Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition By Taylor-Test Bank, Exams of Nursing

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Sample Test

Chapter 3, Health, Illness, and Disparities

1. The nurse is preparing a care plan for an African American man age 68 years who was

recently diagnose hypertension. Age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance are examples of

what human dimension?

A) Physical

B) Emotional

C) Environmental

D) Sociocultural

Ans: A

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Feedback:

The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and

gender. These components strongly influence a person’s health status and health practices.

The emotional dimension fo on how the mind affects body function and responds to body

conditions. The environmental dimension in influences such as housing, sanitation, climate,

and pollution of food, air, and water. Sociocultural dimens health practices and beliefs

strongly influenced by economic status, lifestyle, family, and culture.

2. The mother of a toddler with asthma seeks support from the parents of other children with asthma. The n recognizes that seeking and utilizing support systems is an example of

which human dimension?

A) Sociocultural dimension

B) Physical dimension

C) Environmental dimension

D) Intellectual and spiritual dimension

Ans: A

Feedback:

Communicating with others and the use of support systems relate to the sociocultural

dimension. An indiv relationship with others, being connected to a community, and feeling

accepted and loved by others are a related to the sociocultural dimension.

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3. A nurse educator uses models of health and illness when teaching. Which model of health and illness pla high-level health and death on opposite ends of a graduated scale?

A) Health-Illness Continuum

B) Agent-Host-Environment Model

C) Health Belief Model

D) Health Promotion Model

Ans: A

Feedback:

The Health-Illness Continuum views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level

wellness and d being on opposite ends of a graduated scale. The Agent-Host-Environment

Model is useful in examining t causes of disease in an individual. The Health Belief Model

describes health behaviors. The Health Prom Model incorporates individual characteristics

and experiences, as well as behavior-specific knowledge an beliefs, to motivate healthy

behavior.

A homeless client has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after

being found unresponsive outside a mall. The client is known to the ED staff as having

bipolar disorder, and assessm

4. reveals likely cellulitis on his left ankle. He is febrile with a productive cough, and the care

team suspects pneumonia. A sputum culture for tuberculosis has been obtained and sent

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to the laboratory. Which of the following aspects of the client’s medical condition would be

considered a chronic condition?

A) Bipolar disorder

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B) Pneumonia

C) Cellulitis

D) Tuberculosis

Ans: A

Feedback:

Bipolar disorder is a long-standing diagnosis that requires the lifelong education and

treatment associate chronic conditions. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cellulitis are all

acute, infectious diseases that may be t with antibiotic regimens of varying length.

5. Which of the following activities related to respiratory health is an example of tertiary

health promotion an prevention?

A) Administering a nebulized bronchodilator to a client who is short of breath

B) Assisting with lung function testing of a client to help determine a diagnosis

C) Teaching a client that “light” cigarettes do not prevent lung disease

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D) Advocating politically for more explicit warning labels on cigarette packages

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Ans: A

Feedback:

The use of medications is characteristic of tertiary health promotion and illness prevention.

Testing and sc are examples of secondary health promotion and illness prevention, while

client education and political a are associated with primary prevention.

An elderly resident of a long-term care facility has developed diarrhea and dehydration as a

result of expo

6. to clostridium difficile during a recent outbreak. The resident’s primary care provider has consequently pr

the antibiotic metronidazole (Flagyl). Which model of health promotion and illness

prevention is most clea evident in these events?

A) The Agent-Host-Environment Model

B) The Health-Illness Continuum

C) The Health Promotion Model

D) The Health Belief Model

Ans: A

Feedback:

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The presence of an infectious microorganism and the act of treating that agent are

associated with the Ag Host-Environment Model of health promotion and illness prevention.

The client’s beliefs about health are central in this scenario, and health promotion and the

pursuit of health are not the most important prioritie

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this active treatment of illness. This client is not being characterized as existing on a point

on a health con

7. The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a male client who has an artificial arm as a result of a s plane crash many years earlier. How should the nurse best understand this

client’s health?

A) Despite the loss of his limb, the client may consider himself to be healthy.

B) The client may be well, but his loss of limb means that he is unhealthy.

C) The loss of his limb prevents the client from achieving wellness, though he may be

healthy.

D) Because the client’s injury is far in the past, it does not have a bearing on his

health or wellness

Ans: A

Feedback:

Individuals who live with chronic conditions, such as the loss of a limb, may accommodate

their condition and consider themselves to be healthy and well. This is not a certainty,

however, and the passage of time not guarantee such acceptance.

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8. What phrase best describes health?

A) Individually defined by each person

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B) Experienced by each person in exactly the same way

C) The opposite of illness

D) The absence of disease

Ans: A

Feedback:

Health is individually defined by each person and is affected by many factors. The most

widely accepted definition of health is that it is a state of complete physical, mental, and

social well-being—not the absenc disease or infirmity. Health is experienced differently by

each person; it is not the opposite of illness, and not indicate the absence of disease.

9. Which of the following most accurately defines “illness”?

A) The inability to carry out normal activities of living

B) A pathologic change in mind or body structure or function

C) The response of a person to a disease

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D) Achieving maximum potential and quality of life

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Ans: C

Feedback:

Illness is the response of a person to a disease, an abnormal process in which one’s level of

function is c when compared with the previous level. A disease (a medical term) means

there is a pathologic change i structure or function of the body or mind. Wellness is a term

used to describe a person achieving maximu potential and quality of life despite disease or

illness.

10. Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness?

A) A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse.

B) The focus of nurses is the person with an illness.

C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy.

D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning.

Ans: B

Feedback:

A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a physician (although nurses with

advanced education increasingly doing so), while nurses focus on the person with an illness.

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A person may have an illness or but still achieves maximum functioning and quality of life,

and considers himself or herself to be healthy. I the response of the person to a disease; it

is an abnormal process in which the person’s level of functioni changed when compared with

a previous level.

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11. A nurse calls in to his unit to report he has the flu and will not be at work. What stage of

illness behavior i exhibiting?

A) Experiencing symptoms

B) Assuming the sick role

C) Assuming a dependent role

D) Achieving recovery and rehabilitation

Ans: B

Feedback:

When assuming the sick role, the person defines himself or herself as sick, seeks validation

from others, gives up normal activities such as going to work. Although the other choices

are stages of illness, they ar defined by the behavior presented.

12. A cleint accepts the fact that he needs bypass surgery for a blocked artery and is admitted

into the hospit Which one of the following stages of illness is this client experiencing?

A) Stage 1

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B) Stage 2

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C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

Ans: C

Feedback:

In Stage 3, assuming a dependent role, the patient decides to accept the diagnosis and

follow the prescri treatment plan. The person conforms to the opinions of others, often

requires assistance in carrying out a of daily living, and needs emotional support through

acceptance, approval, physical closeness, and prote

13. A child age 4 years has leukemia but is now in remission. What does it mean to be in remission when one chronic illness?

A) The chronic disease has been cured.

B) Nothing further can be done in terms of treatment.

C) Severe symptoms of the chronic illness have reappeared.

D) The disease is present, but symptoms are not experienced.

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Ans: D

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Feedback:

Many chronic illnesses have periods of remission and exacerbation. During remission, the

disease is pre the person does not experience symptoms. During exacerbation, the

symptoms of the illness reappear.

14. What may happen to the family when one of the family members suffers an illness?

A) Alterations in values and religious beliefs

B) More public displays of affection

C) Changes in roles for the client and family

D) Increased resistance to stress

Ans: C

Feedback:

When an illness occurs, roles change for both the client and the family. Chronic illnesses

often result in in stress for the family, but responses by all members are individualized.

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15. A baby is born with Down syndrome, which influences his health–illness status. This is an

example of whi

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the following human dimensions?

A) Physical

B) Emotional

C) Environmental

D) Sociocultural

Ans: A

Feedback:

The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and

gender. These components strongly influence the person’s health status and health

practices.

16. Which of the following statements illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on

health and illness

A) “Why shouldn’t I drink and drive? Everyone else does.”

B) “My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I.”

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C) “I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet.”

D) “I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure.”

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Ans: A

Feedback:

Health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by one’s sociocultural dimension,

including lifestyle, f and culture. These factors are involved in patterns of living (such as

drinking and driving) and values abo and illness. Sickle cell anemia involves the physical

dimension; changing one’s diet involves the intellectu dimension; and biofeedback involves

the emotional dimension.

17. A middle-aged woman is 40 pounds over her ideal weight. Which of the following

statements best illustrat effect of her self-concept on health and illness?

A) “I am just too busy with my kids to bother about a diet.”

B) “Why should I lose weight? I’ll still be fat.”

C) “My sister is thin, but I don’t think she looks that good.”

D) “My husband loves me this way.”

Ans: B

Feedback:

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Self-concept is an important variable affecting health and illness. People who are

overweight may believe

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nothing can change the way they look and refuse to follow a diet and exercise program.

18. A camp nurse is teaching a group of adolescent girls about the importance of monthly

breast self-examin What level of preventive care does this activity represent?

A) Primary

B) Secondary

C) Tertiary

D) Restorative

Ans: A

Feedback:

Primary preventive care activities are directed toward promoting health and preventing the

development o disease. Teaching breast self-examination is an example of a primary

preventive care activity.

19. Which of the following models of health promotion and illness prevention was developed to

illustrate how interact with their environment as they pursue health?