FLIGHT PARAMEDIC CERTIFICATION EXAM 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY SET, Exams of Health sciences

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FLIGHT PARAMEDIC

CERTIFICATION EXAM 100%

VERIFIED ANSWERS

2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY

SET

Agent Aspirin (ASA) Antidote Bicarb Agent Benzodiazepines Antidote Flumazenil (Romazicon) Agent Beta Blockers Antidote Glucagon Agent Calcium Channel Blockers Antidote Calcium Gluconate Agent Cocaine

Antidote Benzodiazepines Agent Pit Vipers Antidote CroFab, FabAV Agent Cyanide Antidote Amyl Nitrate (inhaled), Sodium Nitrate (IV), Sodium Thiosulfate (IV) Agent Digitalis Antidote Digibind, Digoxin Fab Agent Dilantin Antidote Supportive care Agent Ethylene Glycol (Anti-Freeze) Antidote IV Ethanol, Fomepizole (Antizol) Agent Hydrocarbons Antidote Intubate

Agent Isoniazid (INH) Antidote Pyridoxine Agent Iron Antidote Defroxamine Agent Methanol Antidote IV Ethanol Agent Opiods Antidote Naloxone (Narcan) Agent Organophosphates Antidote Atropine, 2 Pam Chloride Agent Tricyclic Antidepressants Antidote Bicarb Agent Tylenol

Antidote Mucomyst, Acetadote Pediatric age range Neonate Birth to 28 days Pediatric age range Infant 28 days to 1 year Pediatric age range Toddler 1 to 2 years Pediatric age range Child

2 years Pediatric Normal BP formula 90 + (2 x age) Pediatric Hypotensive BP formula 70 + (2 x age) Neonate/Infant Emergency Fluid Resuscitation dose 10cc/kg

Toddler/Child Emergency Fluid Resuscitation dose 20cc/kg Max number of fluid bolus infusion for a pediatric 2

Glucose management for all pediatrics D-Stick< 60mg/dL, all ages 2cc/kg Glucose management DOC for a neonate D Glucose management DOC for an infant D Glucose management DOC for a toddler D ABG value PH 7.35-7. ABG value CO 35 - 45 ABG value HCO 22 - 26 ABG value PaO 80 - 100 mmhg ABG value SaO

95%

ABG value Base (excess/deficit) (-2) to (+2) Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Na+ (sodium) 135 - 145 mEq/L Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value K+ (potassium) 3.5 - 5 mEq/L Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Cl- (chloride) 95 - 105 mEq/L Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) 22 - 26 mEq/L Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) 6 - 24 mg/dL Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Cr (creatinine) .7-1.4 mg/dL Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Glucose 80 - 120 mg/dL

Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Sodium is... The primary extracellular cation, helps nerves and muscles interact Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Potassium is... The primary intracellular cation, responsible for cell excitability, resting membrane potential (MOST DANGEROUS ABNORMALITY) Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Chloride is... An extracellular cation, maintains osmotic pressure, helps stomach produce hydrochloric acid Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Carbon Dioxide is... Important for helping maintain the acid-base balance Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Blood Urea Nitrogen... Helps provide a picture of renal clearance Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Creatinine... Help provide a picture of renal clearance Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Glucose... Shows how much glucose is circulating in the blood Gas Laws Boyle's Law Equation P1 x V1 = P2 x V

Gas Laws Boyle's Law Definition The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant temperature Gas Laws Dalton's Law Definition The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture Gas Laws Charle's Law Equation V1 x T2 = V2 x T Gas Laws Charle's Law Definition At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas Gas Laws Gay-Lussac's Law Equation P1 x T2 = P2 x T Gas Laws Gay-Lussac's Law Definition Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure DCS is related to what gas law? Henry's Law DCS Type 1 S/S, Tx Pain Itching Swelling

Recompression on TT DCS Type 2 S/S, Tx Any neurologic sign Pain in two or more joint Pain the t-shirt or shorts area Hypovolemic Shock Recompression on TT Cutis Marmorata S/S, Tx Mottled Skin Recompression on TT AGE is due to what gas law? Boyle's Law What happens with an AGE Breath holding on ascent, over inflation of alveoli, possible pneumothorax, gas pushes through membrane into pulmonary capillaries, gas bubbles block vessels, lead to ischemia and infarct of tissues AGE S/S, Tx Any neurologic sign with Hx of hyperbaric exposure Recompression on TT Atmospheric calculations 33ft of sea water =

1 atmosphere Atmospheric calculations surface atmosphere + 33ft of sea water = 2 atmospheres absolute (2ATA) Atmospheric zones Physiologic Zone Sea level to 10,000 ft MSL Night vision decreased beginning at 5,000 ft MSL Atmospheric zones Physiologically Deficient Zone 10,000 ft - 50,000 ft MSL Oxygen required to survive Atmospheric zones Physiologically Deficient Zone Time of Useful Consciousness at 30,000 ft MSL 90 Seconds Atmospheric zones Physiologically Deficient Zone Rapid cabin depressurization leads to... Cutting Time of Useful Consciousness in HALF Atmospheric Zones Space Equivalent Zone

50,000 ft MSL Types of hypoxia Hypemic

Reduction in O2 carrying ability Anemia, hemorrhage Types of hypoxia Histotoxic Poisoning of the cytochrome oxidase system Cyanide, CO, alcohol Types of hypoxia Hypoxic Not enough oxygen in the air altitude, deficiency in alveolar O2 exchange, pneumothorax Types of hypoxia Stagnant Reduced cardiac output High G forces, cardiogenic shock Stages of hypoxia Indifferent - some loss of night vision Compensatory - ⇧HR, vent, slowed judgement Disturbance - drunk Critical - death Stressors of flight Self imposed Dehydration Exhaustion Alcohol Tobacco Hypoglycemia Stressors of flight Inherent

Thermal Changes ⇩ Humidity Gravitational forces Fatigue ⇩ Partial pressure of O Barometric pressure change Noise Vibration G Forces - Gx Direction of Force Toleration Example Anterior/Posterior Best tolerated Accelerating/decelerating in your car G Forces - Gz Direction Toleration Example Vertical Falling from a roof and landing on your feet G Forces - Gy Direction Toleration Example Lateral Least tolerated Being T-Boned in a car wreck Altitude Effects Every 1,000 ft increase causes temp to drop...

2° Celcius Altitude Effects Barondontalgia Occurs on ascent Air trapped in filling expands (Boyle's Law) Altitude Effects Barotitis Occurs on descent Air trapped in middle ear unable equalize due to blocked Eustachian Tube Altitude Effects Barosinusitis Occurs both ascent and descent Air blocked in sinuses unable to equalize CAMTS stands for... Commission for the Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems CAMTS Air Transport Team Members Flight nurse Flight Paramedic Respiratory Therapist Flight Physician CAMTS Air Medical Resources Management Distributes workload The operational practice of involving ALL members of the flight team in the mission planning, decision making, and mission safety Crew Resource Management in the military

CAMTS

Critical phases of flight Take off Landing (short final) Refueling Taxi (ground or air) CAMTS Distance you must be able to pull your flight suit away from your body 1/4" CAMTS Safe operation of the air craft comes before... Patient care CAMTS Long range flights are anything over... 3 hours CAMTS The only time you do not need to wear a seatbelt is... Straight and level flights (or when PIC (pilot in charge) directs you) CAMTS Rotary wing PIC qualifications 2,000 hours total flight time 1,200 hours in rotary wing A/C 1,000 hours as PIC 100 hour as PIC at night Must be instrument rated Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) cert strongly encouraged Area Orientation - 5 hours total with 2 at night before solo mission

CAMTS

Fixed wing PIC qualifications 2,000 hours total flight time 1,000 hours as PIC 100 hours as PIC at night Must possess Airline Transport Pilot cert Must be instrument rated CAMTS Federal Aviation Regulation Part 91 Applies to everyone No duty day No weather minimums CAMTS Federal Aviation Regulation Part 135 Applies to flying passengers for money Max duty day 14 hours 8 hours total flying time 8 hours "bottle to throttle" CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Local Day 800' ceiling 2 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Local Night w/ NVGs or TAWS

800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Cross Country Day 800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Cross Country Night w/ NVGs or TAWS 1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Local Day 800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Local Night w/ NVGs or TAWS 1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums

Mountainous - Cross Country Day 1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Cross Country Night w/ NVGs or TAWS 1000' ceiling 5 mile visibility CAMTS If bad weather is encountered in flight... divert to the nearest facility CAMTS #1 cause of crash... Bad weather CAMTS #2 cause of crash... Night flight Diagnostic Signs S Congestive Heart Failure Diagnostic Signs S Myocardial Infarction

Diagnostic Signs Turtles Sign Shoulder dystocia When the fetus crowns and then goes back in Diagnostic Signs McRobert's Maneuver Shoulder dystocia Hyperflex the mother's legs to abdomen Diagnostic Signs Mauriceau's Maneuver Breech delivery A method of delivering the head in an assisted breech delivery in which the infant's body is supported by the right forearm while traction is made upon the shoulders by the left hand. Diagnostic Signs Steeple Sign Croup The radiologic image of subglottic narrowing from edema, suggestive of a steeple Diagnostic Signs Waddell's Triad Pediatric hit by car Femur fracture Head injury Intra-abdominal or intra-thoracic injury Diagnostic Signs Cushing's Triad

ICP

Irregular breathing Widening pulse pressures Bradycardia Diagnostic Signs Babinski's Sign Spinal cord injury The big toes goes up and the toes fan out when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked Diagnostic Signs Brudzinski's Sign Meningitis Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. Diagnostic Signs Kernig's Sign Meningitis Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees. Diagnostic Signs Grey-Turner's Sign Pancreatitis Bruising of the flanks Diagnostic Signs Cullen's Sign

Pancreatitis Periumbilical swelling and bruising Diagnostic Signs Chvostek's Sign Hypocalcemia Tapping on the face at a point just anterior to the ear and just below the zygomatic bone leading to twitching of the ipsilateral facial muscles Diagnostic Signs Trousseau's Sign Hypocalcemia Inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff above systolic blood pressure for several minutes causing muscular contraction including flexion of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints, hyperextension of the fingers, and flexion of the thumb on the palm Diagnostic Signs Virchow's Sign DVT Hypercoagulability Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) Endothelial injury/dysfunction Diagnostic Signs Kehr's Sign Splenic injury Referred pain to the left shoulder

Diagnostic Signs Ballance's Sign Coagulated blood in the abdomen A dull percussion resonance sound heard on the right flank of a patient lying in the left decubitus position, an indication of a ruptured spleen. The sound is caused by an accumulation of liquid blood on the right side and coagulated blood on the left. Diagnostic Signs Coopernail's Sign Pelvic fracture Bruising of the skin of the perineum, scrotum, or labia. Diagnostic Signs Kussmaul's Sign Chest trauma JVD on inspiration Diagnostic Signs Beck's Triad Cardiac Tamponade Low arterial blood pressure Distended neck veins Muffled heart tones Diagnostic Signs Hamman's Crunch Mediastinal Emphysema Crunching, raspy sound that is synchronous with the heart beat

Diagnostic Signs Murphy's Sign Cholecystitis Pain on taking a deep breath when the examiner's fingers are on the approximate location of the gallbladder. Diagnostic Signs McBurney's Sign Appendicitis Palpation of the McBurney's point, midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac crest in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen CAMTS Visual Flight Rules (VFR) means... You can only fly in weather conditions that you can where you are flying CAMTS Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) means... The weather conditions do not allow for safe flight by sight alone and the pilot must be able to use their instruments. CAMTS Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IIMC) means... The pilot started flying in VFR and the weather changed unexpectedly requiring the pilot to fly by instrument. CAMTS Hasty or Unsecured helicopter landing zones Must have coms with the ground generally 100' x 100' 1 approach and departure heading

2 passes required prior to landing During hours of limited visibility have 2 vehicles cross their headlights to mark HLZ CAMTS Permanent helicopter landing zones 2 approach and departure headings Perimeter lighting Landing beacon Windsock CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land immediately Engine failure Fire CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land ASAP Low transmission pressure Chip light CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land as soon as practical go to the closest convenient place to "check this thing out" CAMTS Crash Procedures Pre-crash sequence Lay the patient flat Turn off the oxygen Assume crash position

CAMTS

Crash Procedures Crash position Seat belt secured Sit straight up Chin strap tight/visor down Knees together, feet 6" apart, flat on floor, not under seat Arms crossed on chest Chin to chest CAMTS Crash Procedures Post-crash sequence Turn off throttle, fuel, battery Exit aircraft Assemble at the 12 o'clock Build a shelter, fire, water, signal CAMTS Emergency Locator Transmitter Self activated at 4Gs Transmit freq 121.5 MHz Upgraded transmit freq 406 MHz Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act You must act if someone requires emergency care to sustain life or is in active labor "150 yard" rule Sending physician is responsible until they arrive at the next facility Standard of Care Presence of Duty Breach of Duty Foreseeability

Causation Injury Damages Duty to Report Child abuse Elder abuse Violent crime Intubation indications Unable to swallow Patient can not ventilate GCS<8 Inhalation burns Anaphylaxis Apnea Obstruction Respiratory failure LEMON stands for... Look Evaluate 3- 3 - 2 Mallampati (I-IV) Obstructions Neck mobility Mallampati I Soft palate, uvula, anterior/posterior tonsillar pillars visible Mallampati II Tonsillar pillars hidden by tongue Mallampati III