 218. A 42 year old female complains of tinnitus, nausea and vomiting. Her husband meets you at the door and states that he returned home this morning finding his wife and two children lying on the floor with nausea and headaches. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Severe randon gas B. Carbon monoxide C. Toxic black mold D. Hydrogen sulfide - Correct Answer B. Carbon monoxide 219. A 30 year old female has recently given birth at home. During transport she has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain. Vital signs are BP 96/60, P 130, R 30, SpO2 92%. What should you administer? A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. B. Low-flow oxygen and tocolytic. C. A bronchodilator and perform a detailed exam. D. Nitroglycerin and obtain a 12 lead ECG. - Correct Answer A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. 220. A 45 year old female has been sexually assaulted with a blunt object. She complains of diffuse abdominal pain, and her vital signs are BP 100/60, P 120, R 26. What should you suspect? A. Internal hemorrhage B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Prolapsed uterus D. Uterine cramping - Correct Answer A. Internal hemorrhage 221. How should you manage the airway of an unconscious 55 year old male with snoring respirations? A. Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver B. Endotracheal intubation C. Modified jaw-thrust maneuver D. Sellick's maneuver - Correct Answer A. Head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver 222. Lead aVR is often discounted. What is the significance of ST elevations in this lead? A. Old STEMI B. Proximal LMCA occlusion C. No significance D. Significant lateral MI - Correct Answer B. Proximal LMCA occlusion 223. In which factor of clotting physiology are the clotting proteins, platelets, and red blood cells "washed out" of the vascular space through ongoing hemorrhage? A. Medication B. Hemodilution C. Hypothermia D. Acidosis - Correct Answer B. Hemodilution 224. A patient vomits blood onto your uniform at the hospital. Your service has no more ambulances available. What should you do? A. Alert dispatch that you are out of service for the next 6 hours. B. Rinse your uniform out in the sink and notify dispatch of your location. C. Wash your uniform only if your patient had a communicable disease. D. Thoroughly clean yourself, the ambulance and don a pair of scrubs. - Correct Answer D. Thoroughly clean yourself, the ambulance and don a pair of scrubs. 225. During transport a 32 year old pregnant female tells you the baby is coming. You look and see two feet at the vaginal canal. What should you do? A. Apply fundal pressure and prepare for a breech delivery. B. Direct your partner to pull over and come back to assist you. C. Tell her to pant and have your partner begin rapid transport. D. Apply oxygen and place her in a knee-chest position. - Correct Answer D. Apply oxygen and place her in a knee-chest position. 226. When measuring the R-R interval, you note three large boxes in between. What would the heart rate be? A. 75 beats/min B. 100 beats/min C. 150 beats/min C. Tuberculosis D. HIV/AIDS - Correct Answer A. Cancer 239. A 20 year old female has burns on her chest, abdomen, and on the anterior side of her right arm. What percentage of body is burned? A. 18% B. 22.5% C. 40.5% D. 27% - Correct Answer B. 22.5% 240. You find a patient in the tripod position. What should you suspect? A. A cardiac emergency B. Gastrointestinal distress C. Respiratory distress D. A transischemic attack - Correct Answer C. Respiratory distress 241. After the birth of male child, you note he is blue all over, is not breathing, and has no pulse. What is his APGAR? A. 5 B. 8 C. 0 D. 2 - Correct Answer C. 0 242. A 20 year old male struck his head while jumping into a swimming pool. He is unconscious and apneic. Vital signs are BP 88/70, P 80. There is a large amount of swelling and deformity in the cervical spine area. What should you do? A. Use the head tilt/chin lift to open his airway B. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask C. Secure him to a long spineboard D. Apply and inflate MAST - Correct Answer C. Secure him to a long spineboard 243. How should you dispose of dressings and bandages that are saturated with blood? A. A cardboard box and sealed with tape B. In any normal garbage container C. In a red bag with a bio hazard seal D. At a hospital ED trash container - Correct Answer C. In a red bag with a bio hazard seal 244. A 43 year old male complains of a stiff neck, persistent cough, and fever for the past week. He states he has been in and out of homeless shelters for the past 5 months. What should you do? A. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. Put on eye protection and a surgical mask. C. Have the patient wear a HEPA mask. D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. - Correct Answer D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. 245. What medical term describes wheals on the skin during an allergic reaction? A. Urticaria B. Angioedema C. Pruritus D. Myxedema - Correct Answer A. Urticaria 246. What are the 5 variables needed to interpret cardiac rhythms? A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval B. Rate, irregularity, U wave, P waves, and P-R interval C. Rate, regularity, ST segment, QRS width, and T waves D. Rate, regularity, QRS width, ST segment, and P-R interval - Correct Answer A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval 247. A 42 year old male complain of hives and itching on his lower right leg immediately after mowing the lawn. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Allergic reaction C. Eczema D. Insecticide poisoning - Correct Answer B. Allergic reaction 248. A 25 year old female is in labor and reports an urge to push. Suddenly her contractions weaken. You should suspect: A. uterine rupture B. false labor C. uterine inversion D. placenta previa - Correct Answer A. uterine rupture 249. An 27 year old male suffered a partial amputation of his foot in a farming accident. Bleeding is controlled. He is alert and oriented but refuses treatment. He speaks directly with online medical control but still refuses treatment and transportation. What should you do? A. Call law enforcement for an assisted transport. B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. C. Assume implied consent and transport the patient. D. Call social services and report suspicions of neglect. - Correct Answer B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. 250. An unresponsive 35 year old female has been stabbed in the abdomen. She flexes her arms when you establish an IV and mumbles incomprehensible words, but her eyes remain closed. Respirations are 8-10 times per minute. How should you protect her airway? A. Nasal airway B. Endotracheal tube C. Head tilt chin lift D. Oropharyngeal airway - Correct Answer B. Endotracheal tube 251. What does S-T segment elevation greater than 0.1 mV in at least two contiguous leads indicate? A. Active ischemia B. Unstable angina C. A Mobitz II heart block D. A myocardial infarction - Correct Answer D. A myocardial infarction 252. A 25 year old female is unresponsive and apneic after being ejected from a vehicle. What is the best way to manage her airway? A. Jaw-thrust maneuver B. Endotracheal intubation C. Sellick's maneuver D. Esophageal intubation - Correct Answer B. Endotracheal intubation 253. An alert 18 year old female is trapped in her car. Her waist and legs are pinned against the dashboard and she complains of hip and left leg pain. After a prolonged extrication from the car, her vital signs begin to deteriorate. What should you suspect? A. Neurogenic shock B. Crush syndrome C. Air embolism D. Internal injuries - Correct Answer B. Crush syndrome 254. Which of the following enzymes is most specific for cardiac injury? A. Myoglobin B. Troponin C. Creatine kinase D. Lactic dehydrogenase - Correct Answer B. Troponin 255. You are treating a 56 year old female with severe hypoglycemia who is unconscious. How should you elevate her blood sugar? A. Give glucose orally or IM if there is no gag reflex B. Try glucagon IM, if it fails give dextrose IO C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM D. Give glucagon IM or administer glucose buccally - Correct Answer C. Give dextrose IV, if IV fails give glucagon IM 256. A 22 year old male fell off a ladder. His respiratory rate is 10 and lung sounds are diminished bilaterally. What should you do? A. Perform nasotracheal intubation. B. Check for a carotid pulse. C. Call for police assistance D. Notify her parents - Correct Answer C. Call for police assistance 270. A 57 year old male complains of bleeding with defecation. He claims no significant medical history, has had no recent illness, and takes no medications. What should you suspect? A. Pancreatitis B. Viral gastroenteritis C. Ulcerative colitis D. Cholecystitis - Correct Answer C. Ulcerative colitis 271. Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur? A. Alveoli B. Bronchioles C. Pharynx D. Larynx - Correct Answer A. Alveoli 272. What is the study of the drug receptor interaction called? A. Pharmacology B. Physiology C. Pharmacodynamics D. Pharmacokinetics - Correct Answer C. Pharmacodynamics 273. What are the primary ions involved in action potential synthesis and transmission? A. K+, Na+, Hg+++ B. Na+, K+, Ca++ C. Ca++, Na+ D. Ca++, H+ - Correct Answer B. Na+, K+, Ca++ 274. An 80 year old male is confused and in his apartment on a hot summer day. Vital signs are BP 80/P, P 132 and regular, R 40 and shallow, skin is hot and dry. What should you suspect? A. Heatstroke B. Hypoglycemia C. Heat exhaustion D. Dementia - Correct Answer A. Heatstroke 275. What will initial compensatory mechanisms do during hemorrhaging? A. Decrease respiratory rate and increase heart rate. B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. C. Increase cardiac output and reduce mean arterial pressure. D. Decrease peripheral vascular resistance and increase respiratory rate. - Correct Answer B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. 276. What molecule are ketone bodies metabolized from? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Glycogen D. Proteins - Correct Answer B. Lipids 277. What neural signal prevents the lungs from overinflating? A. Crutzfelts-Jacobs reflex B. Epstein-Barr reflex C. Frank-Starling reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex - Correct Answer D. Hering-Breuer reflex 278. A 72 year old female woke with dyspnea. Crackles are audible to her scapulae bilaterally. She is coughing frothy pink sputum. Vital signs are BP 158/98, P 128, R 8. What should you do to improve her minute volume? A. Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingual B. Administer furosemide 1 mg/kg IV at 20 mg/min C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM D. Provide oxygen by non-rebreather mask - Correct Answer C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM 279. A 55 year old female was in a motor vehicle crash. She starts vomiting while you attempt to nasotracheally intubate her. What should you do? A. Remove the tube and use an ET tube. B. Auscultate breath sounds over the lungs and epigastrium. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. D. Attempt to intubate through her other nostril. - Correct Answer C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. 280. A 43 year old patient was struck in the chest and has a large bruise over her sternum. She states that her heart "feels like it is beating funny. The 3 lead ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation and frequent unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Vital signs are BP 108/80, P 124 and irregular, R 22. What medication should you administer? A. Adenosine, 6 mg over five minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes C. Lidocaine, 1.0 mg/kg over 10 minutes D. Magnesium, 1.5 mg over 5 minutes - Correct Answer B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes 281. A 30 year old female is delivering a newborn. Which areas of the newborn's head should you avoid touching? A. Eyes and jaw B. Mouth and fontanelles C. Mouth and nose D. Eyes and fontanelles - Correct Answer D. Eyes and fontanelles 282. What does asymmetrical chest wall movement that weakens respiratory efficiency indicate? A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal obstruction D. Air embolism - Correct Answer A. Flail chest 283. Which of the following should be documented on any patient refusal report? A. The style and type of vehicle the patient drives B. The last time the patient saw a primary care physician C. The patient's job occupation D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed - Correct Answer D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed 284. What is a contraindication of an oropharyngeal airway? A. Broken teeth B. A basal skull fracture C. A gag reflex D. A GCS greater than 5 - Correct Answer C. A gag reflex 285. What occurs naturally in white blood cells and produces allergic and inflammatory reactions? A. Histamine blockers B. Leukotrienes C. Eosinophils D. Thromboxanes - Correct Answer B. Leukotrienes 286. The negative electrode is placed on the right arm, the positive electrode is placed on the left leg, the ground lead is on the left arm. This represents the correct lead placement for what Lead? A. MCL Lead. B. Lead I. C. Lead II. D. Lead III. - Correct Answer C. Lead II. 287. An unresponsive 20 yo male struck his head. Vital signs are BP 180/20, P 40, R 8. What should you do? A. Perform endotracheal intubation B. Ventilate using a BVM at 12/min C. Apply oxygen 10lpm via mask D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine - Correct Answer D. Administer 0.5 mg Atropine 288. Expiratory stridor indicates obstruction or narrowing of what part of the airway? A. Lower trachea 301. What classification is give to drugs that have accepted medical indications but a high abuse potential that may lead to physical or psychological dependence? A. Schedule II B. Schedule III C. Schedule IV D. Schedule V - Correct Answer A. Schedule II 302. The end tidal CO2 detector is reading 0 mmHg after endotracheal intubation. Where does this indicate your tube has been placed? A. Left mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus C. Trachea D. Right mainstem bronchus - Correct Answer B. Esophagus 303. A 50 year old male complains of light headedness and chest discomfort. Vital signs are BP 100/86, P 40, R 16. An ECG reveals a second degree type I AV block. What should you do? A. Start transcutaneous pacing B. Administer atropine C. Administer amiodarone D. Start a dopamine drip - Correct Answer B. Administer atropine 304. Which of the following hormones affects the body's biological clock? A. Calcitonin B. Cortisol C. Melatonin D. Aldosterone - Correct Answer C. Melatonin 305. Your successfully placed Endotracheal tube with a capnometry of 29 suddenly decreases to 4. What method would you use to determine the cause? A. LEMONS B. MOANS C. RODS D. DOPE - Correct Answer D. DOPE 306. When communicating via the radio to your receiving hospital, it is common practice to use the "echo procedure." This procedure A. ensures that only the important facts have been communicated. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. C. eliminates the use of words that are difficult to understand during the transmission.. D. conforms to HIPPA by protecting the patient's privacy. - Correct Answer B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. 307. "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/MH2009/aeh82892_3512_11412.jpg"><br> In this image, what does the circles dark tissue of the heart illustrate? A. cardiac contusion B. pericardial effusion C. pulmonary contusion D. cardiac laceration - Correct Answer A. cardiac contusion 308. A 55 year old male patient complains of shortness of breath and chest tightness. His skin is pale and cool, and his respirations are 30 and shallow. You should deliver oxygen via: A. Nonrebreather mask. B. Bag-valve mask. C. Nasal cannula. D. CPAP device. - Correct Answer B. Bag-valve mask. 309. A joint dislocation occurs when the normal articulating ends of two or more bones are displaced. A complete dislocation is called a ____. A. Luxation B. sprain C. subluxation D. strain - Correct Answer C. subluxation 310. A contraindication for the use of morphine sulfate is: A. pulmonary edema B. kidney stones C. hypovolemia D. chest pain - Correct Answer C. hypovolemia 311. How should you treat an impaled object in the abdomen? A. Remove the object, and apply a porous dressing moistened with sterile saline to the wound. B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. C. Remove the object, apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. D. Manual secure the object and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize the object. - Correct Answer B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. 312. A 34 year old female complains of an open sore on her leg that will not go away. She says that she cut her leg while shaving in the shower at her local gym 2 weeks ago. Her doctor prescribed antibiotics, but nothing has changed. What should you suspect? A. Boils B. MRSA C. Varicose vein D. Necrotizing fasciitis - Correct Answer B. MRSA 313. After intubation you hear gurgling over the stomach and no breath sounds over the chest. What should you suspect? A. Esophageal intubation B. Right mainstem placement C. A malfunction of the ET tube D. Proper placement - Correct Answer A. Esophageal intubation 314. When examining the abdomen of a female who is five months pregnant, where would you expect to palpate the superior portion of the uterus? A. Above the symphysis pubis B. Hypochondriac region C. Epigastric region. D. At the umbilicus - Correct Answer D. At the umbilicus 315. A 26 year old female is trapped after a motor vehicle collision. The driver's side window is broken, the airbags did not deploy, and the car came to rest on a steep grassy slope. When approaching her, what should you do? A. Pop the hood to disconnect the battery. B. Cut out the windshield to gain access. C. Have her sit perfectly still. D. Place cribbing under the tires. - Correct Answer D. Place cribbing under the tires. 316. What is the leading cause of infant and child death? A. Allergic reactions B. Congenital defects C. Vascular stenosis D. Respiratory arrest - Correct Answer D. Respiratory arrest 317. What is the initial effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart? A. Decrease the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. B. Increase the heart rate and increase stroke volume. C. Increase the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. D. Decrease the heart rate and increase stroke volume. - Correct Answer A. Decrease the heart rate and decrease stroke volume. 318. Firefighters pulled a 44 year old male from a burning house. His lips and nasal hairs are burnt. Vital signs are BP 160/90, P 98, R 32, SaO2 94%. What should you do? A. Insert a combitube B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway C. Endotracheally intubate D. Ventilate using a bag-valve-mask - Correct Answer C. Endotracheally intubate 319. A patient with a history of sickle cell disease states he is in another crisis. You should C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. D. So the ventricles can contract completely. - Correct Answer C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. 333. What is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain called? A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Aneurysm D. Hydrocephalis - Correct Answer A. Meningitis 334. A 66 year old female has shortness of breath and diffuse back pain. Auscultation of lungs reveal crackles in the bases. Vital signs are BP 170/110 and P 112. What should you do administer? A. Furosemide B. Nitroglycerin C. Albuterol D. Adenosine - Correct Answer B. Nitroglycerin 335. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for basic reflexes like chewing and swallowing? A. Amygdala B. Cranial nerves C. Midbrain D. Medulla oblongata - Correct Answer B. Cranial nerves 336. A 28 year old female complains of dyspnea while eating dinner at a restaurant. She has audible wheezing and facial swelling with urticaria. Vital signs are BP 100/72, P 130, R 24, SpO2 94%. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Establish two large bore IVs. C. Position her supine. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. - Correct Answer D. Administer high-flow oxygen. 337. Why do you avoid flexion of the wrist once the laryngoscope is in the mouth? A. Injury to the upper teeth B. Laceration of the vallecula C. Injury to the lower teeth D. Laceration of the tongue - Correct Answer A. Injury to the upper teeth 338. You are at a chemical plant where 12 workers are exposed to chemical fumes. They have severe dyspnea and are moaning on the ground. What should you do? A. Administer 2 mg of Atropine every three to five minutes B. Administer oxygen at 15 LPM via NRB mask C. Set up an incident command post D. Begin triage - Correct Answer C. Set up an incident command post 339. In the Incident Management System, what is the Liaison Officer is responsible for? A. Supporting incident operations. B. All of the on scene actions. C. Collecting data from the incident and releases it to the press. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. - Correct Answer D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. 340. A 57 year old female was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact collision. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe she traveled "up and over" the dashboard, instead of "down and under"? A. A patellar dislocation B. A flail chest C. A ruptured diaphragm D. A cervical spine fracture - Correct Answer C. A ruptured diaphragm 341. An elderly male fell 12 feet onto a concrete surface and complains of head, neck, and back pain. He states he is having difficulty breathing. You note fractures of his right upper arm and lower leg. What should you do? A. Endotracheally intubate and immobilize the spine. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. C. Perform a detailed assessment including vital signs. D. Take spinal precautions and apply the PASG. - Correct Answer B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. 342. What animal carries Lyme disease? A. Wasp B. Bee C. Spider D. Tick - Correct Answer D. Tick 343. An alert 75 year old male after slipped on his wet sidewalk. He is sober and denies hitting his head. He states his legs just went out from under him and he fell to his right knee. His right leg is internally rotated and shortened. Vital signs are BP 110/40, P 96, R 18. What should you suspect? A. Hip fracture B. Femur fracture C. Hip dislocation D. Spinal injury - Correct Answer C. Hip dislocation 344. A 42 year old male has itchy skin and hives on his lower right leg. He states that he was mowing the lawn when this occurred. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92 and regular, and R16 unlabored. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Apply an ice pack to the rash. C. Administer epinephrine. D. Apply antibiotic ointment. - Correct Answer A. Administer diphenhydramine. 345. You arrive on the scene of a three-car motor vehicle collision. Two of the cars have major damage and some debris is scattered in the roadway. What should you do? A. Immediately begin triage of the injured patients. B. Call your supervisor to provide incident command. C. Contact your dispatch and request more ambulances. D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. - Correct Answer D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. 346. When should continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be discontinued? A. Patient develops hypotension B. Patient has crackling lung sounds C. Patient's symptoms are resolved D. Patient is wheezing - Correct Answer A. Patient develops hypotension 347. The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than ________ of blood volume. A. 30% B. 10% C. 20% D. 40% - Correct Answer D. 40% 348. A 40 year old female has chronic bronchitis and has a productive cough of white sputum. She also has JVD, peripheral edema, and hypercapnia. An ECG shows an increase P wave amplitude. What else should you suspect? A. Emphysema B. Asthma C. Picwickian Syndrome D. Cor Pulmonale - Correct Answer D. Cor Pulmonale 349. A 29 year old male was an unrestrained driver of a car crash. Vital signs are BP 114/98, P 136 and weak, R 28 and shallow. He has jugular vein distension and breath sounds are equal bilaterally. Heart sounds are very distant. What should you suspect? A. Pericardial tamponade B. Hemothorax C. Tension pneumothorax D. Simple pneumothorax - Correct Answer A. Pericardial tamponade 350. A 28 year old 32 week gestation patient complains of severe hand pain and deformity after slamming it in a car door. Vital signs are BP 110/70, P 80, R 14. In what position should you transport her? A. Left lateral B. Supine C. Prone 363. A 59 year old female has a severe asthma attack. What is the dose and route of ipratropium bromide you should administer? A. 0.125-0.25 mg, nebulized B. 0.5 mg, nebulized C. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously. D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously - Correct Answer B. 0.5 mg, nebulized 364. Where do afferent fibers transmit impulses from? A. The central nervous system to the sensory nerves. B. Motor nerves to the central nervous system. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. D. The central nervous system to the motor nerves. - Correct Answer C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. 365. What sign or symptom may result from a digoxin overdose? A. Hypokalemia B. Bradycardia C. Hypoglycemia D. Altered mental status - Correct Answer B. Bradycardia 366. You deliver a baby boy without difficulty. He is blue and not crying. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs and cut the umbilical cord. B. Allow him to begin feeding to promote oxytocin stimulation. C. Start compressions and ventilate with supplemental oxygen. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. - Correct Answer D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. 367. You are called to evaluate a 28 year old male. He is afraid of you and recoils when you approach him. He states he is hearing voices and appears to be hallucinating. What should you suspect? A. Anxiety attack B. Bipolar disorder C. Mood disorder D. Schizophrenia - Correct Answer D. Schizophrenia 368. What structure in the brain controls ventilation? A. Medulla B. Cerebellum C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon - Correct Answer A. Medulla 369. What type of procedure does a patient with chronic renal failure undergo? A. Renal hemolysis B. Peritoneal hemolysis C. Renal calculi D. Renal dialysis - Correct Answer D. Renal dialysis 370. What is an effect of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis? A. Negative chronotropic effect B. Inflammatory decrease C. Peripheral vasodilation D. Bronchoconstriction - Correct Answer B. Inflammatory decrease 371. A 52 year old patient with a history of liver failure complains of shortness of breath and abdominal swelling. What should you suspect? A. Acute MI B. Aortic aneurysm C. Bladder blockage D. Ascites - Correct Answer D. Ascites 372. How many times faster does heat loss occur during water immersion as compared to air exposure? A. 2 B. 50 C. 25 D. 100 - Correct Answer C. 25 373. Wolf Parkinson White syndrome originates from accessory pathways in what part of the heart? A. Purkinje fibers B. Bundle Branch C. Bundle of Kent D. Bundle of His - Correct Answer C. Bundle of Kent 374. A 45 year old male has been injured in a house fire and has burnt nasal hairs. He also makes high-pitch noises with inspiration. How are these respirations defined? A. Wheezing B. Snoring C. Stridor D. Rhonchi - Correct Answer C. Stridor 375. What is a high pitched noise heard during inspiration in a partial airway obstruction? A. Cough B. Dyspnea C. Stridor D. Dyphonia - Correct Answer C. Stridor 376. What is the normal arterial pO2 level at sea level? A. 80-100 mmHg B. 60-80 mmHg C. 40-60 mmHg D. 100-120 mmHg - Correct Answer A. 80-100 mmHg 377. Your patient has a small, sucking puncture wound on the right side of his chest. How should you dress the wound? A. Moist gauze. B. Roller gauze. C. An occlusive dressing. D. Butterfly bandages. - Correct Answer C. An occlusive dressing. 378. Which of the following is the first sign of shock that usually appears in patients? A. Altered mental status B. Nausea and vomiting C. Changes in vital signs D. Pale, cool, and clammy skin - Correct Answer A. Altered mental status 379. A patient has lost 800 mL of blood. Vital signs are BP 110/80, P 100, R 24. Which class of hemorrhagic shock are they experiencing? A. Class 2 B. Class 3 C. Class 1 D. Class 4 - Correct Answer A. Class 2 380. What should you do to control post-delivery bleeding? A. Massage gently over her uterus. B. Squeeze her legs together. C. Place her in the recovery position. D. Place moist dressings in her uterus. - Correct Answer A. Massage gently over her uterus. 381. What is the painless, progressive enlargement of tissue found mainly in the lymph nodes and spleen known as? A. Leukemia B. Polycythemia C. Hemolytic anemia D. Hodgkin's disease - Correct Answer D. Hodgkin's disease 382. Why do you administer epinephrine to a patient in cardiac arrest? A. Increased rate of conduction. B. Increased blood flow to the heart and brain. C. Increased contractility of cardiac muscle. D. Increased bronchodilation. - Correct Answer B. Increased blood flow to the heart and brain. 396. Which of the following best describes simple extrication? A. Opening an undamaged door B. Using the jaws of life C. Using a hammer D. Using a center punch - Correct Answer A. Opening an undamaged door 397. A 70 year old female has a femur fracture. How much blood loss could she experience? A. 1500 mL B. 250 mL C. 3000 mL D. 500 mL - Correct Answer A. 1500 mL 398. In what part of the ECG phase is a shock delivered in synchronized cardioversion? A. P wave B. T wave C. S wave D. R wave - Correct Answer D. R wave 399. An unconscious 40 year old male has overdosed on alcohol and cocaine. The patient is a known diabetic. Vital signs: HR 130, BP 120/100, R8. You should A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask B. Check a blood glucose level C. Perform endotracheal intubation D. Establish intravenous access - Correct Answer A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask 400. A 67 year old female with a suspected stroke, has difficulty swallowing and is unable to speak. Which cranial nerve is affected? A. Abducens B. Hypoglossal C. Trochlear D. Vestibulocochlear - Correct Answer B. Hypoglossal 401. A 30 year old male complains of difficulty breathing with a productive cough and brown sputum. He has had fever and chills for 3 days. Lung sounds reveal crackles in lower lobes. Vital signs are BP 130/60, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Transport in position of comfort without further treatment. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. C. Nasally intubate the patient and assist with his respirations using a BVM. D. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather and administer furosemide 40 mg IV. - Correct Answer B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. 402. When assessing a supine patient involved in a motor vehicle collision, the patient complains of left should pain. This indicates: A. Grey Turner's sign B. Kehr's sign C. Murphy's sign D. Cullen's sign - Correct Answer B. Kehr's sign 403. What will compromise your ability to develop rapport and trust with a patient? A. Using the patient's name as often as possible B. Speaking with a normal rate of speech C. Asking closed-ended questions D. Maintaining a calm appearance. - Correct Answer C. Asking closed-ended questions 404. What are agonal respirations? A. Deep, rapid, and regular breaths. B. Shallow, slow, and irregular gasping breaths. C. Deep, very slow and irregular breaths. D. Shallow, rapid, and regular panting breaths. - Correct Answer B. Shallow, slow, and irregular gasping breaths. 405. A 67 year old female is unconscious at the bottom of a flight of stairs. She responds to pain by stiffening her arms and legs but no external trauma is noted. Vital signs are BP 176/122, P 66, R 22 and irregular. What should you suspect? A. A lung injury B. Decompensated shock C. Hypovolemic shock D. A head injury - Correct Answer D. A head injury 406. In asystole, what is the first medication you would administer? A. Lidocaine B. Sodium Bicarbonate C. Atropine D. Epinephrine - Correct Answer D. Epinephrine 407. A 25 year old male attempted to commit suicide by taking 6 mg Lorazepam. What is your greatest concern? A. Circulatory alkalosis B. Agitated outbursts of anger C. Respiratory depression D. Hyperemesis - Correct Answer C. Respiratory depression 408. Why are elderly trauma patients at risk for fluid overload and pulmonary edema as a result of intravenous therapy? A. Decreased chest wall compliance and movement B. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity to pressure C. Decreased renal function and stroke volume D. Decreased chemoreceptor sensitivity - Correct Answer C. Decreased renal function and stroke volume 409. What is the mechanism of action for amiodarone? A. Inhibits cardiac action potential in phase 0 B. Slows AV conduction transmittance C. Prolongs cardiac action potential in phase 3 D. Stabilizes all cardiac action potential membranes. - Correct Answer C. Prolongs cardiac action potential in phase 3 410. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in asthma patients? A. Digitalis B. Calcium Chloride C. Epinephrine D. Propranolol - Correct Answer D. Propranolol 411. A 57 year old male with CHF has shortness of breath, coughing, and blood-tinged sputum. Vital signs are BP 140/88, P 86, R 28. What should you do? A. Aspirin, sublingual nitroglycerin, CPAP B. Morphine, aspirin, CPAP C. CPAP, morphine, intramuscular nitroglycerin D. Sublingual nitroglycerin, morphine, CPAP - Correct Answer A. Aspirin, sublingual nitroglycerin, CPAP 412. What is status epilepticus? A. Two or more continuous seizures B. When the patient sees an aura prior to a seizure C. A seizure that occurs during a fever D. A seizure affecting one area of the body - Correct Answer A. Two or more continuous seizures 413. A 60 year-old female presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious and confused with rapid respirations and clear, equal breath sounds. What should you do? A. Assist her respirations with a BVM. B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. C. Use a nasal cannula at 2 L/min. D. Insert an oral airway adjunct. - Correct Answer B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. 414. Which complication of pregnancy can occur during the first trimester? A. Placenta previa B. Eclampsia C. Abortion D. Abruptio placenta - Correct Answer C. Abortion 428. A 26 year old male asthmatic complains of difficulty breathing. You administer albuterol, what should you suspect? A. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial constriction. B. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial constriction. C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation. D. Suppression of heart activity and bronchial dilation. - Correct Answer C. Stimulation of the heart and bronchial dilation 429. What is an enteral route for medication administration? A. Subcutaneous B. Sublingual C. Intravenous D. Topical - Correct Answer B. Sublingual 430. Which of the following behaviors may be considered abusive? A. Placing a child on "time-out" when they misbehave. B. Insisting a high school senior work a weekend job to earn money toward her college education. C. Placing a grandparent in nursing care when the burdens of extended care become unmanageable. D. Requiring a child to help out with chores around the house to earn their allowance. E. Withholding of asthma medication from a child who refuses to finish eating dinner. - Correct Answer E. Withholding of asthma medication from a child who refuses to finish eating dinner. 431. When viewing a three channel cardiac monitor, leads I and II display artifact, and lead III shows a clear reading. Based on Einthoven's Triangle, you should A. monitor the patient by paddles. B. replace the right arm electrode. C. monitor only in lead III. D. discontinue cardiac monitoring. - Correct Answer B. replace the right arm electrode. 432. Which structure in the kidney forms urine? A. Renal tube B. Renal medulla C. Nephron D. Renal cortex - Correct Answer C. Nephron 433. A positive deflection on the ECG tracing paper indicates that the electrical impulse is A. traveling perpendicular to the lead. B. moving toward the negative electrode. C. non existent. D. moving toward the positive electrode. - Correct Answer D. moving toward the positive electrode. 434. What condition results with the presence of an elevated intraocular pressure within the eye that can lead to vision loss? A. Strabismus B. Nystagmus C. Cataracts D. Glaucoma - Correct Answer D. Glaucoma 435. What are written instructions expressing an individual's health care wishes in the event that they are incapacitated? A. Health care surrogates B. Medical practice directives C. Health care affidavits D. Advance directives - Correct Answer D. Advance directives 436. A 25 year old male was found lying on the bottom of a pool. The lifeguard pulled him out and laid him beside the pool before calling EMS. He is unresponsive and not breathing. What should you do? A. Stabilize c-spine and assist his ventilations. B. Stabilize c-spine and intubate. C. Place the patient on his side and suction. D. Assist his ventilations with a BVM. - Correct Answer A. Stabilize c-spine and assist his ventilations. 437. A 22 year old male hit a tree at a high speed and was thrown 20 feet. He has a rigid abdomen and you determine him to be in hypovolemic shock. Where is he most likely bleeding? A. Liver and kidney B. Spleen and pancreas C. Spleen and stomach D. Liver and spleen - Correct Answer D. Liver and spleen 438. A 65 year old female complains of heart palpitations and dizziness after her dialysis. An ECG reveals peaked T waves and bigeminal PVCs. What should you suspect? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypomagnesia C. Bundle branch block D. Hypercalcemia - Correct Answer A. Hyperkalemia 439. Which of the following mechanisms of injury would likely result in coup-contrecoup trauma? A. A low-energy projectile. B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. C. A fall from over 20 feet. D. Diving into shallow water. - Correct Answer B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. 440. A pregnant female has a grand mal seizure during active labor. What should you administer? A. Oxygen B. Valium C. Sodium bicarbonate D. Magnesium sulfate - Correct Answer D. Magnesium sulfate 441. A 32 year old pregnant female complains of profuse vaginal bleeding. She denies any abdominal pain or discomfort. What should you suspect? A. Ruptured ovarian cyst B. Abruptio placenta C. Uterine rupture D. Placenta previa - Correct Answer D. Placenta previa 442. When is it necessary to wear gloves, gown, mask, and protective eyewear? A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth B. Oral suctioning on a tuberculosis patient C. Administering an IM injection to a MRSA patient D. Starting an IV on an AIDS patient - Correct Answer A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth 443. A 22 year old male complains of abdominal and joint pain following a dive. What should you suspect? A. Decompression sickness B. Pulmonary barotrauma C. Pneumomediastinum D. Tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer A. Decompression sickness 444. A 34 year old female has a contusion above her left breast and left lateral torso after a motor vehicle collision. Vital signs are BP 102/64, P 96, R 18. During transport, her vital signs become BP 90/76, P 118, R 24. Breath sounds are absent on the left side. What should you do? A. Begin chest compressions B. Administer oxygen therapy C. Initiate IV therapy D. Decompress the chest - Correct Answer D. Decompress the chest 445. An 18 year old female is found conscious and alert but trapped in her car after a single motor vehicle crash. The air bag deployed and she denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When your patient is finally extricated from C. Ectopic pregnancy D. An acute urinary tract infection - Correct Answer B. Pelvic inflammatory disease 458. What buffer is used to maintain acid-base chemistry in the blood? A. Water B. Bicarbonate C. Chloride/sodium D. Sodium/potassium - Correct Answer B. Bicarbonate 459. A 26 year old male scuba diver reports severe joint pain an hour after ascent. Vitals are: BP 110/68, P 60, R 14, and SpO2 100%. What should you do? A. Transport to a hyperbaric facility. B. Provide oxygen via a CPAP mask. C. Establish an IV to provide pain relief. D. Administer oxygen via an NRB. - Correct Answer D. Administer oxygen via an NRB. 460. What specialized bands of tissue are inserted between myocardial cells that increase the rate of cellular conduction? A. Purkinje system B. Intercalated discs C. Atrial syncytium D. Internodal paths - Correct Answer B. Intercalated discs 461. A 45 year old female with a 10 year cardiac history complains of severe dyspnea. She takes furosemide daily and has frothy sputum. Lung sounds reveal bilateral crackles. Vital signs are BP 90/70, P 56, R 32, SpO2 93%. What should you do? A. Begin rapid sequence intubation (RSI). B. Intubate and assist ventilations via bag-valve mask. C. Assist her respirations and administer nitroglycerin. D. Initiate CPAP and administer furosemide. - Correct Answer C. Assist her respirations and administer nitroglycerin. 462. What is the generic name for Dilaudid? A. hydrochlorothiazide B. hydromorphone C. codeine D. hydrocodone - Correct Answer B. hydromorphone 463. What is the responsibility of the Safety Officer? A. Collects hazard and risk data for documentation B. Supports operations C. Monitors the scene for potential hazards D. Alerts media regarding hazards to the community - Correct Answer C. Monitors the scene for potential hazards 464. How is cardiac output calculated? A. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. B. Heart rate divided by stroke volume. C. Heart rate added to stroke volume. D. Stroke volume divided by heart rate. - Correct Answer A. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. 465. What condition is NOT commonly associated with sickle cell anemia? A. Excessive bleeding B. Renal disease C. Musculoskeletal pain D. Abdominal pain - Correct Answer A. Excessive bleeding 466. What is a form of off line or indirect medical control signed by the medical director? A. Medical direction B. Advanced directive C. Protocol D. Standing order - Correct Answer D. Standing order 467. You find a critically injured female in single vehicle automobile collision on a rural road. What additional resource should you mobilize? A. Local sheriff B. A second ambulance C. A rescue squad D. Air medical transport - Correct Answer D. Air medical transport 468. An alert 65 year old male speaks in 2 word dyspnea. He has a 10 year cardiac history. Lung sounds reveal crackles in the bases with expiratory wheezing. Vital signs are BP 140/90, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain IV access C. Acquire a 12 lead ECG D. Administer aspirin - Correct Answer D. Administer aspirin 469. After several attempts at intubating a patient you are unsuccessful. What should you do? A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. B. Continue your attempts until you are too exhausted to continue. C. Provide high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. D. Call medical control and request permission to stop the code. - Correct Answer A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. 470. An 8 year old complains of severe lower leg pain. He was released from a local emergency room 8 hours ago following treatment for a closed tibia fracture. The whole lower leg is swollen, pale and has decreased sensation. What should you suspect? A. An acute arterial occlusion B. Compartment syndrome C. Ineffective immobilization D. An associated calf muscle strain - Correct Answer B. Compartment syndrome 471. What is the most common cause of abdominal trauma? A. Gun shot wounds B. Multiple stab wounds C. Blunt trauma D. Motor vehicle crashes - Correct Answer C. Blunt trauma 472. Which sound indicates an upper airway obstruction? A. Rales B. Wheezing C. Crackles D. Stridor E. Rhonchi - Correct Answer D. Stridor 473. Where should you position your vehicle at a motor vehicle collision on the highway? A. 500 feet behind the patient's vehicle B. At a location determined by law enforcement C. At a staging area D. In front of the patient's vehicle - Correct Answer D. In front of the patient's vehicle 474. To administer dextrose, what must a patient's blood sugar be under? A. 40 mg/dL B. 100 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL - Correct Answer D. 60 mg/dL 475. You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. There is no fire, leaking fluid, or fumes. How far from the wreckage should you park? A. 15 feet B. 150 feet C. 50 feet D. 100 feet - Correct Answer C. 50 feet 476. Oral hypoglycemic agents primarily work by what mechanism? A. Stimulate the creation of insulin B. Stimulate the release of insulin C. Lower sugar production C. Flail chest D. Tension pneumothorax - Correct Answer A. Hemothorax 490. It is 0300 and you respond to a person having a headache. There is no traffic on the road at this time. How should you respond? A. With lights and sirens. B. Expeditiously without lights and sirens. C. With lights only. D. Routine, without lights and sirens. - Correct Answer A. With lights and sirens. 491. A 58 year old male complains of fever, nausea and blood tinged sputum for the past 3 weeks. He has bilateral rhonchi in all fields and says that it is difficult to catch his breath because he has been coughing so much. What should you do? A. Cover his face with a surgical mask B. Obtain a baseline set of vitals C. Administer a diuretic and apply oxygen D. Apply oxygen and start an IV - Correct Answer A. Cover his face with a surgical mask 492. A 41 year old male has been injured in an explosion at a chemical laboratory. He has a ruptured tympanic membranes and sinus injuries. At what phase of the blast did the patient sustain the sinus injuries? A. Ultimate B. Primary C. Tertiary D. Secondary - Correct Answer B. Primary 493. An alert 87 year old woman has peripheral cyanosis and complains of dyspnea. Vitals signs are BP 150/70, P 110, R 26. Suddenly she passes out on her sofa. What should you do? A. Insert a nasal airway and apply high flow oxygen. B. Check her airway for a FBAO. C. Position her airway using a modified jaw thrust maneuver. D. Use a head-tilt/chin-lift and assist her ventilations. - Correct Answer D. Use a head-tilt/chin-lift and assist her ventilations. 494. What neurotransmitter is found in the synapse between the alpha or beta receptors and the postganglionic neuron? A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. Adrenaline D. Acetylcholine - Correct Answer A. Norepinephrine 495. A 38 year old male has been struck with a brick. His words are incomprehensible, and he has no eye opening or motor response. He has unequal pupils and has blood draining from his left ear. Vital signs are BP 178/110, P 58, R 8. What should you suspect? A. A narcotic overdose B. Subdural hematoma C. A basal skull fracture D. Hypovolemic shock - Correct Answer C. A basal skull fracture 496. Which of the following patients should have the pneumatic anti-shock garment applied and inflated? A. 22 year old female gunshot wound to the flank, BP 84/44 B. 35 year old female blunt abdominal trauma, BP 180/90. C. 25 year old male head injury, apneic and tachycardia, BP 86/30 D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 - Correct Answer D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 497. What mechanism does the body lose the majority of heat? A. Evaporation B. Conduction C. Convection D. Radiation - Correct Answer D. Radiation 498. What is the expected breathing rate for a child under the age of eight? A. 10-20 breaths per min. B. 5-10 breaths per min. C. 20-40 breaths per min. D. 40-60 breaths per min. - Correct Answer C. 20-40 breaths per min. 499. What level should EMS Professionals responding to high risk low incident rescues be trained? A. Operations B. Specialist C. Awareness D. Technical - Correct Answer C. Awareness 500. What is an abnormal respiratory pattern characterized by deep, rapid breaths? A. Kussmaul's B. Cheyne-Stokes C. Ataxic (Biot's) D. Apneustic - Correct Answer A. Kussmaul's 501. What is your priority as the incident commander at a mass casualty incident? A. Monitor incident organization. B. Notification of the media. C. Directing extrication of casualties. D. Ensuring safety of EMS personnel. - Correct Answer A. Monitor incident organization. 502. A 31 year old female has gun shot wound to the right lateral chest. She is awake and alert with obvious difficulty breathing. Where should she be transported? A. Respiratory center B. Trauma center C. Local hospital D. Emergency department - Correct Answer B. Trauma center 503. What does chronotropy refer to? A. Stroke volume B. Blood pressure C. Cardiac output D. Heart rate - Correct Answer D. Heart rate 504. A healthy, athletic male undergoes a routine physical screening. He presents in no acute distress. His ECG shows the following rhythm: "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/EKGParis1.png" (Sinus Brady at 60 BPM) You should: A. initiate IV access and administer atropine 0.5 mg. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. C. prepare for immediate transcutaneous pacing. D. administer a fluid bolus of 250 cc and reevaluate. - Correct Answer B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. 505. What is a psychosomatic complaint? A. An often delusional mental state characterized by feelings of dejection, insomnia, or weight loss. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. C. A feeling of apprehension, uncertainty, and fear. D. A mental disorder characterized by abnormal suspicions or other delusions. - Correct Answer B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. 506. Which statement about suicide is correct? A. People who talk about suicide rarely act on it. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. C. All suicidal people are mentally ill. D. The suicide rate is lowest during holiday seasons. - Correct Answer B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. 507. You respond to a call when you see a stopped school bus with its red lights flashing. What should you do? 519. A 24 year old female was burned in a fire. She has third degree burns to her anterior chest, both her arms and hands, and burns to her face and head. What percentage of her body is burned? A. 27% B. 45% C. 18% D. 36% - Correct Answer D. 36% 520. How should EMS units respond to violent situations to ensure safety? A. Remain away from the scene and have law enforcement bring the patient to you. B. Enter as quickly as possible because every patient needs prompt treatment. C. Enter the scene before law enforcement to avoid any potential confrontation. D. Remain away from the scene until law enforcement arrives and secures the scene. - Correct Answer D. Remain away from the scene until law enforcement arrives and secures the scene 521. A 46 year old man is responsive to verbal stimuli after being stabbed. He has a bubbling wound to the left chest. His skin is cyanotic and diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 108/76, P 120 and weak, R 10 and shallow. What should you suspect? A. Simple pneumothorax B. Tension pneumothorax C. Hemothorax D. Open pneumothorax - Correct Answer D. Open pneumothorax 522. How should you alter your intubation technique for a 2 year old child? A. Do not hyperextend the neck as you visualize the vocal cords. B. Do not pre-oxygenate prior to beginning your intubation C. Insert the ET tube from the right side of the mouth. D. Insert the blade in the right side of the mouth instead of the left. - Correct Answer A. Do not hyperextend the neck as you visualize the vocal cords. 523. What is the amount of blood ejected by the heart during one cardiac contraction known as? A. Stroke volume B. Cardiac cycle C. Ejection fraction D. Diastolic volume - Correct Answer A. Stroke volume 524. A 22 year old female complained of a headache and collapsed suddenly. She has pinpoint pupils and withdraws from painful stimulus. She vomited once prior to your arrival. Vital signs are BP 190/126, P 60, R 36. What should you suspect? A. Hypoglycemia B. Grand mal seizure C. Hemorrhagic stroke D. Narcotic overdose - Correct Answer C. Hemorrhagic stroke 525. An 11 year old male has been sick for two weeks and now has a distinct "whoop" sound after he coughs. What is the most likely cause? A. Bronchitis B. Meningitis C. Pertussis D. Tuberculosis - Correct Answer C. Pertussis 526. A 24 year old male is lying supine and is unresponsive. You have opened his airway with a head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver and determined that he is apneic with a bradycardic pulse. You attempt to ventilate, but are unsuccessful. What should you do? A. Begin continuous chest compressions. B. Check for a carotid pulse. C. Reposition the airway and give 2 ventilations. D. Attempt to give 2 more forceful ventilations. - Correct Answer C. Reposition the airway and give 2 ventilations. 527. Your ALS unit responds to a 55 year-old male complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. Upon assessment, you find the patient has a rapid and regular narrow complex rhythm at a rate of 188 beats per minute. What is the correct treatment for this patient. A. Adenosine 6 mg IV Push B. Synchronized Cardioversion at 50-100 Joules C. Valsalva Maneuver D. Defibrillate at 100 Joules - Correct Answer B. Synchronized Cardioversion at 50- 100 Joules 528. How should you treat shock resulting from a tension pneumothorax? A. Pleural decompression B. Administration of a fluid challenge C. Cricothyrotomy D. Endotracheal intubation and hyperventilation - Correct Answer A. Pleural decompression 529. You respond for an unconscious 5 year old. The patient's skin is dusky, he responds to deep painful stimuli, and his breathing is slow and shallow. After initiating ventilation with a bag-valve mask, his mentation and respiratory effort do not change. His pulse is 46. What should you do? A. Initiate transport. B. Attempt to place an oral airway. C. Initiate chest compressions. D. Increase the rate of ventilation. - Correct Answer C. Initiate chest compressions. 530. Which symptoms are collectively known as Cushing's triad? A. Decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, increased respirations B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations C. Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased respirations D. Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, altered respirations - Correct Answer B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations 531. What is the inherent pacing rate of the AV junction? A. 60-100 B. 10-20 C. 20-40 D. 40-60 - Correct Answer D. 40-60 532. A 32 year old pregnant female states "I have been in labor for an hour and my water broke." What should you do? A. Transport emergently. B. Check for crowning. C. Obtain baseline vital signs. D. Obtain a SAMPLE medical history - Correct Answer B. Check for crowning. 533. What is the medical term for excessive urine production? A. Oliguria B. Hyperuria C. Polyuria D. Nocturia - Correct Answer C. Polyuria 534. What viral infection commonly found in children ages 6 months to 4 years has a distinct "seal-like" cough? A. Epiglottitis B. Croup C. Asthma D. Bronchiolitis - Correct Answer B. Croup 535. If transport is delayed or prolonged, and if circulation is impaired, an attempt should be made to reposition a grossly deformed fracture or dislocated joint (if allowed by medical control or protocol). The exception is an injury to the _____ A. Hip B. Elbow C. Knee D. Ankle - Correct Answer A. Hip 536. Which of the following manual airway maneuvers should be used to open the airway when caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury? A. Sellick's B. Jaw/tongue lift C. Head-tilt/chin lift D. Modified jaw-thrust - Correct Answer D. Modified jaw-thrust B. LeFort II C. Nasal bone D. Orbital - Correct Answer D. Orbital 550. A 40 year old male is unresponsive and pale, and you notice a deformity above his right wrist and bruising around his navel. His wife tells you that her husband was out drinking the previous evening and he stumbled while walking up the front steps. What should you suspect? A. Alcohol poisoning B. Hypoglycemia C. An extremity fracture D. Internal bleeding - Correct Answer D. Internal bleeding 551. A 34 year old male was hit in the chest with a baseball bat. Portions of his chest move in the opposite directions when he breathes. What should you suspect? A. Pulmonary contusion B. Pneumothorax C. Rib fracture D. Flail chest - Correct Answer D. Flail chest 552. You arrive at motor vehicle collision involving two cars and four patients. There is no entrapment and the scene is safe. Which command system should be utilized? A. Unified command B. Singular command C. NIMS command D. START command - Correct Answer B. Singular command 553. A 62 year old male complains of malocclusion and numbness to the chin. You also suspect a nasal fracture with significant facial bleeding and bruising. How should you secure his airway? A. Positioning and suctioning B. A nasopharyngeal airway C. Digital intubation D. A nasotracheal ET tube - Correct Answer A. Positioning and suctioning 554. What is the correct technique when splinting a suspected finger fracture? A. Immobilize the hand and finger in a pillow and apply ice. B. Tape the fractured finger to a neighboring finger only. C. Place an arm board under the wrist and wrap with curlex. D. Apply a straight, flat, and rigid splint to the finger. - Correct Answer D. Apply a straight, flat, and rigid splint to the finger. 555. During confirmation of tube placement, you auscultate no sounds over epigastrium, breath sounds present on right side of chest but absent sounds on the left. Where do you suspect your tube is located? A. Right mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus C. Left mainstem bronchus D. Stomach - Correct Answer A. Right mainstem bronchus 556. What condition is defined by sagging muscles beneath the eye and cheek and asymmetrical movement of the mouth on one side of the face? A. Ipsilateral paralysis B. Bell's palsy C. Facial droop D. Hemi-paralysis - Correct Answer B. Bell's palsy 557. When ventilating a patient with a BVM, how do you know you are delivering effective ventilation? A. Observe good chest rise and fall B. No resistance when squeezing the BVM C. Pulse ox reading increased to 99% D. Improved color in the patient's skin - Correct Answer A. Observe good chest rise and fall 558. What relaxes bronchial smooth muscles? A. Beta agonists B. Alpha agonists C. Alpha antagonists D. Beta antagonists - Correct Answer A. Beta agonists 559. What classification is given to drugs that attach to a receptor site and block the expected response? A. Agonists B. Antagonists C. Partial agonists D. Mimetics - Correct Answer B. Antagonists 560. The spinal cord runs from the base of the brain down through the spine. The spinal cord ends at about vertebra ___. Below that area, a collection of nerve roots continues, looking somewhat like a horse's tail (cauda equina). A. T10 B. C7 C. L2 D. T7 - Correct Answer C. L2 561. What gland secretes chemical substances directly into the blood and is also called a ductless gland? A. Adrenocorticotropic B. Endocrine C. Exocrine D. Sebaceous - Correct Answer B. Endocrine 562. After assisting your patient with the self-administration of their prescribed metered- dose inhaler medication, what should you do? A. Gather an additional set of vital signs. B. Discontinue high-flow oxygenation of the patient. C. Ensure the medication belongs to the patient. D. Wait for the patient's condition to alleviate. - Correct Answer A. Gather an additional set of vital signs. 563. A 72 year old male has slurred speech and left-sided weakness. Which diagnostic assessment is most important to narrow your field impression? A. End-tidal CO2 analysis B. 12-lead electrocardiogram C. Blood glucose analysis D. Oxygen saturation - Correct Answer C. Blood glucose analysis 564. An 18 year old male is hypotensive and bradycardic. His skin is warm and dry. He was hit during a football game and lost consciousness. What should you suspect? A. Septic B. Cardiogenic C. Hypovolemic D. Neurogenic - Correct Answer D. Neurogenic 565. What is normal pulmonary artery pressure is equal to? A. Right ventricular diastolic pressure B. Right ventricular systolic pressure C. Left ventricular systolic pressure D. Left ventricular diastolic pressure - Correct Answer B. Right ventricular systolic pressure 566. You are giving 3 mg of midazolam. Your concentration is 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should you give? A. 7 B. 1 C. 5 D. 3 - Correct Answer D. 3 567. A 38 year old female has severe dyspnea and a swollen, protruding tongue. She recently left her physician's office after receiving an injection of antibiotics. What should you do? A. Perform needle cricothyrotomy. B. Insert a nasal airway. C. Administer epinephrine. C. Seizure D. Alcohol intoxication - Correct Answer D. Alcohol intoxication 581. You suspect a tension pneumothorax in a 26 year old male. How should you perform needle decompression? A. 20-22 gauge catheter above the rib in the midclavicular, 3rd intercostal space. B. 14-16 gauge catheter below the rib in the midclavicular, 3rd intercostal space. C. 20-22 gauge catheter below the rib in the midclavicular, 2nd intercostal space. D. 14-16 gauge catheter above the rib in the midclavicular, 2nd intercostal space. - Correct Answer D. 14-16 gauge catheter above the rib in the midclavicular, 2nd intercostal space. 582. A 5 year old male swallowed three of his grandmother's digoxin tablets several hours ago. He is alert and oriented. His vitals are BP 90/40, P 48 R 30. The cardiac monitor shows a sinus bradycardia with a first degree block. What should you do? A. 0.2 mg/kg atropine B. 20 mg/kg calcium chloride C. Start transcutaneous pacing D. 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine - Correct Answer C. Start transcutaneous pacing 583. Once common practice, this is now considered inappropriate because it is cause of bradycardia in neonates. A. ventilation with a BVM B. bulb suctioning C. delayed cord clamping D. flicking of the feet soles - Correct Answer B. bulb suctioning 584. _______ syndrome usually results from compressive forces or blunt trauma to muscle groups confined in tight fibrous sheaths with a minimal ability to stretch. A. Traumatic stress B. Shaken baby C. Compartment D. Post-concussion - Correct Answer C. Compartment 585. What sexually transmitted disease are cold sores are a form of? A. Chlamydia B. Herpes C. Gonorrhea D. Syphilis - Correct Answer B. Herpes 586. A 37 year old male has been pulled from the water after diving into a shallow lake. He is unconscious, flaccid, and has diaphragmatic breathing. Vital signs are BP 100/70, P 68, R 20. What should you do? A. Apply high-flow oxygen B. Manually stabilize the cervical spine C. Activate air-medical transport D. Insert a blind airway device - Correct Answer B. Manually stabilize the cervical spine 587. A 22 year old male working at a factory has recently inhaled a poison. After ensuring scene safety, what should you do? A. Insert and oral airway. B. Administer high-flow oxygen. C. Move the patient to an area outside. D. Obtain a set of vital signs. - Correct Answer C. Move the patient to an area outside. 588. A 24 year old male complains of shortness of breath. He has a dry cough and burning feeling under his sternum. His symptoms started after he finished diving two hours ago. Vital signs are BP 120/70, P 90 and regular, R 18. What should you suspect? A. An air embolism B. Pneumothorax C. Decompression sickness D. An acute cerebrovascular accident - Correct Answer C. Decompression sickness 589. What is the classification for atropine? A. Parasympatholytic B. Sympathomimetic C. Vasopressor D. Antidysrhythmic - Correct Answer A. Parasympatholytic 590. A 78 year old male complains of 10/10 chest pain with palpitations. He is short of breath. His skin is pale, cool and clammy. An ECG shows an narrow complex at a rate of 200. What should you do? A. Perform a precordial thump B. Start chest compressions C. Administer amiodarone D. Administer adenosine - Correct Answer D. Administer adenosine 591. Which neurotransmitter is found in the preganglionic sympathetic nervous system and the entire parasympathetic nervous system? A. Serotonin B. Norepinephrine. C. Acetylcholine D. Gamma-aminobutyric acid - Correct Answer C. Acetylcholine 592. A 24 year old male complains of abdominal pain, decreased appetite, weight loss, dark urine, and clay-colored stools. His upper-right quadrant is tender and rigid on palpation. What should you suspect? A. Pancreatitis B. Hepatitis C. Gastritis D. Appendicitis - Correct Answer B. Hepatitis 593. What chemical substance, released by a gland, controls processes in other glands or body systems? A. Hormone B. Steroid C. Catecholamine D. Glucocorticoid - Correct Answer A. Hormone 594. A factory worker has a 3/4 inch laceration on his forehead that bleeds through the dressings despite direct pressure. What should you do? A. Remove the dressing and apply direct digital pressure. B. Continue direct pressure and apply additional dressings. C. Apply pressure to the facial artery. D. Apply unilateral carotid pressure. - Correct Answer B. Continue direct pressure and apply additional dressings. 595. How should you place a pregnant female on a backboard? A. Raise the feet 12-18 inches in the air. B. Raise the head 12-18 inches in the air. C. You should never put them on the backboard. D. Raise the right side of the board 6-12 inches in the air. - Correct Answer D. Raise the right side of the board 6-12 inches in the air. 596. What is homeostasis? A. The body's ability to maintain a temperature equal to the external temperature. B. The control mechanism is often referred to as a positive feedback loop. C. The act of movement from higher concentrations to lower concentrations. D. The relative stability and constancy of the body's internal environment. - Correct Answer D. The relative stability and constancy of the body's internal environment. 597. A 67 year old male is complaining of crushing chest pain. Vital signs are BP 110/60, P 80, R 20. SaO2 92% Your 12 lead ECG shows S-T elevation in leads 2,3, and aVF. What should you administer? A. Oxygen B. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, and Morphine C. Oxygen, Aspirin, Morphine D. Oxygen and Aspirin - Correct Answer D. Oxygen and Aspirin 598. What does digoxin increase in the heart? A. Conduction velocity B. Heart rate