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FISDAP PARAMEDIC FINAL LATEST EXAM /PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 600+ VERIFIED Q, Exams of Nursing

FISDAP PARAMEDIC FINAL LATEST EXAM /PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 600+ VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |UPDATED

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Download FISDAP PARAMEDIC FINAL LATEST EXAM /PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 600+ VERIFIED Q and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! FISDAP PARAMEDIC FINAL LATEST EXAM /PARAMEDIC FISDAP FINAL EXAM TEST BANK 600+ VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |UPDATED 14. What is the safest and most effective landing pattern for a helicopter? A. At a slight angle like that of a jet B. Nose of the helicopter pointing up with a tail wind C. Straight up and down in a vertical motion D. Nose of the helicopter pointing down with a slow descent A. At a slight angle like that of a jet 15. During inspiration, what happens to blood flow in the thoracic cavity? A. afterload increases B. blood flow increases to the right atrium C. blood flow through the vena cava is reduced D. pressure in the aorta increases B. blood flow increases to the right atrium 16. What is the period of the cardiac cycle when stimulation will not produce any depolarization? A. Impulse refractory period B. Absolute refractory period C. Relative refractory period D. Transient refractory period B. Absolute refractory period 17. While treating a 56 year old male for chest pain, you note a few PVCs on the monitor. You print a strip and measure the distance between the normal beats on each side of the PVC. The normal sinus rhythm continues on both sides of the PVC as if it were the normal beat, even though the PVC happens sooner than the sinus beat would have. The pause after the PVC would be: A. A sign of continued ischemia B. A compensatory pause C. A non-compensatory pause D. Reynaud's Pause B. A compensatory pause 18. A 5 month old male is in cardiac arrest. Resuscitation efforts have been ongoing for 30 minutes. His heart rhythm is and has been asystolic throughout treatment. What should you do? A. Continue CPR and ACLS drugs for another thirty minutes B. Begin termination of resuscitative efforts C. Report suspected child abuse to the police D. Wait for the coroner before stopping CPR B. Begin termination of resuscitative efforts 19. Which of the following requires ATP? A. Active transport B. Osmosis C. Diffusion D. Facilitated diffusion A. Active transport 20. A 52 year old male was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact car crash. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe the patient traveled "up and over" the dashboard instead of "down and under"? A. Patellar dislocation B. Cervical spine fracture C. Ruptured diaphragm D. Flail chest C. Ruptured diaphragm 21. How does the blood flow through the heart? A. Right ventricle to right atrium to lungs to left ventricle to left atrium B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle C. Left ventricle to left atrium to lungs to right ventricle to right atrium D. Left atrium to left ventricle to lungs to right atrium to right ventricle B. Right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle 22. As soon as an infant's head is delivered, what should you do? A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. B. Rotate the shoulders to the anterolateral position. C. Examine the vulva and perineum for lacerations. D. Exert strong steady pressure on the fundus. A. Determine the location of the umbilical cord. 23. A patient has aphasia following a stroke, which lobe of the brain was affected? A. Temporal B. Occipital C. Parietal D. Frontal A. Temporal 24. What does the P wave represent with an ECG? A. Ventricular depolarization B. Atrial depolarization C. Ventricular repolarization D. Atrial repolarization B. Atrial depolarization B. Total autonomic nervous system dysfunction C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance D. Sympathetic nervous system dominance C. Parasympathetic nervous system dominance 39. What is the primary function of insulin? A. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase pancreas glycogen levels B. Increase glucose transport out of the cells and increase liver glycogen levels C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels D. Decrease glucose transport into the cells and decrease pancreas glycogen levels C. Increase glucose transport into the cells and increase liver glycogen levels 40. A 60 year old male fell onto a coffee table yesterday and he woke up this morning complaining of diffuse, dull abdominal pain. You note periumbilical bruising. What is this known as? A. Crohn's sign B. Cullen's sign C. Kehr's sign D. Grey-Turner's sign B. Cullen's sign 41. After placement of an ET tube, you find breath sounds are diminished on the left side but present on the right side. What should you do? A. Contact Medical Direction and ask for further instruction. B. Deflate and withdraw the tube while listening over the left side. C. Deflate the cuff, remove the tube and ventilate with a BVM. D. Continue ventilating the patient and secure the tube. B. Deflate and withdraw the tube while listening over the left side. 42. A 25 year old male has a closed head injury and a knife impaled in his back. He is combative and screams incomprehensible words while thrashing. What should you do? A. Titrate diazepam administration to gain control of the patient. B. Use straps and spine board to gain control of the patient. C. Use rapid sequence intubation to protect the patient. D. Request the police to restrain the patient for transport. C. Use rapid sequence intubation to protect the patient. 43. What does the body use for fuel in diabetic ketoacidosis? A. Acids B. Fats C. Glucose D. Ketones B. Fats 44. What neurotransmitter found in the brain that regulates mood, anxiety, and sleep? A. Acetylcholine B. Gamma-aminobutyric acid C. Norepinephrine D. Serotonin D. Serotonin 45. A 38 year old female complains of sudden onset of shortness of breath. She has no previous history and no allergies. Her only medications are birth control pills. Her last meal was 8 hours earlier at an airport prior to her flight home. What should you suspect? A. Allergic reaction B. Pulmonary embolus C. Influenza D. Undiagnosed asthma B. Pulmonary embolus 46. A 35 year old epileptic is actively seizing (full clonic movement). What medication should you consider? A. Verapamil B. Procainamide C. Lorazepam D. Calcium C. Lorazepam 47. What causes Tuberculosis? A. Bacteria B. Fungus C. Antibody D. Virus A. Bacteria 48. A 68 year old female with CHF took 400 mg of furosemide, and is now unresponsive. Vitals signs are BP 110/70, P 100, R 6. What should you do? A. Perform an IV fluid bolus B. Begin manual ventilations C. Administer sodium bicarbonate D. Administer nitroglycerin B. Begin manual ventilations 49. Which stage of delivery begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the baby? A. Second B. Third C. Fourth D. First A. Second 50. A 7 year old boy is found supine at the base of 15 foot high jungle gym. His teacher is unsure if he fell from the equipment. Vital signs are BP 100/90, R 0, P 42, SaO2 93%. What should you do? A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. B. Open his airway with a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. D. Start CPR. C. Open his airway with a jaw thrust maneuver. 51. What process involves a gas that travels from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Activated Transport D. Filtration A. Diffusion 52. A 12 year old male has suffered a blast injury. What phase would projectiles have caused injury to the patient? A. Primary B. Quaternary C. Tertiary D. Secondary D. Secondary 53. A 25 year old female began to experience shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. She has difficulty speaking in full sentences. Vital signs are BP 116/64, P 96 and regular, RR 24 and labored, SpO2 93% on room air. You auscultate her lung sounds and hear high-pitched lung sounds on exhalation. What should you do? A. Assist with her prescribed nitroglycerin B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer C. Administer abdominal thrusts D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask B. Administer albuterol via a nebulizer 54. You have been assigned to triage at an MCI. Your patient is bleeding from a cut on his head, R 22, P 100 radially, and he keeps asking "What happened?". What priority should be assigned to this patient? A. Yellow B. Red C. Black D. Green A. Yellow 55. A 32 year old female seated at a restaurant has severe wheezing. She is flushed, appears anxious, and has a runny nose. She states that she is allergic to shellfish and peanuts. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Epiglottitis C. Asthma D. Aspiration A. Anaphylaxis 56. You arrive on scene to find a 14 year old male leaning forward in a chair. He appears anxious, is drooling and you hear high-pitched sounds when he inhales. His mother states he has a fever and has been complaining of a sore throat. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Croup D. Epiglottitis D. Epiglottitis 57. How should you ensure that your glucometer is functioning properly? A. Insert a test strip and ensure that the glucometer turns on. C. Lyme's disease D. Influenza C. Lyme's disease 71. What the mechanism of action for glucagon? A. Convert glucose to glycogen B. Reduce blood glucose levels C. Move glucose into the cell D. Stimulate gluconeogenesis D. Stimulate gluconeogenesis 72. When delivering a radio report, it is important to A. speak continuously in order to expedite the report. B. provide a field assessment of the patient's condition. C. clearly state and spell the patient's name. D. provide a comprehensive health history. B. provide a field assessment of the patient's condition. 73. What is the primary action of insulin? A. Add a functional group during gluconeogenesis. B. Reduce the glucose consumption of the cells. C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. D. Increase blood glucose levels. C. Facilitate glucose transport into cells. 74. What cells form the initial clot following vascular injury? A. Erythrocytes B. Lymphocytes C. Thrombocytes D. Monocytes C. Thrombocytes 75. What is the first confirmation of tube placement after orotracheal intubation? A. Condensation in the ET tube. B. Auscultation of the epigastrium C. Visualizing the tube passing the vocal cords. D. End tidal CO2 confirmation. B. Auscultation of the epigastrium ? 76. A 88 year old male is combative and angry. His wife states that he is normally pleasant and calm. What intervention would narrow your differential diagnosis? A. A response to oxygen therapy B. A blood glucose reading C. If he responds to forceful control D. Cincinnati stroke scale B. A blood glucose reading 77. What does preload refer to? A. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of systole. B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. C. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the systole. D. The pressure in the filled atria at the end of the diastole. B. The pressure in the filled ventricle at the end of diastole. 78. Which immunoglobulin is mainly responsible during inflammation? A. IgM B. IgE C. IgG D. IgA B. IgE 79. What percent of oxygen is delivered with a pocket mask on room air? A. 23 B. 92 C. 17 D. 10 C. 17 ? 80. A 57 year old male complains of chest pain, shortness of breath and nausea. A 12 lead ECG shows ST elevation in Ieads V2, V3 and V4. What should you administer? A. Dopamine and oxygen. B. Aspirin and oxygen. C. Epinephrine and nitroglycerin. D. Nitroglycerine and oxygen. B. Aspirin and oxygen. 81. Which of the following is an autosomal disorder of the exocrine glands which results in physiological changes in the respiratory, GI, integumentary, and muscoskeletal systems? A. Tuberculosis B. Sickle cell anemia C. Pneumonia D. Cystic fibrosis D. Cystic fibrosis 82. What structure prevents food or liquid from entering the trachea? A. Thyroid cartilage B. Uvula C. Larynx D. Epiglottis D. Epiglottis 83. What is diphenhydramine HCL? A. Beta agonist B. Antihistamine C. Sympathomimetic D. Diuretic B. Antihistamine 84. An 18 year old male was struck in the head by a large rock. When caring for this patient, what should you continually reassess? A. Level of consciousness. B. Locomotor function. C. Pulse motor sensory. D. Quality and degree of pain. A. Level of consciousness. 85. What is the onset of action for succinylcholine? A. 15-30 seconds B. 60-90 seconds C. 3-4 minutes D. 2-3 minutes B. 60-90 seconds 86. You arrive at a house and find the occupants unconscious with the stove on. You should suspect A. carbon monoxide poisoning. B. carbon dioxide poisoning. C. medication overdose. D. cyanide poisoning. A. carbon monoxide poisoning. 87. A 76 year old female is pulseless and apneic. The ECG monitor shows asystole. What should you do? A. Administer epinephrine B. Start chest compressions C. Attempt a precordial thump D. Perform immediate defibrillation B. Start chest compressions 88. Which of the following structures serves as a passageway for both the respiratory and digestive system? A. Trachea B. Pharynx C. Esophagus D. Cricoid cartilage B. Pharynx 89. What is a highly infectious disease that causes bronchiolitis? A. RSV B. Pneumonia C. Common cold D. Asthma A. RSV 90. A 39 year old male has an angulated deformity to the humerus. You cannot feel a distal pulse and the limb is blue. What should you do? A. Contact medical control for pain medication orders. B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. C. Splint with a sling and swathe, apply ice, and transport. D. Transport emergently to the closest hospital B. Attempt to pull gentle traction and realign the bones. 91. A 23 year old male complains of diffuse lower leg pain and tension after a car accident. Pedal pulses are absent bilaterally and you note slight cyanosis in his feet. Vital signs are BP 130/90, P 88, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Iliac arterial rupture B. Bilateral tibial fractures B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength C. Speed up the heart rate and decrease contraction strength D. Slow the heart with an decrease contraction strength B. Speed up the heart rate and increase contraction strength 105. What is abnormality of breathing rate, pattern, or effort called? A. Dysphonia B. Hypoxia C. Dyspnea D. Anoxia C. Dyspnea 106. What are you required to report directly to law enforcement? A. Presence of illegal drugs B. Trauma caused by alcohol use C. Suspected child abuse D. Suspected sexual assault D. Suspected sexual assault 107. What is the function of the ductus arteriosus? A. Provide a way for fetal wastes to leave material circulation. B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. C. Allow the neonate to take a breath following delivery. D. Decrease ambient pressure in the lungs before birth. B. Allow blood to bypass the fetus's lungs before birth. 108. You are dispatched to a residence for a 67 year old female complaining of chest pain. The patient is pale, diaphoretic and describes are pain as crushing. Vital signs are BP 120/80, Pulse 100, Respirations are 22 and oxygen saturation is 90 percent. Select the correct medications in order: A. Oxygen, Morphine, Digoxin B. Metoprolol, Nitroglycerine, Aspirin C. Nitroglycerine, Aspirin D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine D. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerine 109. What inherited metabolic disease of the lungs and digestive system manifests during childhood? A. Multiple sclerosis B. Cerebral palsy C. Cystic fibrosis D. Sickle cell disease C. Cystic fibrosis 110. Which stage of shock occurs when cardiac output and systolic blood pressures are maintained by increasing catecholamine production? A. Compensated shock B. Uncompensated shock C. Irreversible shock D. Diffuse shock A. Compensated shock 111. How many people does it take to provide Optimal BVM ventilation? A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 C. 3 (Likely wrong, D. 2 is better IMO) 112. During the resuscitation of a 45 year old female you note a change in rhythm and the ECG now shows sinus bradycardia. What should you do? A. Assess for a pulse B. Administer atropine C. Obtain a blood pressure D. Begin transcutaneous pacing A. Assess for a pulse 113. A 23 year old alert and pregnant female complains of severe abdominal pain after an motor vehicle crash. You note her stomach is rigid and distended. There is no vaginal bleeding or discharge. Vital signs are BP 94/58, P 128, R 30 and shallow, SpO2 90%. What should you suspect? A. Uterine rupture B. Placenta previa C. Placenta abruptio D. Pre-term labor A. Uterine rupture 114. A motor vehicle collided with an electrical pole resulting in downed power lines. A large crowd has gathered around the accident. Whom should you call for support? A. Volunteer Fire Department and Rescue Squad B. Local Power Company and State Police C. Volunteer Fire Department and State Police D. Local Power Company and Volunteer Fire Department B. Local Power Company and State Police 115. What effect does reducing preload have in a patient with pulmonary edema? A. Decreased respiratory demand B. Decreased cardiac efficiency C. Increased afterload D. Improved cardiac efficiency D. Improved cardiac efficiency 116. Which of the following would properly represent a female who has been pregnant three times, given birth twice, and had one spontaneous abortion? A. P3, G2, AB1. B. P5, G2, AB1. C. G3, P2, AB1. D. G2, P2, AB1. C. G3, P2, AB1. 117. A 28 year old male has severe flank pain radiating to his back. He squirms around on the floor unable to find a comfortable position, rating his pain a 9/10. He has consumed no fluids over the past day. Vital signs are BP 200/80, P 100, R 18. What should you do? A. Administer morphine or hydromorphone. B. Apply oxygen by nonrebreather mask and transport. C. Establish IV access and administer a fluid bolus. D. Administer aspirin and nitroglycerin. A. Administer morphine or hydromorphone. 118. An 18 year old female with a suspected cervical spine injury has a significant amount of blood in her mouth. What should you do? A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. B. Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver and attempt to ventilate her. C. Perform a jaw-thrust and finger sweep in order to remove blood from her mouth. D. Assess the her respiratory rate for no longer than 30 seconds. A. Stabilize her head and suction her airway. 119. A a family calls you to take their 20 year old son to the hospital for an involuntary psychiatric evaluation. They state that he is physically aggressive and refuses to take his antipsychotic drugs. He is quiet and refuses to communicate. What should you do? A. Ask the parents to help you restrain the patient. B. Talk firmly and tell him that you are going to restrain him now, but you will release the restraints enroute if he behaves himself. C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. D. Call another medic or fire unit to assist you. C. Call for police assistance to get a transport hold. 120. You are dispatched for a 78 yo male who has fallen. He currently has no complaints and is alert and oriented. He is unsure if he lost consciousnessness at any point. He takes metoprolol and atorvastatin. His blood pressure when lying down is 140/90 with a HR of 58 which becomes 100/60 with a HR of 59 when standing. You suspect which of the following as a the most likely etiology of his fall: A. hemorrhagic stroke B. unsteady gait with poor mobility C. medication side effect D. acute myocardial infarction C. medication side effect 121. What is an injury to ligaments around a joint called? A. Dislocation B. Sprain C. Fracture D. Strain B. Sprain 122. Which structure filters blood into a nephron? A. loop of Henle B. Collecting duct C. Bowman's capsule D. Glomerulus D. Glomerulus 123. What drug is a specific antagonist to opiate derived drugs? A. Charcoal B. Ipecac 136. A 16 year old boy tells you that he "caught" his 40 year old mother "holding a handful of sleeping pills." The son explains that she is depressed, and he is convinced that she meant to kill herself. She is extremely agitated and is refusing treatment. What should you do? A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. B. Contact social services to recommend they follow up on this family. C. Carefully document the woman's refusal and have her sign the form. D. Encourage the patient to see a mental health professional that day. A. Request law enforcement assistance to transport the patient. 137. A 56 year old female has an arm injury with arterial bleeding. The dressing becomes soaked with blood. What should you do? A. Wrap an elastic bandage around the blood soaked dressing. B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. C. Remove and replace the dressing with a thicker dressing. D. Cover the existing dressing with an occlusive dressing. B. Apply additional dressing material with direct pressure. 138. A 32 year old female attempted to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills and cutting her wrists. She has dark red blood oozing from the wrist lacerations. Vital signs are BP 90/52, P 130 and weak, R 18. What type of bleeding should you suspect? A. Arterial B. Superficial C. Venous D. Capillary C. Venous 139. A 51 year old male with a history of COPD is having difficulty breathing. Vital signs are BP 136/74, R 22, P 100, SpO2 95%. What should you do? A. Apply high-flow oxygen by bag-valve mask. B. Withhold oxygen to avoid decreasing the hypoxic drive. C. Apply low-flow oxygen by nasal cannula. D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. D. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask. 140. What is the leading cause of cardiac arrest in pediatric populations? A. Infection B. Blunt force trauma C. Respiratory compromise D. Hypovolemic shock C. Respiratory compromise 141. A 55 year old female has difficulty breathing and is unable to lie supine. She has pedal edema and bilateral crackles are heard on auscultation. What should you suspect? A. Congestive heart failure B. Asthma exacerbation C. Chronic bronchitis D. Myocardial infarction A. Congestive heart failure 142. An alert, ambulatory, 26 year old female admits to laying her motorcycle down at 25 mph to avoid a crash. She has extreme pain to her left side where you note severe abrasions. She denies any neck or back pain. What should you do? A. Sterile dressings and treat her pain with ice. B. Oxygen and transport in a semi-sitting position of comfort. C. C-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position. D. C-collar and transport her on his left side. C. C-collar and immobilize her fully in the standing position. 143. A 45 year old female has type I diabetes and a non-healing foot ulcer. You find that she lacks sensation in her foot. What should you suspect? A. Brown-Sequards B. Peripheral neuropathy C. Claudication D. Ranaud's syndrome B. Peripheral neuropathy 144. What environmental emergency is life-threatening? A. Chilblains B. Heat exhaustion C. Heat stroke D. Frostbite C. Heat stroke 145. Where is the blood found during hemoptysis? A. Stool B. Esophagus C. Sputum D. Urine C. Sputum 146. What distinguishes pre-eclampsia from eclampsia? A. Presence of albuminuria B. Occurrence of convulsion or coma C. Weight gain of over 40 pounds D. Systolic blood pressure over 200 mg Hg B. Occurrence of convulsion or coma 147. A 19 year old female is semi-conscious with snoring respirations. She has overdosed on benzodiazepines. You should use a/an A. nasopharyngeal airway. B. oropharyngeal airway. C. endotracheal airway. D. dual lumen airway. A. nasopharyngeal airway. 148. Where does the electrical impulse in the heart begin? A. Bundle of His B. AV node C. Purkinje fibers D. SA node D. SA node 149. In what leads does ST elevation suggest an anterior wall MI? A. V3, V4 B. II, III, and aVF C. aVR, aVL, and aVF D. V1, V2 A. V3, V4 150. What is the term used to describe the obligation you have to render assistance to a patient? A. Advanced directive B. Standing order C. Duty to act D. Good Samaritan law C. Duty to act 151. What type of drug is Verapamil? A. Beta blocker B. Antihypertensive medication C. Angiotension receptor blocker D. Calcium channel blocker D. Calcium channel blocker 152. What is limiting the number of people or resources you are supervising known as? A. Unified command B. Command and control C. Span of control D. Unity of command C. Span of control 153. An alert 45 year old female is pale and cyanotic. Her vitals are BP 180/104, P 102 and irregular, R 28 with bilateral crackles. What is the most likely cause of her shortness of breath? A. Anaphylaxis B. Asthma C. Pulmonary edema D. Simple pneumothorax C. Pulmonary edema 154. Which of the following medications is an adrenergic agonist that can stimulate either alpha or beta receptors depending on the dose? A. Epinephrine B. Dopamine C. Dobutamine D. Atenolol B. Dopamine 155. A 32 year old, 36 week pregnant, female complains of lower back pain. When she is supine, she complains of feeling short of breath and faint. As you continue to assess her, she becomes pale and anxious. Vital signs are BP is 92/76, P 102, R 22. What should you do? A. Prepare for a rapid delivery B. Reposition her on her left side C. Synergism D. Additive effect B. Tolerance 168. A 70 year old male with a history of CHF complains of severe dyspnea. During transport his SpO2 drops to 76% and he starts to cough up pink sputum. What should you do? A. Assist his ventilations B. Increase the flow of oxygen C. Administer 40mg of Lasix IVP D. Perform a 12 lead EKG A. Assist his ventilations 169. A 47 year old, 98 kg male has burns on 25% of his body. In the first 8 hours post- burn, what fluid treatment should he recieve? A. 9800 ml of normal saline (NS). B. 4900 ml of normal saline (NS). C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR). D. 9800 ml of lactated ringers (LR). C. 4900 ml of lactated ringers (LR). 170. What is the correct dosage of ipratropium bromide during an asthma attack? A. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously B. 250 mg, by nebulizer C. 0.5 mg, by nebulizer D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously C. 0.5 mg, by nebulizer 171. What structure contains the respiratory center of the brain? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Pons D. Medulla D. Medulla 172. What is the movement of drugs in the body as they are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted called? A. Biotransformation B. Pharmacokinetics C. The mechanism of action D. Pharmacodynamics B. Pharmacokinetics 173. Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensation in the face? A. VII B. V C. VIII D. II B. V 174. A known alcoholic is unresponsive and coughing up bright, red blood. Which of the following would be contraindicated? A. Dual lumen airway B. Bag-valve mask C. Nasopharyngeal airway D. Endotracheal tube A. Dual lumen airway 175. A 20 year old female was involved in a car crash. She complains of midline neck pain and is unable to move her extremities. What secondary injury should you suspect? A. Difficulty breathing B. Vertebral swelling C. Subluxation D. Ruptured vertebrae B. Vertebral swelling 176. What additional resources would you need at a motor vehicle accident with a trapped 22 year old female? A. Additional State Police and the Fire Department. B. Rescue Squad and the Fire Department. C. Second ambulance and additional State Police. D. Second ambulance and the Fire Department. B. Rescue Squad and the Fire Department. 177. A crew member has thick facial hair. Which of the following is the most appropriate protection against airborne pathogens? A. Surgical particulate mask B. An NH 15 escape hood C. A slightly larger HEPA (N95) mask D. Powered air purifying respirator D. Powered air purifying respirator 178. A 24 year old female responds to a sternal rub by opening her eyes and moaning incomprehensibly. She tries to push your hands away from her sternum. What is her Glasgow Coma Scale score? A. 9 B. 3 C. 6 D. 12 A. 9 179. What is the most prevalent cation in the cell? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Chloride A. Potassium 180. A 23-year old male motorcyclist was struck by a car that ran a stop sign. He is pale and diaphoretic, and no external bleeding is noted. Vital signs are P 136 and R 28. Which of the following is most likely? A. Femur fracture B. Neurogenic shock C. Pneumothorax D. Closed head injury A. Femur fracture 181. What genetic disease is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle degeneration? A. Muscular dystrophy B. Multiple sclerosis C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D. Myasthenia gravis A. Muscular dystrophy 182. A 46 year old male is pale, diaphoretic, and complains of light-headedness after palpitations. An ECG shows paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. When assessing his perfusion status, what would you suspect? A. Delayed capillary refill B. Dry, warm skin C. Normal vital signs D. Rapid, bounding pulse A. Delayed capillary refill 183. On arrival of a motor vehicle crash, what degree of scene assessment needs to be completed? A. 90 degrees from the front of the car B. 180 degrees of the patient C. 360 degrees of the scene D. 220 degrees from side of approach C. 360 degrees of the scene 184. What is the pathophysiological reason behind severe joint and abdominal pain in a patient with Drepanocytosis? A. Inflammatory reaction from arthritis B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells C. Severe infection involving his appendix D. Microvascular occlusion from nitrogen bubbles B. Vascular occlusion from abnormal shaped cells 185. What is the role of angiotensin II in the body? A. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. C. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. D. Inhibits the creation of aldosterone decreasing blood pressure. B. Stimulates the creation of aldosterone increasing blood pressure. 186. A 38 year female is in labor in her car. This is her fourth child, contractions last 30 seconds and occur every 1-2 minutes. What should you do? A. Tell her to bear down hard and to push. B. Call for air medical transport. C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. D. Transport the patient to the hospital for treatment. C. Move her to the ambulance and prepare for delivery. 187. A 62 year old man is unresponsive 5 minutes into his dialysis treatment. He has snoring respirations. Pulses are weak and you are unable to obtain a blood pressure. ECG reveals a wide-complex idioventricular rhythm at a rate of 50. What should you C. Gloves, eye protection, and mask D. Gloves and eye protection C. Gloves, eye protection, and mask 201. An alert and oriented 35 year old female is sitting on the ground after a car accident. Vital signs are BP 90/62, P 96, R 24 and shallow. She denies any numbness or tingling in her extremities. What should you do? A. Transport her immediately. B. Obtain her medical history. C. Reassess her vitals. D. Secure her to a long backboard. A. Transport her immediately. 202. What complicates coronary perfusion during in CPR? A. Hyperinflation of the lungs B. Esophageal intubation C. Gastric distention D. Poor airway management C. Gastric distention 203. When completing the narrative portion of your prehospital care report, the "O" in SOAP stands for: A. Objection B. Observation C. Objective D. Operation C. Objective 204. How do you determine that you are doing adequate CPR on a child? A. Check for a change in rhythm on the cardiac monitor. B. Compress the chest at a rate greater than 200. C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. D. Compress the chest at least three inch minimum depth. C. Check for a carotid pulse during compressions. 205. A 72 year old female has altered mental status, irritability, and delirium. Her husband states she has lost 10 lbs in the last 2 weeks. Vital signs are BP 170/100, P 160, temp 102F, skin warm and dry. What should you suspect? A. Hypothyroidism B. Thyrotoxicosis C. Dementia D. Cushing's Syndrome B. Thyrotoxicosis 206. A 44 year old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain with cramping. She states that she has vomited brownish-greenish yellow fluid several times. Her abdomen is distended and she has been constipated for the last few days. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystitis B. Diverticular disease C. Pancreatitis D. Bowel obstruction D. Bowel obstruction 207. What common site of arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm results in hemorrhagic stroke? A. Middle meningeal artery B. Basilar artery C. Posterior cerebral artery D. Anterior cerebral artery B. Basilar artery 208. What can rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia cause? A. Ventricular fibrillation B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Decreased respirations D. Increased shivering A. Ventricular fibrillation 209. Prior to a seizure, a patient reported seeing strange flashes of light and hearing high pitched sounds. What is this phase of the seizure known as? A. Hypertonic B. Clonic C. Aura D. Tonic C. Aura 210. An 18 year old male presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. What criteria must be met for him to receive oral glucose? A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. B. He must have a history of type 1 diabetes. C. He must have a prescription for oral glucose. D. His blood glucose analysis must be between 70 and 95 mg/dL. A. He must be conscious, with a patent airway. 211. A 41 year old female is bleeding profusely from an extremity wound. Vital signs are BP 78/40, P 130 and weak, R 22. After stopping the bleeding, what should you do? A. Reassess her vital signs. B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. C. Place her in the shock position. D. Apply a tourniquet above the wound. B. Begin rapid IV fluid replacement. 212. A 73 year old female complains of shortness of breath. While treating her, she stops breathing. What should you do? A. Ventilate with a BVM. B. Check her pulse. C. Start CPR. D. Perform orotracheal intubation. B. Check her pulse. 213. What process is involved in the formation of a blood clot? A. Tissue plasminogen activator creates fibrin B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin C. Hemoglobin is converted to platelets D. Prothrombin stimulates the release of troponin B. Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin 214. What is the inherent rate for the AV node? A. 150-250/min B. 20-40/min C. 60-100/min D. 40-60/min D. 40-60/min 215. Which of the following medications can produce anticholinergic effects. A. Epinephrine. B. Atropine sulfate. C. Etomidate. D. Nitroglycerin. B. Atropine sulfate. 216. How quickly should you expect a clot to form from a venous laceration? A. 1 minute B. 7-10 minutes C. 11-14 minutes D. 4-6 minutes D. 4-6 minutes 217. While assessing a 32 year old pregnant female, you discover fetal heart tones at 98 bpm. What should you do? A. Obtain a secondary set of vital signs B. Start a dopamine drip C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen D. Administer atropine C. Turn to her left side and apply oxygen 218. A 42 year old female complains of tinnitus, nausea and vomiting. Her husband meets you at the door and states that he returned home this morning finding his wife and two children lying on the floor with nausea and headaches. What type of poisoning should you suspect? A. Severe randon gas B. Carbon monoxide C. Toxic black mold D. Hydrogen sulfide B. Carbon monoxide 219. A 30 year old female has recently given birth at home. During transport she has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain. Vital signs are BP 96/60, P 130, R 30, SpO2 92%. What should you administer? A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. B. Low-flow oxygen and tocolytic. C. A bronchodilator and perform a detailed exam. D. Nitroglycerin and obtain a 12 lead ECG. A. High-flow oxygen and a fluid bolus. C. Exocrine D. Hormone C. Exocrine 232. What is the dose for lorazepam for seizures? A. 2 g IV B. 200 mcg IV C. 2 gr IV D. 2 - 4 mg IV D. 2 - 4 mg IV 233. A 4 year old female is warm and withdrawn when you arrive. The mother states that she had a 5 minute seizure prior to your arrival. She has had previous seizures, but that this one was longer and more violent. What should you do? A. Administer 4.5 mg diazepam. B. Suggest that she see her primary care physician. C. Apply oxygen and obtain a 12 lead ECG. D. Apply oxygen and give a fluid bolus. D. Apply oxygen and give a fluid bolus. 234. A 62 year old female has difficulty breathing. She is pale, diaphoretic, and has cyanosis of the lips. Lung sounds reveal coarse crackles. Vital signs are, BP 200/104, P 142, R 40. What is your goal in providing treatment? A. Decrease preload to reduce oxygen demand. B. Decrease afterload to increase cardiac output. C. Increase afterload to increase end systolic volume. D. Increase preload to increase end diastolic volume. A. Decrease preload to reduce oxygen demand. 235. What condition can present with paranoia, delusions, and auditory hallucinations? A. Obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Organic brain syndrome C. Schizophrenia D. Bi-polar disorder C. Schizophrenia 236. Which structure separates the upper airway from the lower airway? A. Hyoid bone B. Trachea C. Carina D. Vocal cords D. Vocal cords 237. What is the antidote for Verapamil overdose? A. Benadryl B. Calcium C. Glucagon D. Narcan B. Calcium 238. Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease? A. Cancer B. Hepatitis B C. Tuberculosis D. HIV/AIDS A. Cancer 239. A 20 year old female has burns on her chest, abdomen, and on the anterior side of her right arm. What percentage of body is burned? A. 18% B. 22.5% C. 40.5% D. 27% B. 22.5% 240. You find a patient in the tripod position. What should you suspect? A. A cardiac emergency B. Gastrointestinal distress C. Respiratory distress D. A transischemic attack C. Respiratory distress 241. After the birth of male child, you note he is blue all over, is not breathing, and has no pulse. What is his APGAR? A. 5 B. 8 C. 0 D. 2 C. 0 242. A 20 year old male struck his head while jumping into a swimming pool. He is unconscious and apneic. Vital signs are BP 88/70, P 80. There is a large amount of swelling and deformity in the cervical spine area. What should you do? A. Use the head tilt/chin lift to open his airway B. Administer oxygen via non-rebreather mask C. Secure him to a long spineboard D. Apply and inflate MAST C. Secure him to a long spineboard 243. How should you dispose of dressings and bandages that are saturated with blood? A. A cardboard box and sealed with tape B. In any normal garbage container C. In a red bag with a bio hazard seal D. At a hospital ED trash container C. In a red bag with a bio hazard seal 244. A 43 year old male complains of a stiff neck, persistent cough, and fever for the past week. He states he has been in and out of homeless shelters for the past 5 months. What should you do? A. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather mask. B. Put on eye protection and a surgical mask. C. Have the patient wear a HEPA mask. D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. D. Use gloves, gown, and HEPA mask. 245. What medical term describes wheals on the skin during an allergic reaction? A. Urticaria B. Angioedema C. Pruritus D. Myxedema A. Urticaria 246. What are the 5 variables needed to interpret cardiac rhythms? A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval B. Rate, irregularity, U wave, P waves, and P-R interval C. Rate, regularity, ST segment, QRS width, and T waves D. Rate, regularity, QRS width, ST segment, and P-R interval A. Rate, regularity, QRS width, P waves, and P-R interval 247. A 42 year old male complain of hives and itching on his lower right leg immediately after mowing the lawn. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92, R 16. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylaxis B. Allergic reaction C. Eczema D. Insecticide poisoning B. Allergic reaction 248. A 25 year old female is in labor and reports an urge to push. Suddenly her contractions weaken. You should suspect: A. uterine rupture B. false labor C. uterine inversion D. placenta previa A. uterine rupture 249. An 27 year old male suffered a partial amputation of his foot in a farming accident. Bleeding is controlled. He is alert and oriented but refuses treatment. He speaks directly with online medical control but still refuses treatment and transportation. What should you do? A. Call law enforcement for an assisted transport. B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. C. Assume implied consent and transport the patient. D. Call social services and report suspicions of neglect. B. Carefully obtain and document the patient's refusal. 250. An unresponsive 35 year old female has been stabbed in the abdomen. She flexes her arms when you establish an IV and mumbles incomprehensible words, but her eyes remain closed. Respirations are 8-10 times per minute. How should you protect her airway? A. Nasal airway B. Endotracheal tube C. Head tilt chin lift D. Oropharyngeal airway B. Endotracheal tube A. QRS complex. B. T wave. C. P wave. D. Atrial complex. A. QRS complex. 265. What should you do when you suspect child abuse? A. Question the parent about the events leading to the injury. B. Remove the child from the abuser's care. C. Confirm your suspicions of abuse. D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. D. Report your suspicions to the appropriate authorities. 266. What type of pain allows an examiner to pinpoint the area of irritation? A. Somatic B. Visceral C. Referred D. Parietal A. Somatic 267. What class of medication causes the uterus to contract? A. Antipyretics B. Oxytocics C. Antihistamines D. Steriods B. Oxytocics 268. What is the innermost layer of the heart? A. Hypercardium B. Endocardium C. Myocardium D. Epicardium B. Endocardium 269. A 25 year old female is found lying in the shrubs on a college campus. Her clothing is torn and she is covered in dirt. She does not remember how she got there and cannot answer all of your questions. What should you do? A. Perform a detailed assessment B. Check her blood glucose C. Call for police assistance D. Notify her parents C. Call for police assistance 270. A 57 year old male complains of bleeding with defecation. He claims no significant medical history, has had no recent illness, and takes no medications. What should you suspect? A. Pancreatitis B. Viral gastroenteritis C. Ulcerative colitis D. Cholecystitis C. Ulcerative colitis 271. Where in the respiratory system does gas exchange occur? A. Alveoli B. Bronchioles C. Pharynx D. Larynx A. Alveoli 272. What is the study of the drug receptor interaction called? A. Pharmacology B. Physiology C. Pharmacodynamics D. Pharmacokinetics C. Pharmacodynamics 273. What are the primary ions involved in action potential synthesis and transmission? A. K+, Na+, Hg+++ B. Na+, K+, Ca++ C. Ca++, Na+ D. Ca++, H+ B. Na+, K+, Ca++ 274. An 80 year old male is confused and in his apartment on a hot summer day. Vital signs are BP 80/P, P 132 and regular, R 40 and shallow, skin is hot and dry. What should you suspect? A. Heatstroke B. Hypoglycemia C. Heat exhaustion D. Dementia A. Heatstroke 275. What will initial compensatory mechanisms do during hemorrhaging? A. Decrease respiratory rate and increase heart rate. B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. C. Increase cardiac output and reduce mean arterial pressure. D. Decrease peripheral vascular resistance and increase respiratory rate. B. Increase stroke volume and increase cardiac output. 276. What molecule are ketone bodies metabolized from? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Glycogen D. Proteins B. Lipids 277. What neural signal prevents the lungs from overinflating? A. Crutzfelts-Jacobs reflex B. Epstein-Barr reflex C. Frank-Starling reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex D. Hering-Breuer reflex 278. A 72 year old female woke with dyspnea. Crackles are audible to her scapulae bilaterally. She is coughing frothy pink sputum. Vital signs are BP 158/98, P 128, R 8. What should you do to improve her minute volume? A. Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg sublingual B. Administer furosemide 1 mg/kg IV at 20 mg/min C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM D. Provide oxygen by non-rebreather mask C. Intubate and ventilate with a BVM 279. A 55 year old female was in a motor vehicle crash. She starts vomiting while you attempt to nasotracheally intubate her. What should you do? A. Remove the tube and use an ET tube. B. Auscultate breath sounds over the lungs and epigastrium. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. D. Attempt to intubate through her other nostril. C. Remove the tube and clear the airway. 280. A 43 year old patient was struck in the chest and has a large bruise over her sternum. She states that her heart "feels like it is beating funny. The 3 lead ECG shows sinus tachycardia with ST elevation and frequent unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Vital signs are BP 108/80, P 124 and irregular, R 22. What medication should you administer? A. Adenosine, 6 mg over five minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes C. Lidocaine, 1.0 mg/kg over 10 minutes D. Magnesium, 1.5 mg over 5 minutes B. Amiodarone, 150 mg over 10 minutes 281. A 30 year old female is delivering a newborn. Which areas of the newborn's head should you avoid touching? A. Eyes and jaw B. Mouth and fontanelles C. Mouth and nose D. Eyes and fontanelles D. Eyes and fontanelles 282. What does asymmetrical chest wall movement that weakens respiratory efficiency indicate? A. Flail chest B. Pneumothorax C. Tracheal obstruction D. Air embolism A. Flail chest 283. Which of the following should be documented on any patient refusal report? A. The style and type of vehicle the patient drives B. The last time the patient saw a primary care physician C. The patient's job occupation D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed D. The willingness for EMS to return if needed 284. What is a contraindication of an oropharyngeal airway? A. Broken teeth B. A basal skull fracture C. Normal saline 298. Which cells within the islets of Langerhans produce the hormone insulin? A. Beta B. Delta C. Gamma D. Alpha A. Beta 299. A 46 year old male was struck in the eye with a racquet ball. He complains of eye pain, cheek pain and bleeding from one nostril. Upon exam his eye will move side to side but not up or down. What should you suspect? A. Le fort II Fracture B. Orbital blow-out fracture C. Le fort I Fracture D. Le fort III Fracture B. Orbital blow-out fracture 300. A 6 year old boy was struck by a car and thrown 30 feet. His skin is pale. He is unconscious and unresponsive to painful stimulus. Vital signs are BP 80/30, P 160, R 60 and shallow. Which of the following best describes his condition? A. Decompensated shock with respiratory distress B. Compensated shock with respiratory distress C. Decompensated shock with respiratory failure D. Compensated shock with respiratory failure C. Decompensated shock with respiratory failure 301. What classification is give to drugs that have accepted medical indications but a high abuse potential that may lead to physical or psychological dependence? A. Schedule II B. Schedule III C. Schedule IV D. Schedule V A. Schedule II 302. The end tidal CO2 detector is reading 0 mmHg after endotracheal intubation. Where does this indicate your tube has been placed? A. Left mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus C. Trachea D. Right mainstem bronchus B. Esophagus 303. A 50 year old male complains of light headedness and chest discomfort. Vital signs are BP 100/86, P 40, R 16. An ECG reveals a second degree type I AV block. What should you do? A. Start transcutaneous pacing B. Administer atropine C. Administer amiodarone D. Start a dopamine drip B. Administer atropine 304. Which of the following hormones affects the body's biological clock? A. Calcitonin B. Cortisol C. Melatonin D. Aldosterone C. Melatonin 305. Your successfully placed Endotracheal tube with a capnometry of 29 suddenly decreases to 4. What method would you use to determine the cause? A. LEMONS B. MOANS C. RODS D. DOPE D. DOPE 306. When communicating via the radio to your receiving hospital, it is common practice to use the "echo procedure." This procedure A. ensures that only the important facts have been communicated. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. C. eliminates the use of words that are difficult to understand during the transmission.. D. conforms to HIPPA by protecting the patient's privacy. B. confirms accurate reception and understanding. 307. "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/MH2009/aeh82892_3512_11412.jpg"><br> In this image, what does the circles dark tissue of the heart illustrate? A. cardiac contusion B. pericardial effusion C. pulmonary contusion D. cardiac laceration A. cardiac contusion 308. A 55 year old male patient complains of shortness of breath and chest tightness. His skin is pale and cool, and his respirations are 30 and shallow. You should deliver oxygen via: A. Nonrebreather mask. B. Bag-valve mask. C. Nasal cannula. D. CPAP device. B. Bag-valve mask. 309. A joint dislocation occurs when the normal articulating ends of two or more bones are displaced. A complete dislocation is called a ____. A. Luxation B. sprain C. subluxation D. strain C. subluxation 310. A contraindication for the use of morphine sulfate is: A. pulmonary edema B. kidney stones C. hypovolemia D. chest pain C. hypovolemia 311. How should you treat an impaled object in the abdomen? A. Remove the object, and apply a porous dressing moistened with sterile saline to the wound. B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. C. Remove the object, apply an occlusive dressing to the wound. D. Manual secure the object and inflate the pneumatic anti-shock garment to stabilize the object. B. Secure the object, control bleeding, and use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. 312. A 34 year old female complains of an open sore on her leg that will not go away. She says that she cut her leg while shaving in the shower at her local gym 2 weeks ago. Her doctor prescribed antibiotics, but nothing has changed. What should you suspect? A. Boils B. MRSA C. Varicose vein D. Necrotizing fasciitis B. MRSA 313. After intubation you hear gurgling over the stomach and no breath sounds over the chest. What should you suspect? A. Esophageal intubation B. Right mainstem placement C. A malfunction of the ET tube D. Proper placement A. Esophageal intubation 314. When examining the abdomen of a female who is five months pregnant, where would you expect to palpate the superior portion of the uterus? A. Above the symphysis pubis B. Hypochondriac region C. Epigastric region. D. At the umbilicus D. At the umbilicus 315. A 26 year old female is trapped after a motor vehicle collision. The driver's side window is broken, the airbags did not deploy, and the car came to rest on a steep grassy slope. When approaching her, what should you do? A. Pop the hood to disconnect the battery. B. Cut out the windshield to gain access. C. Have her sit perfectly still. D. Place cribbing under the tires. D. Place cribbing under the tires. 316. What is the leading cause of infant and child death? A. Allergic reactions B. Congenital defects C. Vascular stenosis D. Respiratory arrest C. Normal saline bolus D. Start transcutaneous pacing D. Start transcutaneous pacing 331. A 19 year old female gives birth to a baby boy. You note blue extremities and a pink trunk. His pulse is 108 and he cries weakly. He grimaces when you suction him, but other movement is limited. What is his APGAR score? A. 4 B. 8 C. 6 D. 2 C. 6 332. Why is the electrical impulse slightly delayed at the AV node? A. To allow the primary cardiac pacemaker to reset. B. To allow the bundle of His can depolarize fully. C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. D. So the ventricles can contract completely. C. So the atria can empty into the ventricles. 333. What is inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain called? A. Meningitis B. Encephalitis C. Aneurysm D. Hydrocephalis A. Meningitis 334. A 66 year old female has shortness of breath and diffuse back pain. Auscultation of lungs reveal crackles in the bases. Vital signs are BP 170/110 and P 112. What should you do administer? A. Furosemide B. Nitroglycerin C. Albuterol D. Adenosine B. Nitroglycerin 335. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for basic reflexes like chewing and swallowing? A. Amygdala B. Cranial nerves C. Midbrain D. Medulla oblongata B. Cranial nerves 336. A 28 year old female complains of dyspnea while eating dinner at a restaurant. She has audible wheezing and facial swelling with urticaria. Vital signs are BP 100/72, P 130, R 24, SpO2 94%. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Establish two large bore IVs. C. Position her supine. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. D. Administer high-flow oxygen. 337. Why do you avoid flexion of the wrist once the laryngoscope is in the mouth? A. Injury to the upper teeth B. Laceration of the vallecula C. Injury to the lower teeth D. Laceration of the tongue A. Injury to the upper teeth 338. You are at a chemical plant where 12 workers are exposed to chemical fumes. They have severe dyspnea and are moaning on the ground. What should you do? A. Administer 2 mg of Atropine every three to five minutes B. Administer oxygen at 15 LPM via NRB mask C. Set up an incident command post D. Begin triage C. Set up an incident command post 339. In the Incident Management System, what is the Liaison Officer is responsible for? A. Supporting incident operations. B. All of the on scene actions. C. Collecting data from the incident and releases it to the press. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. D. Coordinating all operations involving outside agencies. 340. A 57 year old female was the unrestrained driver in a frontal impact collision. Which of the following injuries would lead you to believe she traveled "up and over" the dashboard, instead of "down and under"? A. A patellar dislocation B. A flail chest C. A ruptured diaphragm D. A cervical spine fracture C. A ruptured diaphragm 341. An elderly male fell 12 feet onto a concrete surface and complains of head, neck, and back pain. He states he is having difficulty breathing. You note fractures of his right upper arm and lower leg. What should you do? A. Endotracheally intubate and immobilize the spine. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. C. Perform a detailed assessment including vital signs. D. Take spinal precautions and apply the PASG. B. Support the cervical spine while managing the airway. 342. What animal carries Lyme disease? A. Wasp B. Bee C. Spider D. Tick D. Tick 343. An alert 75 year old male after slipped on his wet sidewalk. He is sober and denies hitting his head. He states his legs just went out from under him and he fell to his right knee. His right leg is internally rotated and shortened. Vital signs are BP 110/40, P 96, R 18. What should you suspect? A. Hip fracture B. Femur fracture C. Hip dislocation D. Spinal injury C. Hip dislocation 344. A 42 year old male has itchy skin and hives on his lower right leg. He states that he was mowing the lawn when this occurred. Vital signs are BP 146/84, P 92 and regular, and R16 unlabored. What should you do? A. Administer diphenhydramine. B. Apply an ice pack to the rash. C. Administer epinephrine. D. Apply antibiotic ointment. A. Administer diphenhydramine. 345. You arrive on the scene of a three-car motor vehicle collision. Two of the cars have major damage and some debris is scattered in the roadway. What should you do? A. Immediately begin triage of the injured patients. B. Call your supervisor to provide incident command. C. Contact your dispatch and request more ambulances. D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. D. Ensure your vehicle is parked out of oncoming traffic. 346. When should continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be discontinued? A. Patient develops hypotension B. Patient has crackling lung sounds C. Patient's symptoms are resolved D. Patient is wheezing A. Patient develops hypotension 347. The body will not tolerate an acute blood loss of greater than ________ of blood volume. A. 30% B. 10% C. 20% D. 40% D. 40% 348. A 40 year old female has chronic bronchitis and has a productive cough of white sputum. She also has JVD, peripheral edema, and hypercapnia. An ECG shows an increase P wave amplitude. What else should you suspect? A. Emphysema B. Asthma C. Picwickian Syndrome D. Cor Pulmonale D. Cor Pulmonale 349. A 29 year old male was an unrestrained driver of a car crash. Vital signs are BP 114/98, P 136 and weak, R 28 and shallow. He has jugular vein distension and breath sounds are equal bilaterally. Heart sounds are very distant. What should you suspect? A. Pericardial tamponade B. Hemothorax B. 21 363. A 59 year old female has a severe asthma attack. What is the dose and route of ipratropium bromide you should administer? A. 0.125-0.25 mg, nebulized B. 0.5 mg, nebulized C. 0.3-0.5 mg, subcutaneously. D. 0.25 mg, subcutaneously B. 0.5 mg, nebulized 364. Where do afferent fibers transmit impulses from? A. The central nervous system to the sensory nerves. B. Motor nerves to the central nervous system. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. D. The central nervous system to the motor nerves. C. Sensory nerves to the central nervous system. 365. What sign or symptom may result from a digoxin overdose? A. Hypokalemia B. Bradycardia C. Hypoglycemia D. Altered mental status B. Bradycardia 366. You deliver a baby boy without difficulty. He is blue and not crying. What should you do? A. Obtain a set of vital signs and cut the umbilical cord. B. Allow him to begin feeding to promote oxytocin stimulation. C. Start compressions and ventilate with supplemental oxygen. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. D. Dry and warm him, stimulate with a back rub, and suction. 367. You are called to evaluate a 28 year old male. He is afraid of you and recoils when you approach him. He states he is hearing voices and appears to be hallucinating. What should you suspect? A. Anxiety attack B. Bipolar disorder C. Mood disorder D. Schizophrenia D. Schizophrenia 368. What structure in the brain controls ventilation? A. Medulla B. Cerebellum C. Mesencephalon D. Diencephalon A. Medulla 369. What type of procedure does a patient with chronic renal failure undergo? A. Renal hemolysis B. Peritoneal hemolysis C. Renal calculi D. Renal dialysis D. Renal dialysis 370. What is an effect of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis? A. Negative chronotropic effect B. Inflammatory decrease C. Peripheral vasodilation D. Bronchoconstriction B. Inflammatory decrease 371. A 52 year old patient with a history of liver failure complains of shortness of breath and abdominal swelling. What should you suspect? A. Acute MI B. Aortic aneurysm C. Bladder blockage D. Ascites D. Ascites 372. How many times faster does heat loss occur during water immersion as compared to air exposure? A. 2 B. 50 C. 25 D. 100 C. 25 373. Wolf Parkinson White syndrome originates from accessory pathways in what part of the heart? A. Purkinje fibers B. Bundle Branch C. Bundle of Kent D. Bundle of His C. Bundle of Kent 374. A 45 year old male has been injured in a house fire and has burnt nasal hairs. He also makes high-pitch noises with inspiration. How are these respirations defined? A. Wheezing B. Snoring C. Stridor D. Rhonchi C. Stridor 375. What is a high pitched noise heard during inspiration in a partial airway obstruction? A. Cough B. Dyspnea C. Stridor D. Dyphonia C. Stridor 376. What is the normal arterial pO2 level at sea level? A. 80-100 mmHg B. 60-80 mmHg C. 40-60 mmHg D. 100-120 mmHg A. 80-100 mmHg 377. Your patient has a small, sucking puncture wound on the right side of his chest. How should you dress the wound? A. Moist gauze. B. Roller gauze. C. An occlusive dressing. D. Butterfly bandages. C. An occlusive dressing. 378. Which of the following is the first sign of shock that usually appears in patients? A. Altered mental status B. Nausea and vomiting C. Changes in vital signs D. Pale, cool, and clammy skin A. Altered mental status 379. A patient has lost 800 mL of blood. Vital signs are BP 110/80, P 100, R 24. Which class of hemorrhagic shock are they experiencing? A. Class 2 B. Class 3 C. Class 1 D. Class 4 A. Class 2 380. What should you do to control post-delivery bleeding? A. Massage gently over her uterus. B. Squeeze her legs together. C. Place her in the recovery position. D. Place moist dressings in her uterus. A. Massage gently over her uterus. 381. What is the painless, progressive enlargement of tissue found mainly in the lymph nodes and spleen known as? A. Leukemia B. Polycythemia C. Hemolytic anemia D. Hodgkin's disease D. Hodgkin's disease 382. Why do you administer epinephrine to a patient in cardiac arrest? A. Increased rate of conduction. B. Increased blood flow to the heart and brain. C. Increased contractility of cardiac muscle. D. Increased bronchodilation. B. Increased blood flow to the heart and brain. 383. A 25 year old female has bruising and swelling to the left side of her throat. Subcutaneous emphysema and cyanosis are present. What should you suspect? A. Pneumothorax B. A ruptured esophagus C. 3000 mL D. 500 mL A. 1500 mL 398. In what part of the ECG phase is a shock delivered in synchronized cardioversion? A. P wave B. T wave C. S wave D. R wave D. R wave 399. An unconscious 40 year old male has overdosed on alcohol and cocaine. The patient is a known diabetic. Vital signs: HR 130, BP 120/100, R8. You should A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask B. Check a blood glucose level C. Perform endotracheal intubation D. Establish intravenous access A. Ventilate with a bag valve mask 400. A 67 year old female with a suspected stroke, has difficulty swallowing and is unable to speak. Which cranial nerve is affected? A. Abducens B. Hypoglossal C. Trochlear D. Vestibulocochlear B. Hypoglossal 401. A 30 year old male complains of difficulty breathing with a productive cough and brown sputum. He has had fever and chills for 3 days. Lung sounds reveal crackles in lower lobes. Vital signs are BP 130/60, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Transport in position of comfort without further treatment. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. C. Nasally intubate the patient and assist with his respirations using a BVM. D. Apply oxygen by non-rebreather and administer furosemide 40 mg IV. B. Place in position of comfort and apply oxygen by non-rebreather. 402. When assessing a supine patient involved in a motor vehicle collision, the patient complains of left should pain. This indicates: A. Grey Turner's sign B. Kehr's sign C. Murphy's sign D. Cullen's sign B. Kehr's sign 403. What will compromise your ability to develop rapport and trust with a patient? A. Using the patient's name as often as possible B. Speaking with a normal rate of speech C. Asking closed-ended questions D. Maintaining a calm appearance. C. Asking closed-ended questions 404. What are agonal respirations? A. Deep, rapid, and regular breaths. B. Shallow, slow, and irregular gasping breaths. C. Deep, very slow and irregular breaths. D. Shallow, rapid, and regular panting breaths. B. Shallow, slow, and irregular gasping breaths. 405. A 67 year old female is unconscious at the bottom of a flight of stairs. She responds to pain by stiffening her arms and legs but no external trauma is noted. Vital signs are BP 176/122, P 66, R 22 and irregular. What should you suspect? A. A lung injury B. Decompensated shock C. Hypovolemic shock D. A head injury D. A head injury 406. In asystole, what is the first medication you would administer? A. Lidocaine B. Sodium Bicarbonate C. Atropine D. Epinephrine D. Epinephrine 407. A 25 year old male attempted to commit suicide by taking 6 mg Lorazepam. What is your greatest concern? A. Circulatory alkalosis B. Agitated outbursts of anger C. Respiratory depression D. Hyperemesis C. Respiratory depression 408. Why are elderly trauma patients at risk for fluid overload and pulmonary edema as a result of intravenous therapy? A. Decreased chest wall compliance and movement B. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity to pressure C. Decreased renal function and stroke volume D. Decreased chemoreceptor sensitivity C. Decreased renal function and stroke volume 409. What is the mechanism of action for amiodarone? A. Inhibits cardiac action potential in phase 0 B. Slows AV conduction transmittance C. Prolongs cardiac action potential in phase 3 D. Stabilizes all cardiac action potential membranes. C. Prolongs cardiac action potential in phase 3 410. Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in asthma patients? A. Digitalis B. Calcium Chloride C. Epinephrine D. Propranolol D. Propranolol 411. A 57 year old male with CHF has shortness of breath, coughing, and blood-tinged sputum. Vital signs are BP 140/88, P 86, R 28. What should you do? A. Aspirin, sublingual nitroglycerin, CPAP B. Morphine, aspirin, CPAP C. CPAP, morphine, intramuscular nitroglycerin D. Sublingual nitroglycerin, morphine, CPAP A. Aspirin, sublingual nitroglycerin, CPAP 412. What is status epilepticus? A. Two or more continuous seizures B. When the patient sees an aura prior to a seizure C. A seizure that occurs during a fever D. A seizure affecting one area of the body A. Two or more continuous seizures 413. A 60 year-old female presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious and confused with rapid respirations and clear, equal breath sounds. What should you do? A. Assist her respirations with a BVM. B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. C. Use a nasal cannula at 2 L/min. D. Insert an oral airway adjunct. B. Provide oxygen via NRB mask. 414. Which complication of pregnancy can occur during the first trimester? A. Placenta previa B. Eclampsia C. Abortion D. Abruptio placenta C. Abortion 415. What blood type is the universal donor? A. A B. B C. O D. AB C. O 416. Which of the following receptors are responsible for monitoring changes in blood pressure? A. Reticular activating receptors B. Chemoreceptors C. Baroreceptors D. Carboxyhemoglobin receptors C. Baroreceptors 417. A 35 year old male has been electrocuted. What other life threat should you be prepared for? A. internal bleeding B. heat stroke C. cardiac arrest D. allergic reaction C. cardiac arrest B. replace the right arm electrode. C. monitor only in lead III. D. discontinue cardiac monitoring. B. replace the right arm electrode. 432. Which structure in the kidney forms urine? A. Renal tube B. Renal medulla C. Nephron D. Renal cortex C. Nephron 433. A positive deflection on the ECG tracing paper indicates that the electrical impulse is A. traveling perpendicular to the lead. B. moving toward the negative electrode. C. non existent. D. moving toward the positive electrode. D. moving toward the positive electrode. 434. What condition results with the presence of an elevated intraocular pressure within the eye that can lead to vision loss? A. Strabismus B. Nystagmus C. Cataracts D. Glaucoma D. Glaucoma 435. What are written instructions expressing an individual's health care wishes in the event that they are incapacitated? A. Health care surrogates B. Medical practice directives C. Health care affidavits D. Advance directives D. Advance directives 436. A 25 year old male was found lying on the bottom of a pool. The lifeguard pulled him out and laid him beside the pool before calling EMS. He is unresponsive and not breathing. What should you do? A. Stabilize c-spine and assist his ventilations. B. Stabilize c-spine and intubate. C. Place the patient on his side and suction. D. Assist his ventilations with a BVM. A. Stabilize c-spine and assist his ventilations. 437. A 22 year old male hit a tree at a high speed and was thrown 20 feet. He has a rigid abdomen and you determine him to be in hypovolemic shock. Where is he most likely bleeding? A. Liver and kidney B. Spleen and pancreas C. Spleen and stomach D. Liver and spleen D. Liver and spleen 438. A 65 year old female complains of heart palpitations and dizziness after her dialysis. An ECG reveals peaked T waves and bigeminal PVCs. What should you suspect? A. Hyperkalemia B. Hypomagnesia C. Bundle branch block D. Hypercalcemia A. Hyperkalemia 439. Which of the following mechanisms of injury would likely result in coup-contrecoup trauma? A. A low-energy projectile. B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. C. A fall from over 20 feet. D. Diving into shallow water. B. A front-impact motor vehicle collision. 440. A pregnant female has a grand mal seizure during active labor. What should you administer? A. Oxygen B. Valium C. Sodium bicarbonate D. Magnesium sulfate D. Magnesium sulfate 441. A 32 year old pregnant female complains of profuse vaginal bleeding. She denies any abdominal pain or discomfort. What should you suspect? A. Ruptured ovarian cyst B. Abruptio placenta C. Uterine rupture D. Placenta previa D. Placenta previa 442. When is it necessary to wear gloves, gown, mask, and protective eyewear? A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth B. Oral suctioning on a tuberculosis patient C. Administering an IM injection to a MRSA patient D. Starting an IV on an AIDS patient A. Assisting with a prehospital childbirth 443. A 22 year old male complains of abdominal and joint pain following a dive. What should you suspect? A. Decompression sickness B. Pulmonary barotrauma C. Pneumomediastinum D. Tension pneumothorax A. Decompression sickness 444. A 34 year old female has a contusion above her left breast and left lateral torso after a motor vehicle collision. Vital signs are BP 102/64, P 96, R 18. During transport, her vital signs become BP 90/76, P 118, R 24. Breath sounds are absent on the left side. What should you do? A. Begin chest compressions B. Administer oxygen therapy C. Initiate IV therapy D. Decompress the chest D. Decompress the chest 445. An 18 year old female is found conscious and alert but trapped in her car after a single motor vehicle crash. The air bag deployed and she denies any head or neck pain, but she complains of hip and left leg pain. When your patient is finally extricated from the car, her vital signs begin to collapse. After starting a large bore IV of normal saline (NS), you should administer A. epinephrine. B. morphine sulfate. C. lidocaine. D. no other medication. D. no other medication. 446. Where are the first electrical impulses stimulating the heart located? A. Myocardium B. Aorta Valve C. Left atrium D. Right atrium D. Right atrium 447. What happens in the body in response to a state of hypoglycemia? A. Glucagon and insulin production in the pancreas decreases B. Insulin causes the pancreas to release glucose stores C. Parasympathetic stimulus releases glycogen from the liver D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores D. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release glycogen stores 448. A patient complains of night sweats, weight loss, and shortness of breath. Palpation reveals nodules in his axillary region. He denies any sputum production. What should you suspect? A. Pneumonia B. Hepatitis C. Lymphoma D. Tuberculosis C. Lymphoma 449. A 56 year old male complains of diarrhea, nausea, and diffuse pain in his abdomen for the past 48 hours. What should you suspect? A. Cholecystis B. Gastroenteritis C. Diverticulitis D. Peptic ulcer B. Gastroenteritis 450. A 52 year old female was the passenger in a car crash in which the airbag deployed. She complains of violent pain in her left shoulder. What is this known as? A. Grey-Turner's sign B. Supports operations C. Monitors the scene for potential hazards D. Alerts media regarding hazards to the community C. Monitors the scene for potential hazards 464. How is cardiac output calculated? A. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. B. Heart rate divided by stroke volume. C. Heart rate added to stroke volume. D. Stroke volume divided by heart rate. A. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume. 465. What condition is NOT commonly associated with sickle cell anemia? A. Excessive bleeding B. Renal disease C. Musculoskeletal pain D. Abdominal pain A. Excessive bleeding 466. What is a form of off line or indirect medical control signed by the medical director? A. Medical direction B. Advanced directive C. Protocol D. Standing order D. Standing order 467. You find a critically injured female in single vehicle automobile collision on a rural road. What additional resource should you mobilize? A. Local sheriff B. A second ambulance C. A rescue squad D. Air medical transport D. Air medical transport 468. An alert 65 year old male speaks in 2 word dyspnea. He has a 10 year cardiac history. Lung sounds reveal crackles in the bases with expiratory wheezing. Vital signs are BP 140/90, P 110, R 30. What should you do? A. Administer nitroglycerin B. Obtain IV access C. Acquire a 12 lead ECG D. Administer aspirin D. Administer aspirin 469. After several attempts at intubating a patient you are unsuccessful. What should you do? A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. B. Continue your attempts until you are too exhausted to continue. C. Provide high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask. D. Call medical control and request permission to stop the code. A. Insert an oral airway and ventilate using a bag-valve mask. 470. An 8 year old complains of severe lower leg pain. He was released from a local emergency room 8 hours ago following treatment for a closed tibia fracture. The whole lower leg is swollen, pale and has decreased sensation. What should you suspect? A. An acute arterial occlusion B. Compartment syndrome C. Ineffective immobilization D. An associated calf muscle strain B. Compartment syndrome 471. What is the most common cause of abdominal trauma? A. Gun shot wounds B. Multiple stab wounds C. Blunt trauma D. Motor vehicle crashes C. Blunt trauma 472. Which sound indicates an upper airway obstruction? A. Rales B. Wheezing C. Crackles D. Stridor E. Rhonchi D. Stridor 473. Where should you position your vehicle at a motor vehicle collision on the highway? A. 500 feet behind the patient's vehicle B. At a location determined by law enforcement C. At a staging area D. In front of the patient's vehicle D. In front of the patient's vehicle 474. To administer dextrose, what must a patient's blood sugar be under? A. 40 mg/dL B. 100 mg/dL C. 80 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL D. 60 mg/dL 475. You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. There is no fire, leaking fluid, or fumes. How far from the wreckage should you park? A. 15 feet B. 150 feet C. 50 feet D. 100 feet C. 50 feet 476. Oral hypoglycemic agents primarily work by what mechanism? A. Stimulate the creation of insulin B. Stimulate the release of insulin C. Lower sugar production D. Convert glycogen to glucose B. Stimulate the release of insulin 477. What pacemaker in the heart has an intrinsic rate of 60-100 beats per minute? A. SA Node B. Bundle of His C. AV Node D. Ductus arteriosus A. SA Node 478. What is the purpose of the National Incident Management System? A. Provide plans for covering up terrorist attacks. B. Allow for federal control of all major incidents. C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. D. Provide funding to local agencies that deal with MCI's. C. Standardize the multi-agency response to an MCI. 479. What solution has a solute concentration lower than cells? A. Hypotonic B. Isotonic C. Eutonic D. Hypertonic A. Hypotonic 480. A 67 year old female is undergoing dialysis treatment for renal failure. Which of her organs is compromised? A. Lungs B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Kidneys D. Kidneys 481. When assessing a patient with a fractured tibia, what is an example of a pertinent negative? A. The patient a loss of circulation below the injury. B. The patient is unable to wiggle his/her toes. C. The patient has no pedal pulse. D. The patient denies numbness or tingling. D. The patient denies numbness or tingling. 482. What is the best position to optimally hear heart sounds? A. Left lateral recumbent B. Sitting up leaning forward C. Rght lateral recumbent D. High Fowler's leaning back B. Sitting up leaning forward 483. A 62 year old female presents with diminished lung sounds in all lobes, SpO2 of 86% on NRB @15 lpm, HR 120 and BP of 190/100. She reports a history of HTN, CHF, COPD and A-Fib. The patient is prescribed Metoprolol, Diltiazem, Nitroglycerin, Albuterol and Flovent. She should receive which intervention first? A. Nitroglycerin B. Aspirin C. Albuterol D. CPAP B. 35 year old female blunt abdominal trauma, BP 180/90. C. 25 year old male head injury, apneic and tachycardia, BP 86/30 D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 D. 16 year old male bilateral tibia and fibula fractures, BP 90/54 497. What mechanism does the body lose the majority of heat? A. Evaporation B. Conduction C. Convection D. Radiation D. Radiation 498. What is the expected breathing rate for a child under the age of eight? A. 10-20 breaths per min. B. 5-10 breaths per min. C. 20-40 breaths per min. D. 40-60 breaths per min. C. 20-40 breaths per min. 499. What level should EMS Professionals responding to high risk low incident rescues be trained? A. Operations B. Specialist C. Awareness D. Technical C. Awareness 500. What is an abnormal respiratory pattern characterized by deep, rapid breaths? A. Kussmaul's B. Cheyne-Stokes C. Ataxic (Biot's) D. Apneustic A. Kussmaul's 501. What is your priority as the incident commander at a mass casualty incident? A. Monitor incident organization. B. Notification of the media. C. Directing extrication of casualties. D. Ensuring safety of EMS personnel. A. Monitor incident organization. 502. A 31 year old female has gun shot wound to the right lateral chest. She is awake and alert with obvious difficulty breathing. Where should she be transported? A. Respiratory center B. Trauma center C. Local hospital D. Emergency department B. Trauma center 503. What does chronotropy refer to? A. Stroke volume B. Blood pressure C. Cardiac output D. Heart rate D. Heart rate 504. A healthy, athletic male undergoes a routine physical screening. He presents in no acute distress. His ECG shows the following rhythm: "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/EKGParis1.png" (Sinus Brady at 60 BPM) You should: A. initiate IV access and administer atropine 0.5 mg. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. C. prepare for immediate transcutaneous pacing. D. administer a fluid bolus of 250 cc and reevaluate. B. not do anything; this is likely normal for this patient. 505. What is a psychosomatic complaint? A. An often delusional mental state characterized by feelings of dejection, insomnia, or weight loss. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. C. A feeling of apprehension, uncertainty, and fear. D. A mental disorder characterized by abnormal suspicions or other delusions. B. A condition in which psychic energy from a repressed idea is converted into physical symptoms. 506. Which statement about suicide is correct? A. People who talk about suicide rarely act on it. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. C. All suicidal people are mentally ill. D. The suicide rate is lowest during holiday seasons. B. There is a high correlation between suicide and alcohol use. 507. You respond to a call when you see a stopped school bus with its red lights flashing. What should you do? A. Select an alternate route that is both safe and quick. B. Slow down and be alert for any children who may be crossing. C. Call dispatch and request the response of another ambulance. D. Stop and proceed only after the flashing lights are off. D. Stop and proceed only after the flashing lights are off. 508. Why is it beneficial to have two rescuers dedicated solely to ventilating a patient via Bag Valve Mask (BVM)? A. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can provide cricoid pressure B. So they can switch every two minutes to avoid rescuer fatigue C. So one can ventilate and the other can insert a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) D. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can maintain an adequate seal D. So one rescuer can squeeze the bag and the other rescuer can maintain an adequate seal 509. A 56 year old male complains of dull and cramping abdominal pain that makes him nauseous. What type of pain is describing? A. Parietal B. Somatic C. Referred D. Visceral D. Visceral 510. Hepatojugular reflux is an indication of what condition. A. Pancreatitis B. Bowel Obstruction C. Liver Failure D. Heart Failure D. Heart Failure 511. A 26 year old male is leaning over the toilet vomiting a steady stream of bright, red blood. He is a chronic alcoholic. What should you do? A. Transport in a position of comfort. B. Position him supine and suction his airway. C. Immobilize the patient and transport. D. Apply a non-rebreather mask. A. Transport in a position of comfort. 512. You are treating a patient exhibiting signs and symptoms hypoglycemia. What hormones would you expect are being released in their body? A. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol B. Glucagon, ADH, oxytocin C. Cortisol, thyroxine, norepinephrine D. Insulin, epinephrine, ADH A. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol 513. What is the degree of skill and judgment that would be expected of a similarly trained, reasonable paramedic acting under similar circumstances is referred to as? A. Standard of care B. Professional standard C. Paramedic code D. Scope of practice A. Standard of care 514. What is the natural tendency of the body to maintain a steady and normal internal environment known as? A. Constant metabolism B. Positive feedback C. Homeostasis D. Osmosis C. Homeostasis 515. What blood type is known as the "universal recipient"? A. AB B. B C. A D. O A. AB 528. How should you treat shock resulting from a tension pneumothorax? A. Pleural decompression B. Administration of a fluid challenge C. Cricothyrotomy D. Endotracheal intubation and hyperventilation A. Pleural decompression 529. You respond for an unconscious 5 year old. The patient's skin is dusky, he responds to deep painful stimuli, and his breathing is slow and shallow. After initiating ventilation with a bag-valve mask, his mentation and respiratory effort do not change. His pulse is 46. What should you do? A. Initiate transport. B. Attempt to place an oral airway. C. Initiate chest compressions. D. Increase the rate of ventilation. C. Initiate chest compressions. 530. Which symptoms are collectively known as Cushing's triad? A. Decreased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, increased respirations B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations C. Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased respirations D. Decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, altered respirations B. Increased blood pressure, decreased heart rate, altered respirations 531. What is the inherent pacing rate of the AV junction? A. 60-100 B. 10-20 C. 20-40 D. 40-60 D. 40-60 532. A 32 year old pregnant female states "I have been in labor for an hour and my water broke." What should you do? A. Transport emergently. B. Check for crowning. C. Obtain baseline vital signs. D. Obtain a SAMPLE medical history B. Check for crowning. 533. What is the medical term for excessive urine production? A. Oliguria B. Hyperuria C. Polyuria D. Nocturia C. Polyuria 534. What viral infection commonly found in children ages 6 months to 4 years has a distinct "seal-like" cough? A. Epiglottitis B. Croup C. Asthma D. Bronchiolitis B. Croup 535. If transport is delayed or prolonged, and if circulation is impaired, an attempt should be made to reposition a grossly deformed fracture or dislocated joint (if allowed by medical control or protocol). The exception is an injury to the _____ A. Hip B. Elbow C. Knee D. Ankle A. Hip 536. Which of the following manual airway maneuvers should be used to open the airway when caring for a patient with a suspected cervical spine injury? A. Sellick's B. Jaw/tongue lift C. Head-tilt/chin lift D. Modified jaw-thrust D. Modified jaw-thrust 537. What refractory phase happens when the ventricles depolarize? A. Common B. Absolute C. Relative D. Negative B. Absolute 538. A 33 year old male is unconscious after attempting to hang himself. First responders have placed him supine on the ground. Vital signs are BP 70/30, P 46, R 4 and shallow. What should you do? A. Apply a cervical collar. B. Insert an oral airway. C. Assist his ventilations. D. Start CPR. C. Assist his ventilations. 539. An unresponsive 2 day old female is in respiratory distress. Her skin is cyanotic and vital signs are P 184, R 72. What should you do? A. Asses for a blood pressure. B. Administer albuterol. C. Assist her ventilations. D. Apply blow-by oxygen. C. Assist her ventilations. 540. An injury produced by wounding forces of compression and change of speed, both of which can disrupt tissue is defined as. A. Blunt trauma. B. Penetrating trauma. C. Cavitation. D. Third degree Trauma. A. Blunt trauma. 541. A 40 year old male is short of breath after being kicked in the chest by a horse. He is alert and disoriented with absent lung sounds on right side. Vital signs are P 120, R 24 and shallow. What finding would indicate an immediate needle thoracostomy? A. Jugular vein distension B. Muffled heart tones C. Blood pressure of 80/40 D. Subcutaneous emphysema C. Blood pressure of 80/40 542. Pertinent negatives are a part of the narrative component of the patient care report because they A. determine a treatment plan for the patient. B. confirm a thorough patient assessment. C. provide the field diagnosis. D. provide the most important information about the patient's complaint. B. confirm a thorough patient assessment. 543. A 16 year old male has a broken nose. He is bleeding heavily from both nostrils. What should you do? A. Apply direct pressure to his nostrils. B. Gently pack both nostrils with sterile gauze. C. Pinch his nose and lean him forward. D. Pinch his nose and lean him back. C. Pinch his nose and lean him forward. 544. A 19 year old male has a traumatic chest injury. You discover that his trachea deviates away from the injury. What should you suspect? A. Tension pneumothorax B. Atelectasis C. Upper airway obstruction D. Flail chest A. Tension pneumothorax 545. Stroke volume is a function of all of the following EXEPT: A. Cardiac Contractility B. Heart Rate C. Afterload D. Preload B. Heart Rate 546. What ECG tracing is associated with atrial systole? A. T-waves B. S-waves C. R-waves D. P-waves D. P-waves 547. How does endogenous fibrinolysis occur? A. Through administration of heparin. B. By the production of plasmin. C. Through conversion of plasmin to plasminogen. D. By administration of tissue plasminogen. B. By the production of plasmin. C. L2 D. T7 C. L2 561. What gland secretes chemical substances directly into the blood and is also called a ductless gland? A. Adrenocorticotropic B. Endocrine C. Exocrine D. Sebaceous B. Endocrine 562. After assisting your patient with the self-administration of their prescribed metered- dose inhaler medication, what should you do? A. Gather an additional set of vital signs. B. Discontinue high-flow oxygenation of the patient. C. Ensure the medication belongs to the patient. D. Wait for the patient's condition to alleviate. A. Gather an additional set of vital signs. 563. A 72 year old male has slurred speech and left-sided weakness. Which diagnostic assessment is most important to narrow your field impression? A. End-tidal CO2 analysis B. 12-lead electrocardiogram C. Blood glucose analysis D. Oxygen saturation C. Blood glucose analysis 564. An 18 year old male is hypotensive and bradycardic. His skin is warm and dry. He was hit during a football game and lost consciousness. What should you suspect? A. Septic B. Cardiogenic C. Hypovolemic D. Neurogenic D. Neurogenic 565. What is normal pulmonary artery pressure is equal to? A. Right ventricular diastolic pressure B. Right ventricular systolic pressure C. Left ventricular systolic pressure D. Left ventricular diastolic pressure B. Right ventricular systolic pressure 566. You are giving 3 mg of midazolam. Your concentration is 5 mg/5 mL. How many mL should you give? A. 7 B. 1 C. 5 D. 3 D. 3 567. A 38 year old female has severe dyspnea and a swollen, protruding tongue. She recently left her physician's office after receiving an injection of antibiotics. What should you do? A. Perform needle cricothyrotomy. B. Insert a nasal airway. C. Administer epinephrine. D. Administer warm humidified oxygen. C. Administer epinephrine. 568. A lethargic 78 year old female has chest pain. She is dyspneic and nauseated. An ECG shows widened polymorphic complex and a ventricular rate of 130. What should you do? A. Administer amiodarone B. Start chest compressions C. Synchronized cardioversion D. Administer lidocaine C. Synchronized cardioversion 569. In order for a vaccine to be effective, it must cause: A. a minor illness to the person vaccinated B. development of antibodies specific to the disease C. the body to store the antigen information D. pain during administration at the site of injection B. development of antibodies specific to the disease 570. A 34 year old female with a history of hypothyroidism is unresponsive. A physical exam reveals thin hair, facial swelling, and very cold, pliable skin. Vital signs are BP 90/62, P 56, R 10, temperature 95F. What should you suspect? A. Addison's disease B. Thyrotoxicosis C. Myxedema D. Hypothermia C. Myxedema 571. A 72 year old male complains of sudden onset chest pain in his midclavicular, left, 5th intercostal space. Vital signs are BP 140/80, P 102, R 26. He states he recently had a hernia surgery. What should you suspect? A. Pulmonary embolism B. Myocardial infarction C. Pneumothorax D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome A. Pulmonary embolism 572. What is the normal bodily pH? A. 7.10-7.25 B. 7.35-7.45 C. 6.25-6.45 D. 7.55-8.0 B. 7.35-7.45 573. Which of the following has the thickest muscle wall? A. Ventricular myocardium B. Visceral pericardium C. Atrial epicardium D. Parietal endocardium A. Ventricular myocardium 574. What signals the end of the second stage of labor? A. Delivery of the baby B. Complete cervical dilation C. Delivery of the placenta D. Bulging of the perineum A. Delivery of the baby 575. What disease has the greatest impact on alveolar oxygen diffusion? A. Bronchitis B. Pneumonia C. Emphysema D. Asthma C. Emphysema 576. What is the responsibility of Finance during an MCI? A. Tracking personnel staffing for overtime records B. Coordinating multiple agency's efforts in mitigating the incident C. Ordering ambulance strike teams to staging areas D. Securing portable showers and toilets for the rescue personnel A. Tracking personnel staffing for overtime records 577. You are treating a 65 year old male with a history of CHF in acute respiratory distress. He complains of difficulty breathing and chest pain. You note crackles bilaterally, pulse 100, respiratory rate of 22, and BP 160/90. You should: A. Administer 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin. B. Have him chew 162 mg of aspirin. C. Place the patient on CPAP. D. Prepare for an advanced airway. C. Place the patient on CPAP. 578. What is the most common route of hazardous materials exposure? A. Absorption B. Injection C. Inhalation D. Ingestion C. Inhalation 579. What type of impact to an unrestrained occupant commonly results in a multiple system injury? A. Rotational B. Frontal C. Lateral D. Broadside A. Rotational 580. You are called to a bar for a 52 year old male who has slurred speech and difficulty sitting upright. He is unable to follow your commands and refuses to leave the bar. Which of the following should you consider LAST? A. Stroke 593. What chemical substance, released by a gland, controls processes in other glands or body systems? A. Hormone B. Steroid C. Catecholamine D. Glucocorticoid A. Hormone 594. A factory worker has a 3/4 inch laceration on his forehead that bleeds through the dressings despite direct pressure. What should you do? A. Remove the dressing and apply direct digital pressure. B. Continue direct pressure and apply additional dressings. C. Apply pressure to the facial artery. D. Apply unilateral carotid pressure. B. Continue direct pressure and apply additional dressings. 595. How should you place a pregnant female on a backboard? A. Raise the feet 12-18 inches in the air. B. Raise the head 12-18 inches in the air. C. You should never put them on the backboard. D. Raise the right side of the board 6-12 inches in the air. D. Raise the right side of the board 6-12 inches in the air. 596. What is homeostasis? A. The body's ability to maintain a temperature equal to the external temperature. B. The control mechanism is often referred to as a positive feedback loop. C. The act of movement from higher concentrations to lower concentrations. D. The relative stability and constancy of the body's internal environment. D. The relative stability and constancy of the body's internal environment. 597. A 67 year old male is complaining of crushing chest pain. Vital signs are BP 110/60, P 80, R 20. SaO2 92% Your 12 lead ECG shows S-T elevation in leads 2,3, and aVF. What should you administer? A. Oxygen B. Oxygen, Aspirin, Nitroglycerin, and Morphine C. Oxygen, Aspirin, Morphine D. Oxygen and Aspirin D. Oxygen and Aspirin 598. What does digoxin increase in the heart? A. Conduction velocity B. Heart rate C. Contractility D. Preload C. Contractility 599. A 26 year old male underwent a recent surgery. He has fever, altered mental status, and decreased urine output. What should you suspect? A. Anaphylactic shock B. Neurogenic shock C. Hypovolemic shock D. Septic shock D. Septic shock 600. You are preparing to deliver a woman's first child at 39 weeks gestation. During your SAMPLE history, you are told the patient has a history of insulin-dependent diabetes. What should you suspect? A. The baby may be too large to deliver. B. The mother will be likely to hemorrhage. C. The mother will become hypoglycemic D. The baby will be hypoglycemic. A. The baby may be too large to deliver. 601. You are to give Lasix 60 mg IV push. Lasix is supplied as 20mg/2ml. What volume of solution will you administer? A. 12 mL B. 6 mL C. 4 mL D. 10 mL B. 6 mL 602. A 60 year old male with a head injury is moaning and making incomprehensible sounds. He withdrew when you started his IV but is otherwise not moving. His eyes are wide open. What is his Glasgow Coma Score? A. 13 B. 3 C. 6 D. 10 D. 10 603. A 76 year old male is unresponsive. Family members state that he has been ill for several days with decreasing mental status. Vital signs are BP 60/30, P 136, R 36, BG 780. His skin is pale, cool, and dry. He has a history of Type II diabetes. What should you suspect? A. Thyrotoxicosis B. HHS C. DKA D. Adrenal insufficiency B. HHS 604. Fractures of long bones may result in moderate to severe hemorrhage within the first 2 hours. As much as _____ of blood may be released from a pelvic fracture. A. 2000ml B. 1550ml C. 500ml D. 1000ml A. 2000ml 605. During the management of a critical incident, who determines the strategies for the incident? A. Safety Officer B. Planning Chief C. Operations Chief D. Deputy Incident Commander B. Planning Chief 606. A 50 year old female presents with narrow complex tachycardia and has the following signs and symptoms: respiratory rate of 22 and non labored, BP of 117/68, radial pulse rate of 176 strong and regular, and skin is pink, warm, and dry. What would be the most appropriate first treatment. A. vagal maneuvers B. synchronized cardioversion at 50 J C. synchronized cardioversion at 100 J D. Adenosine 6 mg fast IV push A. vagal maneuvers 607. What level of hazmat protection includes turnout gear? A. Level B B. Level D C. Level A D. Level C B. Level D 608. Which sector coordinates operations with the staging officer and routes patients to the hospital? A. Communications B. Command C. Transportation D. Triage C. Transportation 609. Which structure would an endotracheal tube be most likely to enter should it be advanced too far? A. Right main bronchus B. Left main bronchus C. Esophagus D. Trachea A. Right main bronchus 610. When a child presents with a high fever, stiff neck and petechial rash, what personal protective equipment should you use? A. Gloves and gown only B. Gloves only C. Gloves and mask only D. Gloves, mask and gown D. Gloves, mask and gown 611. A 47 year old female complains of generalized weakness, nausea, and dizziness. She has been extremely thirsty over the last three days. Vital signs are unremarkable. What should you suspect? A. Diabetes insipidus B. Hypothyroidism C. Diverticulitis D. Grave's disease C. Polyuria 625. A driver is sitting with her legs trapped between the dash and the floor. The roof is collapsed between the B and C posts. To free the patient, you should use A. cribbing, air chisel, and hydraulic cutter. B. airbags, K12 rescue saw, and chain. C. wedges, high-lift jack, and come-along tool. D. step chocks, reciprocating saw, and halligan bar. C. wedges, high-lift jack, and come-along tool. 626. A 56 year old female responds inappropriately to your questions. Vital signs are BP 184/88, P 88, R 14. She has an asymmetrical smile, tearing in her right eye, and drifting of her right arm. What should you suspect? A. Bell's Palsy B. A right sided stroke C. A left sided stroke D. Dementia C. A left sided stroke 627. A 34 year old male has a left leg amputation. The injury is spurting bright red blood. Bystanders have unsuccessfully attempted to control the bleeding with direct pressure. What should you do? A. Apply a tourniquet above the damaged tissue and tighten until the bleeding stops. B. Remove the dressings placed on the wound by the bystanders to get a better look. C. Apply direct pressure with a gloved hand and elevate the extremity above the heart. D. Attempt to find the open artery and apply direct finger pressure until the bleeding stops. A. Apply a tourniquet above the damaged tissue and tighten until the bleeding stops. 628. What does the P-R interval represent? A. Atrial depolarization and A-V delay B. Atrial repolarization and filling C. A-V delay and ventricular repolarization. D. Ventricular depolarization. A. Atrial depolarization and A-V delay 629. What area of the brain is primarily responsible for respiration? A. Pons B. Medulla C. Hypothalamus D. Amygdala B. Medulla 630. Which of the following terms best describes ventricular filling? A. Afterload B. Preload C. Systole D. Diastole D. Diastole 631. What is the maximum amount of time allowed to complete endotracheal intubation? A. 10 seconds B. 20 seconds C. 30 seconds D. 15 seconds C. 30 seconds 632. A 56 year old male tripped and fell into a manhole in the sidewalk. He complains of chest pain and tenderness when he takes a deep breath. Lung sounds are clear but diminished bilaterally. Vital signs are BP 140/90, P 90, R12. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? A. Rib fractures B. Tension pneumothorax C. Flail chest D. Left sided hemothorax A. Rib fractures 633. What signs and symptoms should make you suspect a heroin overdose? A. Pinpoint pupils, coma, and respiratory depression B. Dilated pupils, coma, and tachypnea C. Hypertension, tachycardia, and urinary retention D. Lacrimation, bradycardia, and hyperactivity B. Dilated pupils, coma, and tachypnea, def A though! 634. "https://testing.fisdap.net/testing_images/EKG-Scans-016.jpg" (NS at 70 BPM) A 54 year old male complains of short bursts of chest pain when his internal defibrillator fires. You note he is internally defibrillated every 10 seconds. The ECG returns to the rhythm shown just before the patient is defibrillated. What should you do? A. Begin overdrive pacing with low joules setting. B. Obtain a 12 lead ECG and transport emergently. C. Monitor vital signs and sedative agent. D. Apply a magnet on the patient's chest. D. Apply a magnet on the patient's chest. 635. A 54 year old male has burns over 60% total body surface. Which type of fluid should you administer? A. 5% dextrose in water B. Normal saline C. Lactated ringers D. Hextend C. Lactated ringers