Foster - Management Exam 3 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY SET, Exams of Organization and Business Administration

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Foster - Management Exam 3

100% VERIFIED ANSWERS

2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY

SET

Consultative interactions, a focus on the issues, mutual respect, and useful give-and-take are characteristics of what?

• Functional
• Dysfunctional
• Consultive
• Negative Functional According to human capital architecture, individual's unique skills that are not directly related to core business strategy are known as what?
• Complementary/Alliance partners
• Strategic knowledge workers
• Supporting labor
• Core Employee Complementary/Alliance Partners The managing people and organizations group has weekly meetings every Sunday at 7:00 pm, all group members are expected to show up on time with previous tasks complete. All group members are in agreement with these standards of behavior. What would these behaviors be an example of?
• Groupthink
• Social Loafing
• Cohesion
• Norms

Norms The cultural corporation has been using PeoplePro, a sophisticated form of human resource management software, to keep track of employee data for the past 10 years. The software has become outdated and cumbersome and often results in more problems than solutions, but the human resources division has decided to continue using the software rather than purchase a different product, as the company has invested so much time, money, and people over the years. This best represents the _________________________ decision-making bias.

• Overconfidence
• Escalation of commitment
• Hindsight
• Anchoring Escalation of commitment ________________ is the idea that decision-makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions.
• Normative intuition
• Holistic intuition
• Bounded rationality
• Optimal satisfaction
• Explicit knowledge Bounded Rationality The forms of intuition are ________________.
• Tacit and explicit
• Formal and informal
• Rational and nonrational
• Holistic hunch and automated experiences
• Directive and analytical Holistic hunches and automated experiences We all use shortcuts, or _________________, when making decisions.
• Bounded rationality
• Holistic hunches

• Rational thought
• Personal biases
• Judgemental heuristics Judgmental heuristics Which of the following is true about the effective use of AI when gaining a competitive advantage?
• Machine learning alone is the key to gaining a competitive advantage
• Shifting employees to more value-added job tasks is successful
• Automating process does not show a return
• There isn't proof of moral violations with AI
• The relationship and interactions between AI and humans is simple Shifting employees to more value-added job tasks is successful A ________________ is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions.
• Chart
• Gantt chart
• Decision Tree
• Flow Chart
• Organizational Chart Decision Tree In groupthink, the inherent morality symptom is likely to do what?
• Breed excessive optimism
• Cause groups to underestimate opponents
• Cause groups to interpret silence as assent
• Question loyalty of dissenters
• Cause the group to ignore ethical considerations Cause the group to ignore ethical considerations _______________ and ______________ drive creative performance behaviors.
• Tasks; personal focus
• Tolerance for ambiguity; locus of control
• Heuristics; biases

• Alternatives; solutions
• Personal factors; environmental characteristics Personal factors; environmental characteristics Which of the following is an organizational function of a group?
• Fulfilled need for affiliation
• Reduced anxiety
• Build self esteem
• Coordinate interdepartmental efforts
• Provide an opportunity to test perceptions of social reality Coordinate interdepartmental efforts During which stage, of the 5 stage development process, does research show that conflict between team members is actually beneficial?
• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
• Adjourning Forming A person in the ______________ role will encourage all group members to participate.
• Compromiser
• Gatekeeper
• Commentator
• Encourager
• Harmonizer Gatekeeper Which of the following statements is true about Tuckman's five stage model of development?
• Tuckman's five stage model has limited practical application
• The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration
• The five stages represent punctuated equilibrium model
• The give stages model established periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic

change in norms, roles, and/or objectives

• The five stage model includes forming, storming, elaborating, evaluating, energizing The five stages are not necessarily of the same duration A _________________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
• Formal group
• Informal group
• Mature group
• Team
• Virtual Team Team In a self-managed team,
• Management retains the planning, scheduling, and monitoring activities, but allows teams to staff themselves
• Leadership is centralized
• There is no accountability
• Management is absent from team processes
• Leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up Leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up _____________ trust addresses the question, how effectively do people meet or perform their responsibilities, and acknowledge other people's skills and abilities?
• Charter
• Contractual
• Exposure
• Competence
• Expertise Competence The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as what?
• The higher conflict intensity, the lower the performance

• The higher the conflict intensity, the higher the performance
• The higher the conflict intensity is related to moderate performance
• Both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance
• Conflict intensity is unrelated to performance Both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance A psychological safety ____________, represents a shared belief among team members that it is safe to engage in risky behaviors such as questioning current practices without retribution and negative consequences.
• Culture
• Social Structure
• Climate
• Civil Structure
• Organization Climate Which of the following statements about incivility at work is false?
• Incivility can arise from both individual and organizational sources
• Incivility can damage an organization's reputation
• Stress is a potential outcome of incivility
• Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility
• Abusive supervision is a form of incivility Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility The benefit of _____________ is that it uses faster, more user-friendly methods of dispute resolution, instead of traditional, adversarial approaches such as unilateral decision making or litigation.
• Dysfunctional conflict resolution
• Alternative dispute resolution
• Conflict resolution service
• Intergroup conflict resolution Alternative dispute resolution

Individuals or organizations have _______________ power if they can obtain clients by promising or delivering positive reinforcements.

• Reward
• Coercive
• Reference
• Legitimate
• Expert Reward The ability to make threats or deliver punishment gives an individual or organizations ______________ power.
• Reward
• Coercive
• Reference
• Legitimate
• Expert Coercive __________________ power is a type of influence a person exercises independently of his/her job or position.
• Reward
• Coercive
• Legitimate
• Personal
• Political Personal _____________________ is the effort to enhance employee performance, well-being, or positive attitudes.
• Organizational citizenship behavior
• Positive organizational behavior
• Organization politics
• Empowerment
• Organizational development

Empowerment ________________ power tends to produce ________________.

• Positive legitimate; resistance
• Reward; commitment
• Expert; commitment
• Referent; compliance
• Legitimate negative; commitment Expert; commitment The highest degree of empowerment is called what?
• Authoritative power
• Power sharing
• Power distribution
• Influence sharing
• Structural Power distribution ___________________ is your personal evaluation of your ability to do your job.
• Impact
• Meaning
• Self determination
• Competence
• Significance Competence _____________________ are intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed by or aligned with those of the organizations.
• Influence tactics
• Coalition tactics
• Organizational politics
• Political tactics
• Organizational citizenship behavior Organizational Politics

_________________ is the use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature, and a moral code that puts results over principles.

• Machiavellianism
• Narcissism
• Psychopathy
• Ethnocentrism Machiavellianism _________________ is a lack of concern for others, impulsive behaviors, and a lack of remorse or guilt for one's actions that harm others.
• Machiavellianism
• Narcissism
• Psychopathy
• Ethnocentrism Psychopathy The dark triad consists of which of the following?
• Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy
• Extroversion, narcissism, psychopathy
• Machiavellianism, psychopathy, conscientiousness
• Psychopathy, extroversion, narcissism
• Intelligence, conscientiousness Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy __________________ focuses on clarifying employee's roles and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards based contingent on performance.
• Transactional leadership
• Transformational leadership
• Empowerment
• Structure Transactional Leadership _________________ includes communicating ethical values to others, rewarding ethical behavior, and treating others with care and concern.

• Consideration
• Empowerment
• Servant Leadership
• Ethical Leadership
• Abusive Leadership Ethical Leadership __________________ leadership focuses on increased benefits to others rather than to oneself.
• Transformational
• Relationship-oriented
• LMX
• Servant
• Inspirational Servant Fiedler's model uses the ______________ scale to measure a person's leadership style.
• Least Preferred Coworkers
• Least Preferred Boss
• Conscientiousness
• Extroversion
• Contingency Least Preferred Coworker The dimensions of situational controls in Fiedler's model are what?
• LMX, task structure, work facilitation
• Locus of control, achievement
• Task structure, workplace dynamic
• Leader-member relations, task structure, position power
• LMX, task structure, personal power Leader-member relations, task structure, position power _________________ behaviors are when a leader is planning, scheduling, organizing, and coordinating work.
• Interaction facilitation

• Supportive
• Work facilitation
• Achievement oriented
• Path-goal Work-facilitation Research reveals that transformational leaders tend to be all of the following except for what?
• Extroverted
• Neurotic
• Agreeable
• Female
• Proactive Neurotic The ________________ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective, and possess all the information for decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic.
• Intuition
• Satisfying
• Holistic
• Evidence-based
• Rational Rational One of the benefits of using intuition to make decisions is that it can...
• Be useful when you have unlimited resources
• Help managers who are bounded
• Speed up the decision making process
• Help managers understand all the highly desirable conditions
• Slow down the decision making process so you don't make a mistake Speed up the decision making process _______________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures.

• Representativeness
• Overconfidence
• Escalation of commitment
• Framing
• Conformation Overconfidence _________________ represents cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions.
• Normative intuitions
• Judgemental heuristics
• Holistic hunches
• Explicit knowledge
• Passive knowledge Judgmental heuristics Decision maker is influenced by the matter in which a problem or question is stated. This represents the ____________ bias?
• Conformation
• Availability
• Representativeness
• Overconfidence
• Framing Framing __________________ groups are assigned by organizations or managers; _____________ groups are formed when the members' purpose of getting together is for friendship or common interest.
• Organizational; individual
• Departmental; divisional
• Formal; informal
• Focus; interest
• Task; maintenance Formal; informal

During the forming stage, team effectiveness is low, and independence is _____________.

• At equilibrium
• Stabilized
• Average
• High
• Low High Conflict is considered to be dysfunctional when what happens?
• Involves Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
• Hinders organizational performance
• Involves compromising or integrating conflict handling styles
• Involves a devil's advocate
• Involves groupthink Hinders organizational performance The __________________ conflict handling style is a give-and-take approach.
• Integrating
• Obliging
• Avoiding
• Dominating
• Compromising Compromising Trained _____________________ typically from outside agencies are versed in relevant laws and case precedents, parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of this neutral person in a formal court-like setting often complete with evidence and witnesses.
• Mediators
• Arbitrators
• Facilitators
• Concilitators Arbitrators