FMF Core Exam Prep: Comprehensive Guide to Marine Corps Operations and Tactics, Exams of Military Strategy and Training

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5 Steps of ORM - ✔✔Identify Hazards Assess Hazards Make Risk Decisions Implement Controls Supervise 4 Principles of ORM - ✔✔Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. Accept no unnecessary risk. Anticipate and manage risk by planning. Make risk decisions at the right level. PPE - ✔✔Head protection Hearing protection Foot protection Eye protection Hazardous Material - ✔✔Any material that because of quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, may pose a substantial hazard to human health or the environment Hazardous Waste - ✔✔A discarded material which meets the definition of hazardous material and/or is designated as a hazardous waste by the EPA or a State authority. MSDS - ✔✔A technical bulletin containing information about materials. Hazard - ✔✔A condition with the potential to cause personal injury or death, property damage or mission degradation.

Risk - ✔✔An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability. Risk Assessment - ✔✔The process of detecting hazards and assessing associated risks. 1775 - ✔✔The Marine Corps was created 10Nov1775 in Philadelphia, PA at Tun Tavern by a resolution of the Continental Congress, which raised 2 battalions of Marines. Captain Samuel Nicholas because the commander of the 2 battalions and is considered the first Commandant of the Marine Corps. In 1834, the Marines came under the department of the Navy. 1776 - ✔✔First Marine landing took place during the Revolutionary War. New Providence Island in the Bahamas. Seized guns and supplies. Leatherneck. 1805 - ✔✔Marines stormed the Barbary pirates' stronghold at Burma on the "Shores of Tripoli." Marines raised the "Stars and Stripes" for the first time in the Eastern Hemisphere. 1847 - ✔✔Mexican War. Marines occupied the "Halls of Montezuma" during the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico City. Marines also helped take California. 1859 - ✔✔Under the command of Colonel Robert E.Lee, U.S. Army, Marines stormed the United States arsenal at Harper's Ferry to put down an attempted slave revolt lead by abolitionist John Brown. 1868 - ✔✔(EGA is great) The eagle, globe, and anchor was adopted. Brigadier Jacob Zeilin, 7th Commandant, modified the British (Royal) Marine emblem to depict the Marines as both American and maritime. 1883 - ✔✔"Semper Fidelis" was adopted. 1900 - ✔✔Marines defended the American Legation in Peking, China during the Boxer Rebellion. 1913 - ✔✔The Marine Corps established its aviation unit. Marine Major Alfred A. Cunningham was the first pilot.

1917 - ✔✔Marines landed in France. They participated in 8 distinct operations which distinguished themselves and were awarded a number of decorations. One being the French Fourragere which is still worn by members of the 5th and 6th Marines. 1933 - ✔✔The Marine Corps was reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force. 1965 - ✔✔Marines landed in South Vietnam, which committed the Marine Corps to the longest war in its history. They also landed in the Dominican Republic to evacuate and protect U.S. citizens. 1982 - ✔✔Marines deployed to Lebanon. On 23 October 1983, a suicide truck bomb attack on the headquarters building killed 241 Americans and wounded 70 others. The last Marine withdrew in July of

1991 - ✔✔Operation Dessert Storm was launched after the Iraqi government refused to comply with United Nations resolutions. Marine ground forces eventually swept into Kuwait and liberated the country, causing severe damage to the Iraqi military capability. 2001 - ✔✔Soon after the 9/11 attacks Marine units deployed to the Arabian Sea and in November 2001 set up a forward operating command in southern Afghanistan as part if Operation Enduring Freedom, which marked the beginning of the War of Terror. On 25 November, the 15th MEU arrived in Afghanistan. The MEU set up "Camp Rhino" at the airport south of Kandahar. The mission "Swift Freedom" sealed off the city of Kandahar. Within months the Al-Qaeda and Taliban were over-thrown and 25 million Afghans were able to experience the first freedom in over 20 years. 2003 - ✔✔On 19 March 2003, the President launched Operation Iraqi Freedom that in a matter of 3 weeks demolished the government of Saddam Hussein and his Baath political party. The Battle of Nasiriyah - ✔✔ 23 - 29 March 2003. 2D Marine Expeditionary Brigade (Task Force Tarawa). The first major battle of the Iraq War. Marines were tasked with capturing 2 out of 3 bridges over the Euphrates in the city on the advance to Baghdad. 2004(a) - ✔✔On 31 March 2004, Iraqi insurgents in Fallujah ambushed American contractors. Photographs of the event were released causing outrage in the US and prompting the announcement of

a campaign to reestablish American control over the city. In April 2004, Coalition Forces fought the first battle of Fallujah, "Operation Vigilant Resolve." When Coalition Forces fought into the center of the city the Iraqi government requested that control of the city be turned over to an Iraqi-run local security force, which then began stockpiling weapons and building complex defenses across the city in mid-2004. 2004(b) - ✔✔On 7 November 2004, "Operation Phantom Fury" ("Operation Al Fajr" in Arabic) was launched to recapture the city of Fallujah which resulted in the reputed death of over 1,350 insurgent fighters. Approximately 95 American troops were killed and 560 wounded. On 13 November, after 6 days of intense battles Fallujah was fully occupied by U.S. forces. "Operation Phantom Fury" was the bloodiest battle of the war in Iraq. The Battle of Belleu Wood - ✔✔Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleau Wood, France during World War I. Marines helped to crush a German offensive that threatened Paris. The French renamed the area "The Wood of the Brigade of Marines." German intelligence evaluated the Marines as "storm troops." German troops called their new enemy "Teufelhunden" or "Devil dogs." The Battle of Guadalcanal - ✔✔On 7 August 1942, the 1st Marine Division landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and launched the first United States land offensive of World War II. This battle marked the first combat test of the new amphibious doctrine and also provided a crucial turning point of the war in the Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands. The Battle of Tarawa - ✔✔The Gilbert Islands were the first in the line of advance for the offensive in the Central Pacific. The prime objective was the Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island which had been fortified to the point that the Japanese commander proclaimed that it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it. On 20 November 1943 Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours. The Battle of the Mariana Islands - ✔✔Due to the need for airfields by the Air Force and advanced bases for the Navy, the Marianas were invaded. Landings on the islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian accomplished this. During June and July 1943, Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith led a combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers that totaled over 136,000. This was the greatest number of troops up to that time to operate in the field under Marine command. The Battle of Iwo Jima - ✔✔On 19 February 1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima in what was the largest all-Marine battle in history. It was also the bloodiest in Marine Corps history. The Marine Corps suffered over 23,300 casualties. The capture of Iwo Jima greatly increased the air support and bombing

operations against the Japanese home islands. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said, "Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue." The Battle of the Chosin Reservoir - ✔✔After pushing far into North Korea during November 1950, Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist Forces entered the war. Despite facing a 10-division force sent to annihilate them, Marines smashed 7 enemy divisions in their march from the Chosin Reservoir. The major significance of this retrograde movement was that Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity. The Battle of Hue City - ✔✔During the Vietnamese holiday of Tet in January 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by infiltrating large numbers of their troops into the major population centers of Hue City, South Vietnam. A near division size unit of NVA troops occupied the city of Hue and Citadel. Fighting was house-to-house with progress measured in yards. The city was secured on 25 February 1968. Archibald Henderson - ✔✔Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became Commandant in 1820 and held his command for 39 years until his death in 1859. Often called the "Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps." John Quick - ✔✔Sergeant Major Quick is remembered for his performance at Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) where he participated in an operation the seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines. He won the Medal of Honor for semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire. Dan Daly - ✔✔Sergeant Major Daly is recognized for earning two Medals of Honor: the first, during the Chinese Boxer Rebellion and the second during the First Caco War in Haiti. During the Battle of Belleau Wood, then Gunnery Sergeant Daly yelled to his men, "Come on, you sons of a b-----, do you want to live forever?" Louis B. "Chesty" Puller - ✔✔Lieutenant General Puller served in Nicaragua through several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity. Puller and a force of about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups and bandits while scouring the jungles in a wide area of Nicaragua to the Honduran border. Puller became known as the "Tiger of the Mountains" (1930). The Marine Corps' mascot, an English bulldog names "Chesty" is named after him.

Gregory R. "Pappy" Boyington - ✔✔Major Boyington is recognized for Marine prowess in aerial dogfights. "Pappy" commanded VMH-214, the "Black Sheep," during World War II. By the end of the War, the Major was recognized as the Marine Corps' top ranking flying ace with 28 victories ("kills") (1945). Ira H. Hayes - ✔✔Corporal Ira Hayes was one of the Marines immortalized in the now famous photograph taken of the second flag raising incident on Mount Suribachi shortly after the Japanese stronghold was taken on 23 February 1945. Opha Mae Johnson - ✔✔Private Johnson became the Marine Corps' first enlisted woman on 13 August

1918. Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps' first enlisted women were known. They were better known as "Skirt Marines" and "Marinettes." Margaret A. Brewer - ✔✔Brigadier General Brewer, then a Colonel, served as the Director of Women Marines (WM) during 1 973 - 1977. She was the seventh and last director of WM, the only post-World War woman to hold the position. She became the Marine Corps' first woman general officer on 11 May

Robert E. Bush - ✔✔Earned the Medal of Honor while serving with 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Okinawa (WWII). John "Jack" H. Bradley - ✔✔Most famous for his role as one of the six men to participate in the iconic flag-raising over Iwo Jima. He earned the Navy Cross during the Battle of Iwo Jima. Robert R. Ingram - ✔✔Earned the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Vietnam War. 7 Elements of the Marine Corps Mission - ✔✔PROVIDE Fleet Marine Forces with combined arms and supporting air components for service with the United States Fleet. PROVIDE detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy and security detachments for the protection of naval property at naval stations and bases. DEVELOP in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the doctrine, tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by landing forces in amphibious operations. PROVIDE Marine forces for airborne operations, in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, according to the doctrine established by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

DEVELOP in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the doctrine, procedures, and equipment for airborne operations. EXPAND peacetime components to meet wartime needs according to the joint mobilization plans. PERFORM such other duties as the President may direct. Service Chain - ✔✔Begins with the President, through the Secretary of Defense and continues through the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Operational Chain - ✔✔Runs from the President, through the Secretary of Defense, directly to commanders of combatant commands for missions and forces assigned to their commands. Marine Corps Forces (MARFOR) - ✔✔MARFORs are organized as MAGTFs and are either employed as part of naval expeditionary forces or separately as part of larger joint or combined forces. Marine Corps Security Forces (MCSF) - ✔✔MCSFs include approximately 3,400 Marines who protect key naval installations and facilities worldwide. Marine Security Guard (MSG) - ✔✔MSG detachments at embassies and consulates around the globe are provided by the Marine security guard battalion to the Department of State for embassy security. These Marines are currently assigned to 121 diplomatic posts in 115 countries throughout the world. Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps - ✔✔Consists of the Commandant of the Marine Corps and those staff agencies that advise and assist the Commandant in discharging those responsibilities prescribed by law and higher authority. I RETARD - ✔✔The Commandant of the Marine Corps is directly responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the internal organization, requirements, efficiency, training, administration, readiness, and the discipline of the Marine Corps; the operation of the Marine Corps material support system; and the total performance of the Marine Corps. MAGTF - ✔✔The Marine Corps' principle organization for the conduct all missions across the range of military operations. They are flexible, task-organized forces that can respond rapidly to contingency anywhere in the world and are able to conduct a variety of missions.

MEF Headquarters Group (MHG) - ✔✔The MHG provides command and support functions for the MEF Headquarters Group and provides administrative and logistical support functions for the MEF command element and supported units to enhance the war fighting capabilities of the MEF. Marine Aircraft Wing, Air Combat Element (ACE) - ✔✔The ACE is task-organized to support the MAGTF mission by performing some or all of the six functions of Marine Corps aviation. The ACE is normally built around an aviation organization that is augmented with appropriate air command and control, combat, combat support, and combat service support (CSS) units. The ACE can operate effectively from ships, expeditionary airfields, or austere forward operating sites and can readily and routinely transition between sea bases and expeditionary airfields without loss of capability. Marine Division, Ground Combat Element (GCE) - ✔✔The GCE is task organized to conduct ground operations in support of the MAGTF mission. It is normally formed around an infantry organization reinforced with requisite artillery, reconnaissance, armor, and engineer forces and can vary in size and composition from a rifle platoon to one or more Marine Divisions (MARDIVs). Marine Logistics Group (MLG), Logistic Combat Element (LCE) - ✔✔The LCE is task organized to provide the fill range of Combat Service Support (CSS) functions and capabilities needed to support the continued readiness and sustainability of the MAGTF as a whole. I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) - ✔✔Based in southern California and Arizona II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF) - ✔✔Based in North and South Carolina III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) - ✔✔Based in Japan and Hawii MEB - ✔✔A MAGTF built around a reinforced infantry regiment, an aircraft group, and logistic combat element. A brigadier general normally commands the MEB. As an expeditionary force, it is capable of rapid deployment and employment via amphibious shipping, strategic airlift, marrying with Maritime prepositioned Force (MPF) assets, or any combination thereof. Command Element (CE) - ✔✔Exercises command and control, is commanded by a general, and contains a Surveillance Reconnaissance Intelligence Group (SRIG) detachment.

Air Combat Element, (ACE) - ✔✔A Marine Aircraft Group (MAG). Ground Combat Element, (GCE) - ✔✔A reinforced infantry regiment referred to as a Regimental Combat Team (RCT). Logistic Combat Element, (LCE) - ✔✔A Combat Logistics Regiment (CLR). Marine Expeditionary Unit - ✔✔(special Operations Capable) [MEU (SOC)] is the standard forward- deployed Marine expeditionary organization. Marine Corps Forces Command and Marine Corps Forces Pacific maintain forward-deployed MEUs (SOC). The MEU (SOC) can be thought of both as a self- contained operating force capable of missions of limited scope and duration, and as a forward-deployed extension of the MEF. The MEU (SOC) mission is to provide a forward deployed, sea-based, rapid crisis response capability to execute a full range of military operations. Command Element (CE) - ✔✔The mission of the MEU (SOC) CE is to provide command and control to the MEU (SOC). The MEU (SOC) CE is responsible for the command and control, direction, planning, and coordination of air, ground, and logistic operations of assigned forces, consisting of a Marine Battalion Landing Team (BLT), a Marine composite squadron, a Marine Combat Logistics Battalion (CLB) and other separate units. Air Combat Element (ACE) - ✔✔The ACE is a reinforced helicopter squadron with transport, utility, and attack helicopters, a detachment of vertical/short take-off and landing (V/STOL) fixed-wing attack aircraft, and other detachments as required. Ground Combat Element (GCE) - ✔✔Commonly referred to as the BLT (Battalion Landing Team), the GCE is an infantry battalion reinforced with artillery, reconnaissance, engineer, armor, assault amphibian units, and other detachments as required. Logistics Combat Element (LCE) - ✔✔The Logistics Combat Element is a Combat Logistics Battalion (CLB) I MEF - ✔✔11th, 13th, and 15th MEUs (SOC) (Odd #s beginning with 1)

II MEF - ✔✔22d, 24th, and 26th MEUs (SOC) (Even #s beginning with 2) III MEF - ✔✔31st MEU (SOC) Special Purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF) - ✔✔Normally used for a specific mission or in unique instances where employment of one of the three basic MAGTFs would be inappropriate. Command Element (CE) - ✔✔Structured to conduct command and control of operational functions and is tailored to the mission and task organized of the SPMAGTF. Air Combat Element (ACE) - ✔✔A task-organized detachment of aircraft. Ground Combat Element (GCE) - ✔✔Composed of at least a platoon-sized infantry element. Logistics Combat Element (LCE) - ✔✔Task-organized to meet the specific service support requirements of the SPMAGTF and is centered on the unit designated to provide most of the service support. Reporting Senior - ✔✔Commanding Officers are reporting seniors by virtue of their command authority. Delegated Reporting Seniors - ✔✔Delegation of reporting senior authority is an actual transfer of authority, not merely an authorization to sign "By direction." Immediate Superiors in Command (ISICs) - ✔✔ISICs are reporting seniors for assigned Commanding Officers and they are authorized to assume the reporting senior authority of subordinate Commanding Officers whose capacity to act as reporting seniors becomes impaired. Raters and Senior Raters - ✔✔Evaluation reports on E-6 an below require the signatures of a rater and senior rater as well as the reporting senior. The rater should be a Navy Chief Petty Officer whenever possible, but if none is available with the command, the rater may be a military or civilian supervisor who is an E-7 equivalent or higher. Typically the senior rater will be the member's division officer or department head.

Performance Counseling - ✔✔Counseling methods are up to the Commanding Officer. It is the CO's program. Performance counseling must be provided at the mid-point of the periodic report cycle and when the report is signed. Regular Reports - ✔✔The foundation of the performance record. Regular reports are submitted periodically according to the schedule and on other occasions as specified. Concurrent Reports - ✔✔Provide a record of significant performance in an additional duty (ADDU) or temporary additional duty (TEMADD) status. They are optional unless directed by higher authority and may not be submitted by anyone in the regular reporting senior's direct chain of command. Concurrent reports must be counter signed by the regular reporting senior who has limited power to reject it and may also make it the Regular report for the period concerned. Operational Commander Reports - ✔✔Are optional and may only be submitted on Commanding Officers or Officers-In-Charge by operational commanders who are not their regular reporting seniors. Operational Commander reports do not have to be counter-signed by the regular reporting senior. Administrative Blocks - ✔✔The administrative blocks identify the report, define the context in which it is received, and make it more informative to detailers and selection boards. Guidance on Trait Grades - ✔✔The meanings of the trait grades are printed on the form along with representative performance standards. Graded on a scale of 1.0 (poor performance, which is not improving) to 5.0 (reserved for performance which is far above standards). Comment Blocks - ✔✔Comments on performance should be based on verifiable facts. Numerical ranking among peers is authorized. Promotion Recommendation Summary Groups - ✔✔Performance recommendations should be consistent with the performance trait grades, the Individual Trait Average, and the written comments on performance. The enlisted performance mark for the report period is taken directly from the promotion recommendation, and is 4.0 for "Early Promote," 3.8 for "Must Promote," 3.6 for "Promotable," 3.4 for "Progressing," and 2.0 for "Significant Problems." Misconduct Reporting - ✔✔Adverse or downgraded fitness and evaluation reports may not be directed as punishment or used as an alternative to the proper disposition of the misconduct under the UCMJ.

Reports may not mention non-punitive censure, investigatory, judicial, or other proceedings which have not been concluded or which exonerated the member. Responsibilities and Right of Members - ✔✔Members shall sign all of their evaluation reports unless impossible to do so and also receive a coy of the report at the time it is signed. Members have the right to submit statements to the record concerning the reports at the time of the report or within 2 years after the report ending date. Standard Letter - ✔✔Use to correspond officially within or outside the DOD. Endorsements - ✔✔When a letter is transmitted via your activity, use an endorsement to forward comments, recommendations, or information. While an endorsement is mostly used for transmitting correspondence through the chain of command, you may also use it to redirect a letter. Memorandums - ✔✔Provides a less formal way to correspond within an activity/command. Page 2 - ✔✔NAVPERS 1070/602 Dependency Apllication/Record of Emergency Data and DD 93, Record of Emergency Data. Page 4 - ✔✔NAVPERS 1070/604, Enlisted Qualifications History Page 5 - ✔✔NAVPERS 1070/605, History of Assignments Page 13 - ✔✔NAVPERS 1070/613, Administrative Remarks UCMJ - ✔✔Purpose: Promotes good order and discipline and provides a basis for the administration of justice for the Armed Forces. Summary (Court-Martial) - ✔✔Composed of one active duty commissioned officer with the rank of Captain (O-3) or higher.

Special Court-Martial - ✔✔Can be composed of a military judge alone or a military judge and not less than three active-duty armed service members. The impartial personnel can be commissioned officers, warrant officers, or enlisted personnel. If the accused is a commissioned officer, no member can be a warrant officer or enlisted person. If the accused is an enlisted person, they may request that at least one third of the members of the court be enlisted. General (Court-Martial) - ✔✔Can be composed of a military judge alone or a military judge and not less than 5 impartial active-duty armed services personnel. The impartial personnel can be commissioned officers, warrant officers, or enlisted personnel. If the accused is a commissioned officer, no member can be a warrant officer or enlisted person. If the accused is an enlisted person, they may request that at least one third of the members of the court be enlisted. Enlisted Distribution Verification Report (EDVR) - ✔✔A monthly statement of an activity's enlisted personnel account. It lists all individuals assigned and provides a summary by distribution community of the present and future manning status of the activity as well as serving as a permanent historical record of an activity's enlisted personnel account. Elements found in a combat environment. - ✔✔Violent, unnerving sights and sounds. Casualties Confusion and lack of information. Isolation Communications breakdown. Individual discomfort and fatigue. Fear, stress, and mental fatigue. Continuous operations. Homesickness Morale - ✔✔The individual's state of mind. Discipline - ✔✔The individual or group attitude that ensure prompt obedience to orders and initiation of appropriate action in the absence of orders. Esprit de corps - ✔✔The loyalty to, pride in, and enthusiasm for the unit shown by its members.

Proficiency - ✔✔The technical, tactical, and physical ability to perform the job or mission. Motivation - ✔✔Based on psychological factors such as needs, desires, and impulses that cause a person to act. BAMCIS - ✔✔Begin planning. Arrange for reconnaissance. Make reconnaissance. Complete the plan. Issue the order. Supervise. Article I. - ✔✔"I am an American, fighting in the armed forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense." Article II. - ✔✔"I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist." Article III. - ✔✔"If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy." Article IV. - ✔✔"If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them in every way." Article V. - ✔✔"When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no verbal or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies, or harmful to their cause."

Article VI. - ✔✔"I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America." Triage - ✔✔a French word meaning "to sort" is the process of quickly assessing patients in a multiple- casualty incident and assigning patient a priority for receiving treatment according to the severity of his illness or injuries. Tactical Triage - ✔✔Class I: Patients whose injuries require minor professional treatment that can be done on an outpatient or ambulatory basis. Class II: Patients whose injuries require immediate life-sustaining measure or are of moderate nature. Class III: Patients whom definitive treatment can be delayed without jeopardy to life or loss of limb. Class IV: Patients whose wounds or injuries would require extensive treatment beyond the immediate medical capabilities. Nontactical Triage - ✔✔Priority I: Patients with correctable life-threatening illnesses or injuries. Priority II: Patients with serious but non-life-threatening illnesses or injuries. Priority III: Patients with minor injuries. Priority IV: Patients who are dead or are fatally injured. Primary Survey - ✔✔A rapid initial assessment to detect and treat life-threatening conditions that require immediate care, followed by a status decision about the patient's stability and priority for immediate transport to a medical facility. Secondary Survey - ✔✔A complete and detailed assessment consisting of a subjective interview and an objective examination, including vital signs and head-to-toe survey. Duties of interior guard. - ✔✔Preserve order. Protect property. Enforce regulations within the jurisdiction of command.

General Order 1 - ✔✔To take charge of this post and all government property in view. General Order 2 - ✔✔To walk my post in a military manner, keeping always on alert and observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing. General Order 3 - ✔✔To report all violations of order I am instructed to enforce. General Order 4 - ✔✔To repeat all calls from posts more distant form the guardhouse than my own. General Order 5 - ✔✔To quit my post only when properly relieved. General Order 6 - ✔✔To receive, obey, and pass on to the sentry who relieves me, all orders from the commanding officer, officer of the day, and officers and noncommissioned officers of the guard only. General Order 7 - ✔✔To talk to no one except in the line of duty. General Order 8 - ✔✔To give the alarm in case of fire or disorder. General Order 9 - ✔✔To call the corporal of the guard in any case not covered by instructions. General Order 10 - ✔✔To salute all officers and all colors and standards not cased. General Order 11 - ✔✔To be especially watchful at night and during the time for challenging, to challenge all persons on or near my post, and to allow no one to pass without proper authority. Deadly Force - ✔✔The efforts of an individual used against another to cause death, substantial risk of death, or serious bodily harm. Six Conditions for Deadly Force - ✔✔Defend yourself.

Defend property not involving national security. Defend property not involving national security but inherently dangerous to others. Prevent crimes against people. Apprehend individuals. Establish and/or maintain lawful order. (3D APE) (PADDED) Terrorism - ✔✔The unlawful use or threatened use of violence to force or intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious, or ideological objectives. Perspectives of Terrorism - ✔✔A cheap, low-risk, highly effective way for weak nations, individuals, or groups to challenge stronger nations or groups and achieve objectives beyond their own capabilities. Long range goals of terrorism. - ✔✔To topple governments, influence top level decisions, and gain recognition for their cause. Short range goals of terrorism. - ✔✔Focus on gaining recognition, reducing government credibility, obtaining funds and equipment, disrupting communications, demonstrating power, delaying the political process, reducing the government's economy, influencing elections, freeing prisoners, demoralizing and discrediting the security force, intimidating a particular group, and causing a government to overreact. THREATCON - ✔✔System designed to standardize security measures so that inter-service coordination and support of anti-terrorism activities are simplified. THREATCON Normal - ✔✔No known threat indicated. THREATCON Alpha - ✔✔A general threat of possible terrorist activity against installations and personnel. THREATCON Bravo - ✔✔An increased and more predictable threat of terrorist action.

THREATCON Charlie - ✔✔An incident has occurred or intelligence has been received indicating that some form of terrorist action is imminent. THREATCON Delta - ✔✔A terrorist attack has occurred or intelligence indicates that a terrorist action against a specific location is likely. Top Secret - ✔✔The classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security. Secret - ✔✔The classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the national security. Confidential - ✔✔The classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause damage to the national security. SINCGARS - ✔✔Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System LO (low power) - ✔✔Manpack/Vehicular- 200 M- 400 M M (medium power) - ✔✔400 M- 5 KM HI (high power) - ✔✔5 KM- 10 KM PA (Power amplifier) - ✔✔Vehicular only- 10 KM- 40 KM BA 5372 - ✔✔Battery, Non-rechargeable BA-5372/U (Hold up battery) BA 5590 - ✔✔Battery, Non-rechargeable (Lithium) (Manpack radio primary power battery) BA 590 - ✔✔Battery, Rechargeable: BB (manpack radio secondary power battery)

Four weapon safety rules. - ✔✔Treat every weapon as if it were loaded. Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot. Keep your finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire. Keep the weapon on safe until you are ready to fire. M9 - ✔✔Semiautomatic, magazine fed, recoil operated, double action pistol, chambered for the 9mm cartridge. (SMRDC) Caliber 9mm NATO System of Operation short recoil, semi-automatic Length 8.54 in Width 1.50 in Height 5.51 in Weight(w/empty mag) 33.86 oz Weight(w/15 round mag) 40.89 oz Maximum effective range 50 meters Maximum range 1800 meters Magazine staggered, 15 round capacity Condition 1: Magazine inserted, round in chamber, slide forward, hammer forward and safety on. Condition 2: Does not apply to the M9 pistol. Condition 3: Magazine inserted, chamber empty, slide forward, and safety on. Condition 4: Magazine removed, chamber empty, slide forward, and safety on. M16A4 - ✔✔Lightweight, gas-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed, shoulder-fired weapon that can be fired in the semi-auto and auto (3 round burst) mode. (GLAMS) Caliber 5.56mm

System of Operation gas operated, semi- automatic, 3 round burst Length(with compensator) 39 5/8 in Weight(w/30 round mag) 8.79 lbs Maximum effective range 550 meters point target/ 800 meters area target Maximum range 3600 meters Magazine staggered, 30 round cap. Condition 1: Safety on, magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed. Condition 2: Does not apply to the M16A4 rifle. Condition 3: Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed. Condition 4: Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, ejection port cover closed. M4 - ✔✔Lightweight, gas-operated, air-cooled, magazine-fed, shoulder-fired weapon that can be fired in three round bursts or semi-automatic single shots. Caliber 5.56mm System of Operation gas operated, semi- automatic, 3 round burst Length(buttstock closed) 29.75 in Length(buttstock open) 33 in Weight(w/30 round mag) 7.5 lbs Maximum effective range 500 meters point target/ 600 meters area target Maximum range 3600 meters Magazine staggered, 30 round cap Condition 1: Safety on, magazine inserted, round in chamber, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed.

Condition 2: Does not apply to the M4 carbine. Condition 3: Safety on, magazine inserted, chamber empty, bolt forward, ejection port cover closed. Condition 4: Safety on, magazine removed, chamber empty, ejection port cover closed. M4 Super 90 (M1014) Shotgun - ✔✔Lightweight, gas operated, tubular magazine fed, 12 gauge, semi- automatic shotgun capable of firing 2.75 or 3.00 magnum shells with a telescoping tubular buttstock. (GLMSS) Caliber 12 Gauge System of Operation ARGO Twin System (Auto-Regulating Gas Operated) with dual gas system Barrel 18.5in w/fixed choke Weight(empty) 8.44 lbs Maximum effective range Dependent on ammo (Approx. 40 yards with 00 buckshot, in excess of 100 yards with the rifled slug.) Mag Capacity(2.75 in shells) 7(Buckshot) Mag Capacity(3 in shell) 6(Slug) Condition 1: Ammunition inserted into the magazine tube, breech bolt forward with a round in the chamber, weapon on safe. Condition 2: Does not apply to the M1014 Shotgun. Condition 3: Ammunition inserted into magazine tube, breech bolt forward on an empty chamber, weapon on safe. Condition 4: Magazine tube empty, breech bolt forward on an empty chamber, weapon on safe. M67 Grenade - ✔✔Used to produce casualties by high velocity projection fragments, with pyrotechnic delay fuse (time to grenade functioning after release of safety lever is 4-5 seconds). The average Marine can throw the M67 grenade 40 meters.

Body Steel sphere Filler 6.5 oz of Composition B Fuse M213 Weight 14 oz Kill Radius 5 meters Casualty Radius 15 meters (fragments can disperse as far away as 230 meters) M203 Grenade Launcher - ✔✔Lightweight, single-shot, breech-loaded, pump action (sliding barrel), shoulder-fired weapon attached to an M16A4 rifle or the M4 carbine. (LBPSS) Length(overall) 9.0cm (39in) Length of barrel only 30.5cm (12in) Length of rifling 25.4cm (10in) Weight of launcher unloaded 1.4 kg (3 lbs) Weight of launcher loaded 1.6 kg (3.5 lbs) Wt of rifle and launcher loaded 5.0 kg (11 lbs) Maximum range (approx.) 400 meters (1,312 ft) Maximum effective range:

• fire-team sized are target 350 meters (1,148 ft)
• vehicle or weapon point target 150 meters (492 ft) Minimum safe firing range(HE) training 165 meters (541 ft) combat 31 meters (102 ft) Minimum arming range (approx) 14-38 meters (46- 125 ft) Rate of fire 5-7 rounds per min. Condition 1: Round in chamber, action is closed and the weapon is on safe. Condition 2: This condition does not apply to the M203. Condition 3: This condition does not apply to the M203.

Condition 4: The chamber is clear. The action is closed and the weapon is on safe. M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW) - ✔✔Machine gun, light, squad automatic weapon, M249 (SAW) is a gas operated, air-cooled, belt or magazine-fed, automatic weapon that fires from the open-bolt position. (GLAM FAMS) Weight with bipod & tools 17 lbs With 200 round drum 23.92 lbs Measurements: length 40.87 in Muzzle velocity ball ammo 3,025 ft. per sec. Tracer ammo 2,870 ft per sec. Rifling standard right hand twist one turn in 7 inches Ranges: Maximum 3,600 meters Maximum effective: Point Targets 800 meters Area Targets 1,000 meters Grazing Fire 600 meters Rates of fire: Sustained 85 rounds per min., fired in 3-5 round bursts, 4-5 seconds between bursts, no barrel changes Rapid 200 rounds per min., fired in 6-8 round bursts, 2-3 seconds between bursts, barrel change every 2 min. Cyclic 850 rounds per min., continuous burst, barrel change every min. Caliber 5.56mm

Condition 1: Bolt is locked to the rear. Safety is on. Source of ammunition is in position on the feed tray or in the magazine well. Cover is closed. Condition 2: Not applicable to the M249. Condition 3: Bolt is forward. Chamber is empty. Safety is off. Source of ammunition is in position on the feed tray or in the magazine well. Cover is closed. Condition 4: Bolt is forward. Chamber is empty. Safety is off. Feed tray is empty or no magazine is inserted. Cover is closed.