Flight Paramedic Certification Exam Solved Examination 2024/2025, Exams of Space Flight Mechanics

Download Flight Paramedic Certification Exam Solved Examination 2024/2025 and more Exams Space Flight Mechanics in PDF only on Docsity! Flight Paramedic Certification Exam LAD (left anterior descending) - ANS>Coronary artery corresponding to the Anterior heart (leads V3, V4 ) Agent Aspirin (ASA) - ANS>Antidote Bicarb Agent Benzodiazepines - ANS>Antidote Flumazenil (Romazicon) (may cause seizures) Agent Beta Blockers - ANS>Antidote Glucagon Agent Calcium Channel Blockers - ANS>Antidote Calcium Gluconate Agent Cocaine - ANS>Antidote Benzodiazepines *DO NOT give beta-blockers to drug-induced, stimulant-related hypertensive and/ or tachycardic patients! Agent Pit Vipers - ANS>Antidote CroFab, FabAV Agent Cyanide - ANS>Antidote Amyl Nitrate (inhaled), Sodium Nitrate (IV), Sodium Thiosulfate (IV) Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride) has the prescense of ...? Tx? - ANS>Cyanide. Tx with simultaneous administration of Sodium Thiosulfate IV infusion. Agent Digoxin (Digitalis) - ANS>Antidote Atropine, 2 Pam Chloride Agent Tricyclic Antidepressants - ANS>Antidote Bicarb Agent Tylenol - ANS>Antidote Mucomyst, Acetadote, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Pediatric age range Neonate - ANS>Birth to 28 days Pediatric age range Infant - ANS>28 days to 1 year Pediatric age range Toddler - ANS>1 to 2 years Pediatric age range Child - ANS>> 2 years Pediatric Normal BP formula - ANS>90 + (2 x age) Pediatric Hypotensive BP formula - ANS>70 + (2 x age) Neonate/Infant Emergency Fluid Resuscitation dose - ANS>10cc/kg Toddler/Child Emergency Fluid Resuscitation dose - ANS>20cc/kg Max number of fluid bolus infusion for a pediatric - ANS>2 Glucose management for all pediatrics - ANS>D-Stick< 60mg/dL, all ages 2cc/kg Glucose management DOC for a neonate - ANS>2cc/kg of D10 Glucose management DOC for an infant - ANS>2cc/kg of D25 Glucose management DOC for a toddler - ANS>2cc/kg of D50 ABG value PH - ANS>7.35-7.45 ABG value CO2 - ANS>35-45 ABG value HCO3- - ANS>22-26 ABG value PaO2 - ANS>80-100 mmhg (60 mmHg = 90%) ABG value SaO2 - ANS>>95% ABG value Base (excess/deficit) - ANS>(-2) to (+2) Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Na+ (sodium) - ANS>135 - 145 mEq/L Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel value Chem 7 Basic Metabolic Panel Glucose... - ANS>Shows how much glucose is circulating in the blood Gas Laws Boyle's Law Definition - ANS>The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of a gas at a constant temperature Gas Laws Dalton's Law Definition - ANS>The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture Gas Laws Charle's Law Definition - ANS>At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas Gas Laws Gay-Lussac's Law Definition - ANS>Directly proportional relationship between temperature and pressure DCS is related to what gas law? - ANS>Henry's Law DCS Type 1 S/S, Tx - ANS>Pain Itching Swelling Recompression on TT5 Most common type of DCS in diving emergencies - ANS>Pulmonary barotrauma (from holding breath duing ascent) DCS vs AGE - ANS>DCS: delayed onset (0-36 hours) with neuro deficits manifesting in the brain and spinal cord. Occurs with "sufficient" dive time. AGE: immediate onset (< 10 minutes - 120 minutes) with neuro deficits manifesting in the brain only. Occurs with any dive. DCS Type 2 S/S, Tx - ANS>Any neurologic sign Pain in two or more joint Pain the t-shirt or shorts area Hypovolemic Shock Recompression on TT6 Cutis Marmorata S/S, Tx - ANS>Mottled Skin Recompression on TT6 AGE is due to what gas law? - ANS>Boyle's Law What happens with an AGE - ANS>Breath holding on ascent, over inflation of alveoli, possible pneumothorax, gas pushes through membrane into pulmonary capillaries, gas bubbles block vessels, lead to ischemia and infarct of tissues AGE S/S, Tx - ANS>Any neurologic sign with Hx of hyperbaric exposure Recompression on TT6 Atmospheric calculations Sea level = - ANS>1 atmosphere High G forces, cardiogenic shock Stages of hypoxia - ANS>Indifferent - some loss of night vision Compensatory - ⇧HR, vent, slowed judgement Disturbance - drunk Critical - death Stressors of flight Self imposed - ANS>Dehydration Exhaustion Alcohol Tobacco Hypoglycemia Stressors of flight Inherent - ANS>Thermal Changes⇩ Humidity Gravitational forces Fatigue⇩ Partial pressure of O2 Barometric pressure change Noise Vibration G Forces - Gx Direction of Force Toleration Example - ANS>Anterior/Posterior Best tolerated Accelerating/decelerating in your car G Forces - Gz Direction Toleration Example - ANS>Vertical Falling from a roof and landing on your feet G Forces - Gy Direction Toleration Example - ANS>Lateral Least tolerated Being T-Boned in a car wreck Altitude Effects Every 1,000 ft increase causes temp to drop... - ANS>2° Celcius Altitude Effects Barondontalgia - ANS>Occurs on ascent Air trapped in filling expands (Boyle's Law) Altitude Effects Barotitis - ANS>Occurs on descent Air trapped in middle ear unable equalize due to blocked Eustachian Tube Altitude Effects Barosinusitis - ANS>Occurs both ascent and descent Air blocked in sinuses unable to equalize CAMTS stands for... - ANS>Commission for the Accreditation of Medical Transport Systems CAMTS 100 hours as PIC at night Must possess Airline Transport Pilot cert Must be instrument rated CAMTS Federal Aviation Regulation Part 91 - ANS>Applies to everyone No duty day No weather minimums CAMTS Federal Aviation Regulation Part 135 - ANS>Applies to flying passengers for money Max duty day 14 hours 8 hours total flying time 8 hours "bottle to throttle" CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Local Day - ANS>800' ceiling 2 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Local Night w/ NVGs or TAWS - ANS>800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Cross Country Day - ANS>800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Non mountainous - Cross Country Night w/ NVGs or TAWS - ANS>1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Local Day - ANS>800' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Local Night w/ NVGs or TAWS - ANS>1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Cross Country Day - ANS>1000' ceiling 3 mile visibility CAMTS Weather minimums Mountainous - Cross Country Night w/ NVGs or TAWS - ANS>1000' ceiling 5 mile visibility Waddell's Triad - ANS>When a child is hit by a car there are 3 phases 1.the impact of the bumper, 2.followed by the impact of the windshield/hood 3.and finally, the impact on the ground Waddell's Triad involves: Femur fracture Head injury Intra-abdominal or intra-thoracic injury Diagnostic Signs Cushing's Triad - ANS>ICP Irregular breathing Hypertension with widening pulse pressures Bradycardia Diagnostic Signs Babinski's Sign - ANS>Spinal cord injury The big toes goes up and the toes fan out when the sole of the foot is firmly stroked Diagnostic Signs Brudzinski's Sign - ANS>Meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. Diagnostic Signs Kernig's Sign - ANS>Meningitis Severe stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees. Diagnostic Signs Grey-Turner's Sign - ANS>Pancreatitis Bruising of the flanks Diagnostic Signs Cullen's Sign - ANS>Pancreatitis Periumbilical swelling and bruising Diagnostic Signs Chvostek's Sign - ANS>Hypocalcemia Tapping on the face at a point just anterior to the ear and just below the zygomatic bone leading to twitching of the ipsilateral facial muscles Diagnostic Signs Trousseau's Sign - ANS>Hypocalcemia Inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff above systolic blood pressure for several minutes causing muscular contraction including flexion of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints, hyperextension of the fingers, and flexion of the thumb on the palm Diagnostic Signs Virchow's Sign - ANS>DVT Hypercoagulability Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) Diagnostic Signs McBurney's Sign - ANS>Appendicitis Palpation of the McBurney's point, midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac crest in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen CAMTS Visual Flight Rules (VFR) means... - ANS>You can only fly in weather conditions that you can where you are flying CAMTS Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) means... - ANS>The weather conditions do not allow for safe flight by sight alone and the pilot must be able to use their instruments. CAMTS Inadvertent Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IIMC) means... - ANS>The pilot started flying in VFR and the weather changed unexpectedly requiring the pilot to fly by instrument. CAMTS Hasty or Unsecured helicopter landing zones - ANS>Must have coms with the ground generally 100' x 100' 1 approach and departure heading 2 passes required prior to landing During hours of limited visibility have 2 vehicles cross their headlights to mark HLZ CAMTS Permanent helicopter landing zones - ANS>2 approach and departure headings Perimeter lighting Landing beacon Windsock CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land immediately - ANS>Engine failure Fire CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land ASAP - ANS>Low transmission pressure Chip light CAMTS In-flight emergencies Land as soon as practical - ANS>go to the closest convenient place to "check this thing out" CAMTS Crash Procedures Pre-crash sequence - ANS>Lay the patient flat Turn off the oxygen Assume crash position CAMTS Crash Procedures Crash position - ANS>Seat belt secured Sit straight up Chin strap tight/visor down Knees together, feet 6" apart, flat on floor, not under seat Arms crossed on chest Chin to chest Mallampati I - ANS>Soft palate, uvula, anterior/posterior tonsillar pillars visible Mallampati II - ANS>Tonsillar pillars hidden by tongue Mallampati III - ANS>Only the base of the uvula can be seen Mallampati IV - ANS>Uvula can not be seen Macintosh blade interacts with... - ANS>Lifts the vallecula Miller blade interacts with... - ANS>Lifts the epiglottis Sellick's Maneuver is... - ANS>Direct downward pressure on the thyroid cartilage BURP Maneuver is... - ANS>Backward Upward Rightward Pressure Failed airway algorithm - ANS>Patient requires a secured airway 3 attempts of direct laryngoscopy unsuccessful Ventilate the patient by BVM Unable to ventilate/oxygenate SaO2>90% Cricothyroidotomy indicated Chest X-ray for placement of ETT should place the tip at... - ANS>2-3 cm above the carina T2 T3 vertebrae The distal cuff of an ETT should be inflated to _________ to _____________ - ANS>20-30 mmHg, prevent mucosal tissue damage 7 Ps of intubation - ANS>Preparation Preoxygenate Pretreatment Paralysis with induction Protect and position Placement with proof Post intubation management LOAD (RSI Pretreatment) - ANS>LIDOCAINE (Head or lung injury. Blunts the cough reflex preventing ICP increase) OPIATES ATROPINE for infants (<1 y/o) DEFASICULATING DOSE (1/10 dose of Roc or Vec) NMB Succinylcholine - ANS>Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agent Causes fasiculations Requires refrigeration NMB Succinylcholine Dose Onset Duration - ANS>1-2 mg/kg 1-2 min onset 4-6 min duration NMB Succinylcholine Dose Onset Duration - ANS>0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV maintenance q20-30 mins 4-6 mins 30-45 mins Induction agent Etomidate (Amidate) Dose Onset Duration Notes - ANS>0.3 mg/kg 30-60 seconds 3-12 mins No analgesia Don't use in septic shock or Addison's disease Induction agent Midazolam (Versed) Does Onset Duration Notes - ANS>2.5-5 mg IV 60-90 seconds 15-30 mins Flumazinel for reversal Induction agent Propofol (Diprovan) Dose Onset Duration Notes - ANS>1.5 mg/kg 15-45 seconds 5-10 mins Use lowest possible dose⇩ cerebral perfusion pressure and mean arterial pressure Do not use in pts with head injuries or shock Analgesic Ketamine (Ketalar) Dose Onset Duration Notes - ANS>1 mg/kg IV 1.5 mg/kg IM 45-60 seconds 11-17 mins Increases secretions Bronchodilator Hallucinations Can be given IO Good for use in "shocky" and trauma patients. Analgesic Morphine Dose Onset Duration Total Lung Capacity - ANS>IRV + Vt + ERV + RV = TLC Respiratory dead space - ANS>The surfaces of the airway that are not involved in gas exchange Central chemoreceptors are located in the________ and are driven by ________ - ANS>Medulla/Pons, CO2 and H+ levels Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the _______ and are driven by ________ - ANS>Aortic arch/carotid bodies, O2, CO2, H+ Hypercarbic respiratory failure is... Evidenced by... Treated by... - ANS>Inability to remove CO2 Respiratory acidosis⇧ Vt, then rate Hypoxic respiratory failure is... Evidenced by... Treated by... - ANS>Inability to diffuse O2 Low PaO2⇧ Vt and O2 concentration, then rate Apneustic respirations are... - ANS>An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release. Decerebrate posturing Ataxic respirations are... - ANS>An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea Caused by damage to the medulla secondary to trauma Biots respiration are... - ANS>An abnormal patter of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea Opioids, TBI, stroke Cheyne-Stokes respirations... - ANS>Are a progressively deeper sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary apnea. Respirations will "crescendo" rapidly then decrease away. Decorticate posturing, Cushing △, herniation Kussmaul's respirations... - ANS>Gradually become deep, labored, and gasping Associated with DKA Gold standard for oxygenation - ANS>SpO2 Gold standard for ventilation - ANS>ETCO2 Ventilator acquired pneumonia is... - ANS>The number one cause of iatrogenic death in the U.S. Curare cleft are... - ANS>Tick marks seen on capnography, the patient is choking, check ETT Pt needs to be resedated and reparalyzed Ventilator settings Vt (tidal volume) - ANS>7-8 cc/kg Pressure support ventilation (PSV) - ANS>With support from the ventilator, the patient regulates their own respiratory rate and tidal volume. Supports the patient to overcome the ventilator circuit space. Ventilator modes Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) - ANS>Uses mild air pressure to keep airway open Ventilator modes Bilevel continuous positive airway pressure - ANS>Used in pneumonia, COPD, and asthma Pressure alarms Low pressure - ANS>Disconnected from machine Chest tube leaks Circuit leaks Airway leaks Hypovolemia Pressure alarms High pressure - ANS>Kinked line Coughing Secretions in airway Biting tube Reduced lung compliance (pneumo, ARDS)⇧ airway resistance Pressure alarms "DOPE" - ANS>Dislodged tube (low) Obstruction (high) Pneumothorax (high) Equipment (machine failure) Preoxygenation requirement - ANS>Give 10L/min nia NRB for 15 mins prior to takeoff Personal protective measures Meningitis - ANS>Gloves Mask Gown Personal protective measures TB - ANS>Gloves Mask Gown Respirator Eye shield Asthma "The problem is..." - ANS>"Breathing out" RCA (right coronary artery) - ANS>Coronary artery corresponding to the Inferior heart (II, III, AVf) LCX (left circumflex artery) - ANS>Coronary artery corresponding to the Lateral heart (I, AVl, V5, V6) LAD (left anterior descending) - ANS>Coronary artery corresponding to the Septal heart (V1, V2) LCX (left circumflex artery) or RCA (right coronary artery) - ANS>Coronary artery corresponding to the Posterior heart (V1-V4 with ST depression, progression of tall R waves, or inverted QRS complex) aVR, aVL, aVF - ANS>Augmented voltage leads, unipolar, part of the 6 limb leads. R= R Arm, L= L Arm, F= Foot CBC Panel Value RBCs - ANS>4.5-5.5 million CBC Panel Value Hemoglobin (Hgb) - ANS>15 g/dl CBC Panel Value Hematocrit (Hct) - ANS>45% CBC Panel Value WBCs - ANS>4,500-10,000 g/dl CBC Panel Value Platelets (Plt) - ANS>150-450 K/mcl Value and role Total Protein (TP) - ANS>6-8 g/dL Consists mostly of albumin and immunoglobulins. Value and role Albumin - ANS>3.5-5 g/dL Main source of oncotic pressure. Role of amylase - ANS>Break down starch (carbohydrates) into simple sugars. (amyl- = starch, -ase = enzyme) Role of lactate - ANS>Lactate concentration in a blood measurement will indicate anaerobic metabolism. Elevated levels are most commonly caused by decreased blood flow to cells either systemically or locally. Role of lipase - ANS>Breaks down fats. Deep Compression Sickness transport preferences - ANS>1. Ground transport 2. FW with cabin pressurization 3. RW at <1,000 ft. arterial gas embolism (AGE) transport preferences - ANS>1. Ground transport 2. FW with cabin pressurization 3. RW at <1,000 ft. Signs of loss of cabin pressurization - ANS>Cooler temperature and windows fogging People most affected by high G forces... - ANS>BP drop. Especially people on BP meds or who are dehydrated. The 3 respiratory failure ABG indications. - ANS>pH <7.2, CO2 >55, PaO2 <60 (= <90% SpO2) *Only one value needs to be off to indicate the need to intubate Gold standard of ETT placement confirmation. - ANS>Chest x-ray. Second most reliable confirmation technique is visualizing the tube going through the vocal cords. Sedatives Analgesics - ANS>Sedatives: Etomidate, Propofol, Versed Analgesics: Ketamine, Morphine, Fentanyl Hemodynamic monitoring Central Venous Pressure (CVP)/ Right Atrial (RA) pressures - ANS>2-6 mmHg Hemodynamic monitoring Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP) monitors... - ANS>Right heart afterload and Left heart preload. Hemodynamic monitoring Inadvertent Wedge vs. Catheter Whip - ANS>Inadvertent wedge (PAWP waveform) you would deflate the balloon. Catheter whip (RV waveform) you would inflate the cuff. FOR EACH, perform the above, have the patient cough forcefully, turn them on their side, then attempt to reposition catheter to see desired waveform. In catheter whip, if no changes occur with attempts, then withdraw catheter. Hemodynamic monitoring Over- vs. Under- damping - ANS>Overdamping is a slow or low amplitude response to a fast flush test. Often times the waveform will return back to baseline slowly or present with low/ flattened amplitude characteristics. The transducer is having issues "picking up" the proper waveform resiliance. Examples: kinking of the catheter, catheter against the wall, increased pressure in the bag. Underdamping shows more than two oscillations before returning to baseline. The waveform is exaggerated and often times inaccurate with higher pressure readings. Think of too much background noise or interruption in the reading. Examples: air in the system, loose connections, altitude changes. Hemodynamic monitoring Dicrotic notch in PA waveform vs. Arterial Pressure waveform - ANS>Dicrotic notch in Pulmonary Artery (on the right side) waveform = pulmonic valve closing. Dicrotic notch in Arterial pressure line waveform = aortic valve closing. Post PTCA transport care - ANS>Lay patient on their back. Keep the leg straight during transport and hold direct pressure for 30 minutes after cardiac catheter removal. (Prevents rebleeding of the femoral artery) BNP is... - ANS>Released by the ventricles in response to stretching. Increased levels indicate heart failure (>300 is mild, >900 is severe). Normal range 0-99 pg/mL Aortic Dissection S/S Tx - ANS>S/S: "tearing" or "ripping" sensation either between the shoulder blades, chest, or abdomen. Difference of 20 mmHg SBP in the arms is common. Tx: FIRST beta blockers THEN vasodilators (i.e. Nipride) isovolumetric contraction - ANS>follows diastole, shortly before systole when all the valves are closed. The volume is increasing without change to pressure. Asterixis - ANS>Hepatic encephalopathy. aka "Liver Flap", a flapping tremor of the hands. When the client extends the arms & hands in front of the body, the hands rapidly flex & extend. Bundle branch block identified in lead... - ANS>V1 (use "turn signal" method) or V6 (deflection with be opposite of V1). LBBB = bunny ears No MONA in RMI because... (just read it and understand...) - ANS>A reduction in venous return will result in diminished pumping pressure by the right ventricle, diminished pulmonary circulation, diminished left ventricular filling, diminished cardiac output, diminished systemic blood pressure and, if not corrected, possible dysrhythmias, shock and death. 1/2 in 1st 8 hrs = 7,200ml (7,200ml/ 8hr = 900ml/ hr) 1/4 in 2nd 8 hrs = 3,600ml 1/4 in 3rd 8 hrs = 3,600ml Mayday radio channel - ANS>121.5 mHz newer radio channel is 406 Cardiac output range - ANS>4-8 L/min *it just so happens that cardiac index is exactly half of this range; 2-4 L/min. preload vs afterload - ANS>Preload indicates volume/ fluid status. Afterload indicates pressure or systemic vascular resistance. Prinzmetal's Angina (variant angina) - ANS>Can occur at rest, while sleeping, or after exercise. Aortic Rupture s/s - ANS>Tearing sensation from midscapular region, chest region, or abdominal region. Upper extremities hypertensive, lower extremities with weaker BP comparable to upper extremities. Systolic mumur. oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve Represents? Left vs. right? - ANS>Relationship between available oxygen and amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin. Right shift = RELEASES O2; difficulty picking up O2. = Acidosis Left shift = LATCHES to the O2; difficulty letting go of O2 = ALkalosis (emphasis on the L, left, latches, aLLLLkalosis) Le Fort I - ANS> Le Fort II - ANS> Le Fort III - ANS>"Craniofacial dysassociation/ dysjunction" Bicarb calculation - ANS>0.1 x (BE) x kg = mEq's of Bicarb to deliver 4 D's of high altitude injury tx - ANS>Descend Decadron Diamox D-cyclinder (O2) Xanthopsia - ANS>visual disturbance in which objects appear yellow or possibly even green (associated with digitalis toxicity) Hypothermia <30 C - ANS>Medication and defibrillation will likely be unsuccessful unless the core body temperature is rewarmed to >30 C (86 F). Until then tx focus should be rapid transport, CPR, and rewarming. Active internal rewarming - ANS>Active interal rewarming delivers heat to the body core, therby avoiding the dangers of afterdrop. Active interal rewarming includes: heated O2, IV fluids, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, gastric, and cardiopulmonary bypass. Name muscle enzymes - ANS>Creatinine Kinase (CK), Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK), myoglobin. Other enzymes include SGOT, SGPT, and LDK. Lab values significant to dehydration - ANS>Elevated hematocrit, BUN, serum protein, and concentrated urine levels. Electrical injury urine output - ANS>50-100 ml/ hr Electrical injury with hemochromagen prescense urine output - ANS>>100 ml/ hr 2kg x 1 = 2 Total is 62 ml/hr epiglotitis tx - ANS>Antibiotics, humified O2 (No racemic epinephrine) Minimize disturbing the child in order to refrain from irritating the airway. Look for: "Thumb print sign" "-pril" medications - ANS>ACE inhibitors i.e. losinipril "-ide" medications - ANS>diuretics, decrease BP *decrease myocardial work via decreased preload/afterload via decreased fluid volume i.e. nipride "-artan" medications - ANS>ARBs - Angiotensin II receptor blockers Decreases BP i.e. Losartan "-pine" medications - ANS>CCB - Calcium Channel Blockers Lower BP i.e. nicardipine Mean Sea Level pressure - ANS>760 torr (mmHg); which also equals 1 ATA Brown-Sequard Syndrome - ANS>Damage to half of spinal cord Loss of pain and temperature sensation on contralateral side of body Loss of proprioception and discriminatory touch on ipsilateral side of body. For each 0.10 in pH, potassium will inversely change... - ANS>0.6 the opposite direction. FiO2 calculation - ANS>(Current torr x current FiO2) / ending torr SA node perfused by the... AV node perfused by the... - ANS>SA - RCA AV - LAD ETT pediatric size formula - ANS>(16 + Age in years) / 4 = ETT size OBGYN Effacement and normal measurement - ANS>Effacement refers to the thickness of the cervix. Normal is 2 cm. OBGYN Normal variability is... - ANS>10-15 bpm OBGYN #1 cause of poor variability - ANS>fetal hypoxia OBGYN Late decelerations - ANS>The worst fetal heart rythym. Caused by utereoplacental insufficiency which then causes fetal hypoxic bradycardia. OBGYN Administration of ________ for fetal lung maturity. - ANS>Steroids (i.e. Celestone, Dexamethasone)