FNDH 620 Exam 2 Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Biology

Download FNDH 620 Exam 2 Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! FNDH 620 Exam 2 Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 What are the most prevalent saturated fatty acids in average US diet? A. palmitic and stearic acid B. oleic and linoleic C. linoleic and linolenic D. acetic and butyric Palmitic and stearic acid What is formed when fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria? A. glycerol; B. pyruvate; C. triacylglyceride; D. acetyl CoA; Acetyl CoA What is the normal product of the fatty acid synthase? A. Triacylglyceride; B. Palmitate; C.n-3 fatty acid; D.n-6 fatty acid; Palmitate Which fatty acid is considered essential and must be supplied by the diet? A. a-linolenic acid; B. Linoleic acid; C. y-linolenic acid; D.Arachidonic acid; E. A and B. A and B Humans build about ____mg of cholesterol each day. A. 100 B. 300 C. 700 D. 2000 700 Cholesterol is the precursor of the following except: A. Estrogens and androgens; B. Glucocorticoids; C. Bile acids; D. Vitamin D; E. Phospholipids. Phospholipids What is the most active site of lipid digestion? A. stomach B. duodenum C. upper jejunum D. ileum Upper jejunum The main function of lipoproteins is A. To facilitate lipid digestion; B. To protect against CVD; C. To act as the carrier of lipids; D. To provide energy; E. All of the above. To act as the carrier of lipids The main component of a HDL molecule is protein. A. True B. False True LDL-cholesterol is often termed "bad cholesterol" because it has been linked to atherogenic fatty plaque formation A. True B. False True Trans unsaturated fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they A. are unnatural and only formed during fat processing; B. cause excess blood clotting; C. elevate serum LDL while decreasing HDL; D. are saturated completely. C. IgA secrets in milk; D. IgM responds first to a new antigen; E. IgE is responsible for allergy Passive immunity during infancy A patient came to the emergency room complaining of severe abdominal pain. Laboratory analysis revealed high concentrations of the dibasic amino acids in the urine. The patient's pain subsided a few hours later after he passed a kidney stone. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is: A. Hartnup; B. Cystinuria; C. Kwashiorkor; D. Hyperammonemia; E. Scurvy. Cystinuria What percent of the circulating amino acids is contributed to protein synthesis? A. 9; B. 10-25; C. 30-40; D. 45-55; E. 75. 75 In humans, the major route of nitrogen transfer from amino acids into ammonia involves which of the following pairs of enzymes? A. Glutamine synthetase and urease; B. Transaminases and glutaminase; C. Glutamate dehydrogenase and transaminases; D. Amino acid oxidases and arginase; E. Glutaminase and amino acid oxidases. Glutamate dehydrogenase and transaminases Where is urea synthesized? A. brain and pancreas B. bones and joints C. stomach and duodenum D. liver and kidneys Liver and kidneys The most branched-chain amino acids (i.g. valine, isoleucine, & leucine) are metabolized in the liver but not in the skeletal muscle. A. True; B. False. False Human body turns over the total body protein at about 10-20% (300-400 g) each day. A. True; B. False False A deficiency in which of the following amino acids will result in negative nitrogen balance, even though the diet may contain a large amount of protein. A. Serine B. Glutamate C. Trytophan D. Alanine E. Asparagine Tryptophan Pellagra-like symptom may be induced by which of the following conditions. A. Incomplete dietary protein such as corn protein; B. Inherited defects in neutral amino acid transporter; C. Niacin deficiency; D. All of the above; E. None of the above. All of the above How long does it take for a fasting state? A. Up to 12 hours after meal; B. Up to 24 hours; C. Up to 48 hours; D. Up to 72 hours; E. Up to One week. Up to 48 hours How long do hepatic glycogen stores last before exhaustion is reached? A. within 12 hours B. within 24-36 hours C. within 1 week D. within 1 month Within 24-36 hours Amino acids from muscle breakdown provide the chief substance for which metabolic process during fasting state? A. glycolysis; B. gluconeogenesis; C. glycogenesis; D. glycogenolysis; E. Hexosemonophosphate shunt. Gluconeogenesis A protein-sparing shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to lipolysis occurs during the? A. Fed state; B. Early fasting state; C. Fasting state; D. Starvation state; E. All of the above. Starvation state During exercise, which the following contributes only minimally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles? A. amino acids; B. muscle glycogen; C. blood glucose; D. Plasma fatty acids; E. Intramuscular triacylglycerides.A Amino acids The predominant use of plasma free fatty acids for energy is at low to moderate intensity exercise and the predominant use of glucose oxidation is at high intensity exercise. A. True; B. False. True What is the most important factor influencing the duration of endurance performance? A. muscle glycogen stores at the start of exercise B. muscle glycogen stores at the end of the exercise session C. muscle protein stores during the exercise D. the size of fat deposits at the beginning of the exercise session Muscle glycogen stores at the start of exercise Body mass index (BMI) is one way to estimate A. appropriate weight for height; B. actual body adiposity; C. body fat distribution; D. risk factors associated with obesity; E. None of the above.