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FNP NR511: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS MIDTERM
EXAM / CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
2025/2026|CERTIFIED EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Cellulitis risk factors - Correct-answer- - lymphatic blockage
-hx recurrent cellulitis
-postmastec
-post-saph vein graft
-HIV/AIDS
-chronic steroids
-chemo
-drug/etoh abuse
-PVD
cellulitis assessment - Correct-answer- - tender, warm, erythematous
-usually precipitating condition that "got infected"
-hx lesion or plaque getting progressively larger over several days
-tender/enlarged nodes poss
-lower leg common (search for tinea pedis or areas of macerated skin in toes)
folliculitis causes - Correct-answer- - predisposing factors: DM, obesity, staph carrier, poor hygiene, immunodef, exposure to chem, chronic skin friction
-long-term tetra therapy
-Gram- colonization and trauma from shaving
-abx use
-wet environments such as whirlpools
-chronic ster
-trauma/damage to hair follicles
-skin occlusion
-drainage from adjacent infections
-acne
furuncles - Correct-answer- - boil, deep follicle inf
-Gram + staph
-small, red, indurated nodules, start to develop yellow-colored central plug
impetigo teaching - Correct-answer- - contagious
-hygiene/fingernails
-refrain from contact sports
-do not return to school until 24h after abx started
-clean crusts with antibac soap, then apply mupirocin or retapamulin
-prompt attention to skin trauma
wart characteristics - Correct-answer- - contagious skin lesion
-infected skin keratinocytes caused by HPV
wart assessment - Correct-answer- - small bump or group present for weeks, months
-recurring
-OTC no success
-usually asym except plantar
-can be raised, flat, single, multiple, isolated, clustered
-centrally located caps
common warts-verruca vulgaris - Correct-answer- - smooth
-flesh colored
-papules that become dome shaped
-grey/brown with black dots on surface
filiform/digitae warts - Correct-answer- - fingerlike
-fleshlike
-protrude from narrow or broad base
-face
flat warts/verruca planae - Correct-answer- - small
-slightly elevated
-flat-topped
-papule
-numerous
-pink, light brown/yellow
plantar warts - Correct-answer- - heads of metatarsal bones and heels
-tx/suppression of recurrent genital herpes
-recurrent herpes labialis in immunocompromised
HSV-valacyclovir - Correct-answer- - tx of herpes zoster, herpes labialis, and varicella
-tx/supp of genital herpes in immunocompromised
HSV-acyclovir - Correct-answer- - genital herpes
-herpes zoster
-varicella
-herpes labialis
-herpetic whitlow
atopic dermatitis/eczema tx - Correct-answer- - Burow's/silver nitrate compresses
-corticosteroid creams, systemic for severe cases
-antihistamines or TCAs for itch
-montelukast
-topical -crolimus
-cyclosporine A
-omalizumab
-phototherapy/photochemotherapy
atopic dermatitis locations in children - Correct-answer- - AC fossae
-popliteral fossae
atopic triad - Correct-answer- - asthma
-eczema
-allergic rhinitis
-increased prod of allergen-sp IgE
seborrheic dermatitis - Correct-answer- - adult male
-face/scalp
-pink, scaly rash
-differentiated from dandruff by appearance of erythema
psoriasis-Kobner phenomenon - Correct-answer- physical trauma induces formation of new skin lesions
acne tx- topical retinoids - Correct-answer- - tretinoin cream
-tazarotene
-adapalene
-isotretinoin for severe
acne tx- combo retinoid/anti-bac - Correct-answer- - adapelene/benzoyl
acne tx- systemic - Correct-answer- - minocycline
-doxy
acne tx- hormonal therapy - Correct-answer- - norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol
-norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol
-drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol
rosacea tx- topical - Correct-answer- - metronidazole cream
-tretinoin
-azelaic acid
rosacea tx- systemic - Correct-answer- - abx for flare ups:
-tetracycline
-minocycline
-doxy
-poss isotretinoin
seborrheic keratosis tx - Correct-answer- - liquid nitrogen
-curettage
-snip or shave excision
actinic keratosis (premalignant) causes - Correct-answer- - damage caused from cumulative sun exposure
-can progress to SCC
actinic keratosis-assessment - Correct-answer- - rough, scaly rash
-constantly dry rash
-color variegation
malignant melanoma-dx - Correct-answer- - excisional biopsy
-Breslow depth classification
-Clark staging for tumor invasiveness
-subsequent: lymph node biopsy, lymph drainage mapping, sentinel node biopsy, labs, XR, CT
malignant melanoma-tx - Correct-answer- - Mohs surgery
-chemo
-rad
-bio therapy
squamous cell carcinoma assessment - Correct-answer- - growing spot or non healing sore
-thick, rough patch that bleeds easily
-look like warts with raised border and crusted surface
-irr border
-Bowen's disease
basal cell carcinoma assessment - Correct-answer- - growing spot or non healing sore
-thick, rough patch that bleeds easily
-look like warts with raised border and crusted surface
-irr border
-nodulo-ulcerative= elevated papules with pearly appearance
-telangiectatic bvs on border of lesion
-can be blue/black/brown
SCC/BCC - Correct-answer- - simple excision
-electrodesiccation and curettage
-cryosurgery
-laser surgery
-Mohs microsurgery
-chemo
-topical 5-FU and phototherapy for superficial forms
dry eye-dx - Correct-answer- - sx/questionnaire
-sandy, gritty feeling
-sometimes bilateral
-lymph nodes not palpable
-fall/winter
viral conjunctivitis assessment - Correct-answer- - watery discharge
-minimal itching
-often bilateral
-preauricular lymph nodes palpable
-highly contagious
-associated with URIs
blepharitis assessment - Correct-answer- - eyelid inflammation/redness
-nonulcerative (seborrhea) vs. ulcerative (Meibomian glands)
-itching
-burning
-fb sensation
-photosens
-tearing
-poss scales or pustules
-lashes thin and break easily
blepharitis tx - Correct-answer- - nonulcerative= improve hygiene
-mild staph/ulcerated lesions= bacitracin or erythromycin 0.5% ointment QD x7- 10d
-resistant staph= quinolone abx ointment or sulfacetamide/steroid ointment
-severe= doxy 100mg BID or tetracycline 250mg QID; several weeks then taper
hordeolum/chalazion tx - Correct-answer- - infection/inflammation= erythromycin ointment, sulfacetamide ointment QID, cipro ointment TID
-resistant/recurrent hordeolum= staph abx, cephalexin
dry eye dx - Correct-answer- - slit lamp
-Schirmer test for lacrimal secretions
-labs to r/o AI such as Sjogrens
-C&S if there is discharge
dry eye tx - Correct-answer- - hormone therapy post-men
-NSAIDs= ketorolac
bacterial conjunctivitis tx - Correct-answer- - sodium sulfacetamide
-erythromycin
-azithromycin
-bacitracin
-ciprofloxacin
-trimethoprim/polymyxin B
-tobramycin
-neomycin
-ofloxacin
-levofloxacin
-besifloxacin
-gentamicin
chlamydial conjunctivitis - Correct-answer- - azithromycin 1g once
-or
-doxy 100mg BID x7d
HSV conjunctivitis - Correct-answer- - pyrimidine solution
-PO acyclovir
-opth referral
cataract dx - Correct-answer- - visual acuity
-refraction
-IOP
-slit lamp
-fundus asmt
-B scan US
-contrast sensitivity
-glare tests
-Lens Opacities Classification System
cataracts edu - Correct-answer- - high doses of vit c may increase age-related cataracts
-multivitamins and mineral supps may help
cataracts assessment - Correct-answer- - asx until adv
