Flight Paramedic Certification Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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and Answers (Latest Update)

norm ph range - Correct Answer ✅7.35 - 7. co2 norm range in ABG - Correct Answer ✅35- HCO3 norm range in ABG - Correct Answer ✅22- Pa02 of 60 = _____ Sa02 - Correct Answer ✅90% name 2 catalysts for respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer ✅Heat injury, ASA overdose what number indicates ion gap acidosis - Correct Answer ✅greater than or = 16 List "MUDPILES" / causes of ion gap acidosis - Correct Answer ✅Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Propylene Glycol, Isoniazid (INH)/ Iron, Lactate, Ethelyne Glycol, Salicylates what is methanol? - Correct Answer ✅Alcohol poisoning what is uremia? - Correct Answer ✅Kidney failure What is DKA? - Correct Answer ✅Diabetic Ketoacidosis

and Answers (Latest Update)

What is propylene glycol? - Correct Answer ✅Liquid agent in Diazapam and Lorazapam Isoniazid (INH) / Iron - Correct Answer ✅Tuperculosis medication / Iron Supplements Lactate - Correct Answer ✅from anaerobic metabolism Ethelyne Glycol - Correct Answer ✅Antifreeze Salicylate - Correct Answer ✅ASA List PAILS and corresponding arteries with leads - Correct Answer ✅posterior - LCX - v1-v anterior - LAD - v3,v inferior - RCA - II, III, AVF lateral - LCX - I, V5, V6, AVL septal - LAD - v1, v Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Formula - Correct Answer ✅SBP + (2 x DBP)

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and Answers (Latest Update)

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) Formula - Correct Answer ✅MAP - ICP Normal Range for ICP - Correct Answer ✅0 - 10 mmHg ICP Transducer is placed at _________ - Correct Answer ✅foramen of Monro (level of ear) 2 chemical elements that drastically affect brain - Correct Answer ✅glucose, sodium 3 terms synonymous with brain herniation - Correct Answer ✅uncal, tentorial, brainstem Seeing __________ breathing pattern...suspect increased ICP / herniation - Correct Answer ✅Cheyne - Stokes Tx of herniation - Correct Answer ✅-paralyze -intubate -hyperventilate -mannitol -hypertonic solution -Barbituate coma

and Answers (Latest Update)

Never use _____ solutions with herniation - Correct Answer ✅hypotonic herniation onset seizures can be treated with these 2 - Correct Answer ✅a benzo, or phosphenytoin skull fracture along sutures - Correct Answer ✅diastatic skull fx that extend towards base of skull - Correct Answer ✅linear mulitiple fx that radiate form compressed area like a spider web - Correct Answer ✅linear stellate fx that result in battle signs, racoon eyes, otorrhea, clear rhinorrhea (leaking CSF) - Correct Answer ✅basilar name 3 layers of skull, outside to in - Correct Answer ✅skull, dura mater, arachnoid cephalic hemotoma between skull and dura mater - Correct Answer ✅subdural

and Answers (Latest Update)

cephalic hematoma between dura mater and arachnoid - Correct Answer ✅epidural cephalic hematoma between brain and arachnoid - Correct Answer ✅sub arachnoid slow skull bleed that is very lethal - Correct Answer ✅subdural hematoma MMA artery head bleed that has gives pt lucid interval - Correct Answer ✅epidural hematoma head bleed that shows starfish pattern on CT and gives 'worst headache of you life'. - Correct Answer ✅subarachnoid hematoma T or F ; with subarachnoid bleeders, avoid lumbar puntures and keep sys BP under 140 - Correct Answer ✅True drug treatment for Subarachnoid bleed - Correct Answer ✅nimodipine why is there pupil dilation in Epidural bleeds? - Correct Answer ✅loss of parasympathetic tone after occulomotor nerve injury

and Answers (Latest Update)

great drug for intracranial hemorrage that results in high BP - Correct Answer ✅nipride 3 types of concussions - Correct Answer ✅mild - knocked out no memory loss classic - memory loss diffuse axonal injury - Coma A seizure lasting over 30 minutes - Correct Answer ✅status epilecticus drugs for status epilecticus - Correct Answer ✅lorazapam (ativan) spinal cord injury on one side that includes motor loss on injury side and sensation and temp loss on the opposite side - Correct Answer ✅brown sequard lesion spinal shock causes loss of _________ - Correct Answer ✅tone trauma can cause swelling of spinal cord resulting in - Correct Answer ✅spinal shock

and Answers (Latest Update)

2 treatments of spinal shock - Correct Answer ✅crysalloid fluid if hypotensive shitload of steriods cord injury when motor weakness is worse in upper extremities than lower extremities - Correct Answer ✅central cord injury spinal cord issue resulting in loss of pain/temp everywhere, and sparing of propioreception/vibration - Correct Answer ✅anterior cord syndrome another name for neurogenic shock - Correct Answer ✅distributive shock 3 symptoms of Neurogenic shock - Correct Answer ✅- decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -hypotension -warm red skin Normal range for serum osmolality - Correct Answer ✅285 - 295 T or F higher osmolality # , thicker the serum - Correct Answer ✅True

and Answers (Latest Update)

Basic Metabolic Panel Ranges / Chem 7 - Correct Answer ✅Na - 135 145 K - 3.5 - 5 Co2 22- urine output formulas for infant, child, and adult - Correct Answer ✅infant - 2cc/kg/hr child - 1cc/kg/hr adult - 0.5cc/kg/hr ET Tube size formula for peds - Correct Answer ✅(16+Age)/ ETT insertion depth formula - Correct Answer ✅3 x ETT size formulas for peds maintenance fluids - Correct Answer ✅1 - 10 kg ; 4cc/kg/hr 10 - 20 kg ; 2cc/kg/hr

20 kg ; 1cc/kg/hr Fluid resusitation formula for infants / neonates (<1 y/o - Correct Answer ✅10cc/kg

and Answers (Latest Update)

Fluid resusitation formula for toddler/children (>1 y/o - Correct Answer ✅20cc/kg Age ranges breakdown for classification - Correct Answer ✅neonate> birth to 30 days infant - 30 days to 1 yr toddler - 1 yo to 2 y/ child - > 2 yrs old Intubate immediately with these 3 ABG values - Correct Answer ✅Ph <7. Co2> PO2< Name 2 classes of chemoreceptors and their main drive response - Correct Answer ✅Central - medulla/pons - CO Peripheral - aortic/carotid - 02 (very quick reactor) what is Fick Formula? - Correct Answer ✅(V/Q-Ventilation/Perfusion) It calculates how much o2 a person uses - measures cardiac output, assuming o2 uptake by lungs equals o2 delivery What is the shorthand for Tidal Volume? - Correct Answer ✅Vt

and Answers (Latest Update)

What is estimate for good volume on ventilator? - Correct Answer ✅6-10cc/kg What is Fi02? - Correct Answer ✅Fraction of inspired oxygen (.21-1.0 or 21% - 100%) What is pplat? - Correct Answer ✅Plateau pressure (should be less than 30) ____ is the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction - Correct Answer ✅afterload t or f: right heart afterload is affected by the pulmonary arteries - Correct Answer ✅True t or f: left heart afterload is affected by systemic vascular resistance - Correct Answer ✅true normal range for SVR - Correct Answer ✅800- t or f: S3 "Kentucky" is caused by excess filling of ventricals - Correct Answer ✅True

and Answers (Latest Update)

____ is a very common reason for the S3 heart sound - Correct Answer ✅CHF _____ and ____ are very common causes of s4 "Tennessee" heart sound - Correct Answer ✅Hypertrophic cardiomyhopathy / HTN 'stemi' stands for _____ - Correct Answer ✅ST segment elevation infarction t or f: with st elevation, you are watching tissue death live - Correct Answer ✅true STEMI confirmation requires st elevation greater than ___ mm in 2 contiguous leads - Correct Answer ✅ 2 New onset LBBB is indicated by ____ deflection on V1 - Correct Answer ✅downward STEMIs show (+ or - ?) cardiac markers /enzymes - Correct Answer ✅+ Partial artery occlusino causes ____ on EKG reading (Ischema/Angina) - Correct Answer ✅ST depression

and Answers (Latest Update)

Full artery occlusion causes ____ on EKG reading (Stemi) - Correct Answer ✅ST elevation ST depression in non STEMI is caused by lack of 02 to cardiac tissue occuring now, or due to _____ - Correct Answer ✅an old infarct non STEMIs produce (+) cardiac enzymes - Correct Answer ✅true Antidote for beta blocker o.d is ____ - Correct Answer ✅glucagon if angina is not relieved by rest, nitro, or is different than 'normal' chest pain, it is ____ angina - Correct Answer ✅unstable The cardiac enzyme most sensitive and specific for MI is ____

• Correct Answer ✅troponin I Never give ___ nor ____ to a pt suffering from inferior MI - Correct Answer ✅nitro / beta blockers With ____ MIs, you will see reciprocal changes/St depressions in v1 - v4 - Correct Answer ✅posterior

and Answers (Latest Update)

A papillary muscle/'heart strings' dysfunction leads to _____ shock - Correct Answer ✅cardiogenic What are 4 leads likely to be affected with lateral MI? - Correct Answer ✅V1, V5, V6, AVL What condition is one of the most common causes of tachy disorders in infants and children? - Correct Answer ✅Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome delta waves are seen with ____ syndrome - Correct Answer ✅wolf parkinson white BBBs on EKG readings are seen on all leads - Correct Answer ✅False; they're only seen on V BBBs can have a narrow QRS - Correct Answer ✅False; they're greater than. Unstable Angina can be qualified with pn lasting for more than 10 min. T or f? - Correct Answer ✅True

and Answers (Latest Update)

list 3 attributes of variant (prinzmetals) angina - Correct Answer ✅- chest pn at rest, has circadian rhythm, relieved with nitro -often seen with women, at night -treated with CCBs Kyle's favorite B blocker for purposes of exam is ___ - Correct Answer ✅Labetelol most drugs that end in 'olol' are ____ - Correct Answer ✅beta blockers Suspect ___ when you see digoxin on pts hx - Correct Answer ✅CHF history Name 5 drugs that increase SVR - Correct Answer ✅dopamine, neosynephrine, epi, levophed (norepi) - if totally bottomed out name 7 drugs that reduce SVR - Correct Answer ✅nitroprusside, high dose NTG, CCBs, ACEi, a blockers, dobutrex, natrecor (atrial natriuretic peptide) nitroprusside (nipride) reduces preload and afterload due to ____ - Correct Answer ✅dilation

and Answers (Latest Update)

nitroprusside (nipride) overdose can cause _____ - Correct Answer ✅cyanide toxicity name 2 common things that increase preload - Correct Answer ✅fluids, vasoconstrictors name 3 common things that can decrease preload - Correct Answer ✅morphine, lasix, nitro a good alternative to nitroprusside (it doesn't cause cyanide toxicity is _____ - Correct Answer ✅nicardipine properly performed CPR is __% of normal cardiac output - Correct Answer ✅ 20 Tricyclic anti-depressant (TCA) overdose causes a ____ on ekg

• Correct Answer ✅prolonged QT interval We see dysrhytmias in hypothermia because of the increases in ____ and ____ levels - Correct Answer ✅lactate / K+ What is does PTCA stand for? - Correct Answer ✅Percutaneous Transluminal coronary angioplasty (it's a 'cardiac cath')

and Answers (Latest Update)

2 courses of treatment for the PTCA pt during transport - Correct Answer ✅-keep leg straight for 30 minutes after cath removal -administer g2b3a inhibitors Endocarditis is a sudden onset infection of the heart tissue that often results in _______ - Correct Answer ✅new murmur #1 cause of endocarditus - Correct Answer ✅IV drug abuse Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red, painful fingertips called __________ - Correct Answer ✅osler nodes Those who suffer from Endocarditis can have red lesions on palm and soles called __________ - Correct Answer ✅janeway lesions Tx of endocarditis involves ____ and ____ - Correct Answer ✅IV antibiotics / heart valve replacement (if damage is strong enough) A pt presenting w progressive dypnea and coughs up frothy sputum probably has _____ - Correct Answer ✅CHF

and Answers (Latest Update)

A CHF pt will show these 3 signs on chest xray - Correct Answer ✅Butterfly pattern / Kerley B lines / Heart 50% of chest area Treatment for CHF pt should usually involve these 3 drug interventions - Correct Answer ✅-Lasix (prob most important for test) -ACEi (angiotensisn converting enzyme inhibitor)

• beta blockers (such as carvidolol) What is BNP and how does it relate to CHF? - Correct Answer ✅B-type Natriuretic Peptide - it's a substance that increases from heart to compensate for a heart failure. Higher BNP, higher the failure. When BNP blood test shows greater than ___, it is CHF - Correct Answer ✅ 400 What is likely cause of substernal chest pn when breathing of laying supine? - Correct Answer ✅Pericarditis 2 types of pericarditis and what are they? - Correct Answer ✅- uremic: usually just went though dialysis because of renal failure
• dressler's syndrome: pericarditis occurring after MI/post- heart surgery. can last 3-4 weeks

and Answers (Latest Update)

What are we likelly to see on EKG with pericarditis? - Correct Answer ✅global st elevation with rounded t-waves (diffuse st segment elevation) drug treatment for pericarditis - Correct Answer ✅NSAIDs (usually indocin) 'Ripping or tearing' sensation btwn shoulder blades is usually _____. the sensation can also present in chest or abdomen. - Correct Answer ✅aortic dissection Pn in aortic dissection should be treated with ___ or ___ - Correct Answer ✅morphine or fentanyl slow Aortic dissection bleed with these 2 drugs, in this order:

• Correct Answer ✅b blocker (labetolol), THEN nitroprusside Peripheral vascular thrombosis involves what condition? - Correct Answer ✅Deep vein thrombosis (dvt) What are the 3 elements of virchow's triad? These are seen with dvt... - Correct Answer ✅-loss of vein integrity / stasis (long seated ride, or hospital bed) / hypercoagualable state (cancer or pregnancy)

and Answers (Latest Update)

3 symptons of dvt: - Correct Answer ✅aching pn / warm / redness / swelling what are the 6 p's related to arterial occlusion? - Correct Answer ✅pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, pain, pallor, poikilothermia (cold blooded) Symptoms of a hypertensive crisis/emergency - Correct Answer ✅headache / nausea/vomiting/ visual changes