Download Foundational Knowledge for NCTRC Exam: Human Development and Relevant Theories and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
FOUNDATIONAL KNOWLEDGE NCTRC
EXAM
Early Childhood Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: Birth- 6 yrs. -developing motor and social skills -communication skills are developing -Play is very important Children Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: 6 yrs-12 years -social world expands -organized activity involvement starts -still involved in play -hand/eye coordination is improving -friends become more significant than family -being like everyone else is important Adolescence Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: 13 yrs-21 yrs -peer groups become more important than family at beginning of stage -near the end of stage family regains their importance -independence is a struggle -body reaches maturation -interest in intimate relationships increase -sexuality is more intense Early Adulthood Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: 21 yrs-30 yrs -independence is established -interests on more challenging leisure activities -interest in life-long pursuits develop -more serious intimate relationships Middle Adulthood Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: 30 yrs-45 yrs -family and career take priority -activities very family centered Older Adulthood Stage - Correct Answers --Ages:45- -system is slowing down (metabolism) causing weight gain -cognitive abilities stay strong -midlife crisis and depression are common -children move out
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - Correct Answers --provides regulations to reduce workplace hazards and dangerous conditions percieved freedom - Correct Answers -implies that people think they have a choice intrinsic motivation - Correct Answers -a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake -must be motivated from within to have lesiure Flow Theory - Correct Answers -a theory of motivation that suggests that individuals will experience an intense level of enjoyment, concentration, and lack of self-awareness when actively engaged in activities that have clear goals, unambiguous feedback, and a match between one's skills and the challenge of the task Senior Adulthood Stage - Correct Answers --Ages: 60 yrs-75yrs -retirement and free time increases -health problems can occur Old-Old Stage - Correct Answers --Ages:75yrs-death -cognitive and physical deterioration is rapid -world becomes smaller -limited abilities -live in assistive facilities is common Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Correct Answers -(level 1) Physiological Needs (food/water) (level 2) Safety and Security (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection (level 4) Self Esteem (level 5) Self Actualization social learning theory - Correct Answers -the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished -a person learns by observing behavior and the consequences of that behavior -modeling is important part of this theory Experiential Learning Theory - Correct Answers --One learns by reflecting on what one has done. -Thinking about what you did after you did it. Self-determination Theory - Correct Answers --a theory of motivation -Looks at the motivation behind choices people make without influence or interference.
-his or her perceptions or norms and beliefs about how easy or difficult it will be to change. Attitude - Correct Answers -a disposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to an object, person, institution, or event. -can impact behavior Person First Language - Correct Answers --focusing on the person rather than their disability medical model - Correct Answers --commonly used in: hospitals (surgical and general medicine), physical rehab institutes. -model states that medicine dominates the other health professionals. It is doctor centered, illness-oriented approach to patient care and treatment. Treatment is directed at the disease rather than the whole person. Personell carry out physicians orders to meet medical goals. -CTRS treatment plan has to be focuses around the disease. Community Model - Correct Answers --refers to people as a whole who are found in specific geographic areas, share common needs and interests, or are linked together as a a group and individually by those needs and interests. -CTRS can function as a consultant, public relations expert, advocate, community planner, educator-teacher. education model - Correct Answers -Found in (public schools, special schools, and training centers) for people who are intellectually disabled or have sensory disabilities. -focus on socialization training and leisure education -CTRS uses recreational experiences to develop positive self-concept, social skills, and activity skills. Person-centered model - Correct Answers --common model -focus is on the clients dreams and goals International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF Model) - Correct Answers --Established by the World Health Organization (WHO) -to describe holistic health and to make a worldwide system of standardized communication and collaboration in health care. -illustrates the relationship between a persons health condition, body structure/function, activities/participation, and environmental and personal factors. Inclusion - Correct Answers -enables an individual to be part of their environment by making choices, being supported in what they do, having friends, and being valued. Processing - Correct Answers --talking with the clients about how they think, feel, and any other behaviors that were displayed in the activity.
-helps people realize what happened and how they can generalize their behavior into other aspects of your life. -CTRS needs to focus, redirect, block, link and summarize. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - Correct Answers -prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment and in the employment practices of federal contractors. -provided money to make recreation assessable The Rehabilitation Act of 1978 - Correct Answers --provided money to remove or construct facilities to make recreation accessible -provided money to make new recreation programs The Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - Correct Answers --ensure children with disabilities a free and appropriate education -required parents and teachers to write an individualized education plans for all children with disabilities. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 - Correct Answers --required more fully the inclusion of children with autism and traumatic brain injury -Includes transition and assistive technology services Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997 - Correct Answers --behavioral plans must be developed -transition services need to be included at age 14 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - Correct Answers -A law that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accommodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - Correct Answers --responsible for establishing regulations for both medicare and medicaid. Joint Commission - Correct Answers -a not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits different types of healthcare facilities and hospitals -sets standards for: ambulatory care, assisted living, behavioral health care, preferred provider organizations, home care, hospitals, and long-term care. Commission for the Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) - Correct Answers --Establishes standards for hospitals and a variety og health care organizations that might offer TR services including adult day services, assisted living standards, behavioral health, blind rehabilitation, employment and community services, and medical rehabilitation. -also address programing issues and the CTRS must meet those standards.
