Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Exams of Nursing

Download Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! MRSO Mock Test 1 What pulse sequence will produce the most patient heating? A. Inverse recovery sequence B. Single shot fast spin echo C. Conventional spin echo D. Gradient Echo - Answer B. Single shot fast spin echo During acquisition, it is noticed that the T wave of the cardiac cycle is elevated. What is this artifact called? A. Magnetohydrodynamic Effect B. Excitation C. Teratogenesis D. Magnetophosphenes - Answer A. Magnetohyrdodynamic Effect When can heating occur in a wire? A. Only in ferrous object B. When the transmitted wavelength is half of the B0 field strength or is a multiple of the length of that C. When objects get smaller D. In small round metal objects - Answer B. When the transmitted wavelength is half of the B0 field strength or is a multiple of the length of that What unit of measure is used for SAR? A. A/1b B. dB/dx C. dB/dt D. W/kg - Answer D. W/kg The IEC 60601-2-33 whole body normal operating mode is ________________ the energy requirements limited in the first level controlled operating mode. A. Triple B. Double C. Half D. Not comparable to - Answer C. Half Which of the following are recommended by the ACR guidance in MR Safety 2013 in proper scanning of a patient? A. Metal Detector B. Ferromagnetic detection system C. Written screening sheet D. Patient Gown - Answer B. Ferromagnetic detection system C. Written screening sheet D. Patient Gown Using a headset and ear plugs will reduce the noise by how much? A. By the NRR of headset A. 0.5 deg C B. 1 deg C C. 2 deg C D. 3 deg C - Answer A. 0.5 deg C The gradient coils are used for what in MRI? A. Aligning nuclei to a vector B. Resonance production C. Spatial encoding D. Tilting nuclei in to the transverse plane - Answer C. Spatial Encoding What does discovery mean in a court case? A. A way to get records on someone named in a case B. A process of sentencing a defendant C. All of the choices D. A new turn of events in a court case - Answer A. A way to get records on someone named in a case Which of the following can be used to test if an object is ferrous? A. Metal detector B. Ferromagnetic detection system C. Tester magnet D. Radiograph - Answer B. Ferromagnetic detection system C. Tester magnet Wire and leads can produce heat because they are what? A. Magnetic B. Reactive C. Diamagnetic D. Electrically conductive - Answer D. Electrically conductive Why are metal detectors not recommended in MR screening? A. They cannot detect small fragments well B. They have varied sensitivity C. They are operator skill dependent D. All of the choices - Answer D. All of the choices A patient is advanced in the MRI scanner very quickly and experiences the sensation of flashing lights in their visual field. What are they experiencing? A. Nystagmus B. Magnetophosphenes C. Magnetohydrodynamic effect D. Heating - Answer B. Magnetophosphenes Which of the following is a short term effect of gadolinium based contrast? A. Gadolinium retention B. NSF C. Nausea D. GAP - Answer C. Nausea What gradient coil will produce axial images? A. X Gradient B. Y Gradient C. Z Gradient D. All of the choices - Answer C. Z Gradient A headache after contrast injection is considered what? A. None of the choices B. Anaphylaxis C. Allergic reaction D. Non allergic reaction - Answer D. Non allergic reaction The invisible fields that flow from the north pole to south pole of a magnet are called? A. Voltages B. Radiant fields C. Electrical current D. Magnetic flux lines - Answer D. Magnetic Flux lines The transmission of radiofrequency waves will cause what? A. Peripheral nerve stimulation B. Patient heating C. Magnetohydrodynamic effect D. Vertigo - Answer B. Patient heating Unsafe electrical devices in patients should be restricted from which of the following? A. Entering Zone 2 C. 6 hours D. 12 hours - Answer B. 24 hours The noise hear in MRI is caused by which of the following? A. Lorentz Force B. The antenna effect C. Larmor force D. Ohms Force - Answer A. Lorentz Force The speed that it takes a gradient coil to reach maximum strength is called what? A. Slew rate B. Rise time C. Spatial gradient D. Maximum gradient peak - Answer B. Rise Time What is the purpose of a cryogen? A. To reduce the overall noise produced during acquisition B. To reduce the heating produced in the MRI unit during each acquisition. C. To eliminate the resistance of electrical current in the coils of wire that produce the static magnetic field D. To allow the MRI unit to function at the fast speeds necessary to achieve an MRI image. - Answer C. To eliminate the resistance of electrical current in the coils of wire that produce the static magnetic field How loud are noised restricted to in MRI when considering the A- weighting? A. 69 decibels B. 99 decibels C. 120 decibels D. 40 decibels - Answer B. 99 decibels Which of the following are not recommended by the ACR guidance document in MR safety 2013 in proper scanning of a patient? A. Metal detector B. Patient Gown C. Written screening sheet D. Ferromagnetic detection system - Answer A. Metal detector What type of MRI unit uses a coil of a wire with a current running through it and a cryogen to produce a strong magnetic field? A. Resistive magnet B. All of the choices C. Permanent Magnet D. Superconducting Magnet - Answer D. Superconducting Magnet Contrast media will do what to tissue? A. Increase T2 relaxation times and decrease T1 relaxation times. B. Shorten T1 relaxation times C. Shorten T2 relaxation times D. Shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times - Answer D. Shorten T1 and T2 relaxation times Where are the gradient coils found? A. In zone 3 B. Under the patient C. Surrounding the patient D. At the control panel on the MR unit - Answer C. Surrounding the patient The process of releasing cryogen from the MR unit is called? A. Valve opening B. Quench C. Depressurization D. Release - Answer B. Quench The allowable maximum strength of the gradient coils is called what? A. The rise time B. Spatial gradient C. Maximum gradient peak D. The slew rate - Answer C. Maximum gradient peak As blood flows through a vessel, currents can be induced. The degree of this is called? A. Magnetophosphenes B. Fringe field C. Translational forces D. Flow potential - Answer D. Flow potential A patient is undergoing an MRI exam and is given an ice pack to reduce heat. Which of these methods is the patient using to regulate their increased heating? B. Zone 4 C. Zone 3 D. Zone 1 - Answer C. Zone 3 A gadolinium ion is attracted to a molecule called a/an? A. Ligand B. String C. Chain D. Ion - Answer A. Ligand Which of the following describes when a non-ferrous, electrically conductive object is repulsed by a static magnetic field? A. Fourier Transfomation B. Larmor equation C. Lenz force D. Ohms law - Answer C. Lenz force What is the purpose of resonance? A. Resonance is not used in MRI B. To tilt the nuclei of interest away from B0 C. To slow down the precessional frequency or nuclei D. To align nuclei with B0 - Answer B. To tilt nuclei of interest away from B0 Induction of electrical current in our patient from changing magnetic fields can be described by which of the following? A. Ohms Law B. Faradays Law C. Fourier equation D. Larmor equation - Answer B. Faradays law The near field effects of the RF energy can cause what kind of issue? A. Proximity Burning B. Resonant burning C. Reflective burning D. Missile effect - Answer A. Proximity burning Which of the following is true of a crime in legal cases? A. It involves damages to a person or a persons property B. It involves damages to themselves C. If involves breaking a law D. It involves an unintentional event that involves an emotional stress to another person - Answer C. If involves breaking a law What are the patient limits for the time varying gradient coils? A. 10 T/s B. 35 T/s C. To the comfort of the patient D. To the point a patient has a seizure - Answer To the comfort of the patient An Ice pack is used as what to reduce heating in a patient is called what? A. Heat sink B. Insulation C. Non ferrous material D. Anti conductor - Answer A. Heat sink The gradient coils are responsible for which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Significant heating B. Magnetohydrodynamic effect C. Noise D. Rotational force E. Translational force F. Peripheral nerve stimulation - Answer C. Noise F. Peripheral nerve stimulation What is the name for the direction of the vector of the static magnetic field? A. B0 B. B1 C. Inverse field D. Equilibrium - Answer A. B0 The MRI unit is found in which of the following? A. Zone 2 B. Zone 4 C. Zone 3 D. Zone 1 - Answer B. Zone 4 An area that is outside of any MR area and is accessible to the general public is called what? A. Zone 2 B. Zone 4 C. Zone 1 D. Zone 3 - Answer C. Zone 1 The speed that the gradient coils can turn on and off is called what? A. Maximum gradient peak B. Spatial gradient C. The slew rate D. The rise time - Answer C. The slew rate The FDA limits SAR in the head to what? A. 3.2 W/kg for 10 min B. 4 W/kg for 15 min C. 8 W/kg for 20 min D. 10 W/kg for 15 min - Answer A. 3.2 W/kg for 10 min The B1 field is found where? A. 180 degrees to the B0 B. In the same direction as the B0 C. Varies from scan to scan D. 90 degrees to the B0 - Answer D. 90 degrees to the B0 Emesis after a contrast reaction is considered what? A. An allergic reaction to contrast media B. A non- allergic reaction to contrast media C. None of the choices D. Anaphylaxis - Answer B. A non- allergic reaction to contrast media Which of the following require the minimal MR safety training? A. Level 2 MR personnel B. Level 1 MR personnel C. The patient D. Non MR personnel - Answer B. Level 1 MR personnel Anthrogenic gadolinium can be described as what? A. The influence of gadolinium on patients with renal insufficiency B. When the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in the body C. When gadolinium is found in the water supply D. When the retention of gadolinium in specific tissues is present - Answer C. When gadolinium is found in the water supply What is a quench? A. Not used in MRI B. Rebooting the MR unit C. Moving a patient out of a scanner slowly D. The release of the cryogen from an MR unit - Answer D. The release of the cryogen from an MR unit Which of the following is used to determine renal function? A. D- dimer B. GFR C. Both GFR and D- dimer D. Blood platelet - Answer B. GFR Passive shield is performed how? A. A coil of wire in the MR unit has a current running through it which produces a magnetic field opposing the B0 B. Bricks of permanent magnets are stacked around the MR unit to contain the fringe field C. Nothing is used with passive shielding D. A Magnetically conductive material surrounds the MR unit and this shapes and contains the magnetic field - Answer D. A Magnetically conductive material surrounds the MR An object that produces a weak attractive force in the presence of a strong magnetic field is called what? A. Paramagnetic B. Superparamagnetic C. Ferromagnetic D. Diamagnetic - Answer A. Paramagnetic What is the risks associated with translational force? A. Proximity Heating B. Missile effect C. Peripheral nerve stimulation D. Antenna effect - Answer B. Missile effect Which of the following are considered non allergic reactions to gadolinium contrast media? Select all that apply? A. Headache B. Pain at injection site C. Emesis D. Hives - Answer A. Headache B. Pain at injection site C. Emesis What is the purpose of the static magnetic field? A. To produce currents in tissues containing hydrogen nuclei B. To align hydrogen nuclei parallel and anti parallel to B0 C. To measure the movement of hydrogen nuclei D. To reverse the spin of the hydrogen nuclei - Answer B. To align hydrogen nuclei parallel and anti parallel to B0 Which are true of individuals working in Zone 3? A. Must complete one live or prerecorded lecture in MR safety B. MR screening sheet should be filled out before entering this area C. May be level 1 or 2 personnel D. Perform annual competency in MR safety - Answer A. Must complete one live or prerecorded lecture in MR safety B. MR screening sheet should be filled out before entering this area C. May be level 1 or 2 personnel D. Perform annual competency in MR safety What gradient coil will produce coronal images? A. Z gradient B. All of the choices C. X gradient D. Y gradient - Answer D. Y Gradient Gadolinium contrast will appear how on a T1 weighted image? A. Dark B. Not be seen C. Gray D. Bright - Answer D. Bright Cryogen can escape from the MR room through what? A. Cryogen path B. Control room C. Quench vent D. Door - Answer C. Quench vent