Fundamentals of Nursing 9th Ed. Potter|Perry Exam 167Questions and Answers (Latest Update, Exams of Nursing

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According to Benner, an expert nurse goes through five levels of proficiency. Identify them. - CORRECT ANSWERS Novice, Adv. Beginner, Competent, Proficient, Expert What are the ANA Standards of Practice? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Assessment

2. Diagnosis
3. Outcome identification
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaulation Define nursing (according to the American Nursing Association [ANA]) - CORRECT ANSWERS the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations (ANA 2010b) Identify the ANA Standards of Professional Performance - CORRECT ANSWERS Ethics, Education, Evidence-based practice and research, Quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resources, and environmental health nursing's code of ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your clients autonomy - CORRECT ANSWERS independent nursing interventions that the nurse initiates without medical orders caregiver - CORRECT ANSWERS Helps the patient maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence

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advocate - CORRECT ANSWERS protects patient's human and legal rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights educator - CORRECT ANSWERS Explains, demonstrates, reinforces, and evaluates the patient's progress in learning. communicator - CORRECT ANSWERS Is central to the nurse-patient relationship manager - CORRECT ANSWERS Has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit. Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) - CORRECT ANSWERS Four core roles; certified nurse midwife, certified nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, and certified registered nurse anesthetist. Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice. Nurse Practitioner - CORRECT ANSWERS Detects and manages self-limiting acute and chronic stable medical conditions Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) - CORRECT ANSWERS Involves the independent care for women in normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery and care of newborns. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) - CORRECT ANSWERS Provides surgical anesthesia

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Nurse Educator - CORRECT ANSWERS works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments Nursing administrator - CORRECT ANSWERS manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency Nurse Researcher - CORRECT ANSWERS investigates problems to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice How did Florence Nightingale see the role of the nurse in the early 1800s? - CORRECT ANSWERS She saw the role of nursing as being in charge of a patient's health based on the knowledge of how to put the body in such a state as to be free of disease or recover from disease Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWERS Founded the American Red Cross Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - CORRECT ANSWERS Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor Mary Adelaide Nutting - CORRECT ANSWERS Instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Mary Mahoney - CORRECT ANSWERS First professionally trained African American nurse What are the external forces that have affected nursing practice in the twenty-first century - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Nurse's Self-care

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b. Affordable Care Act and rising health care costs c. Demographic changes of the population d. Human rights e. Increased number of medically under-served Explain compassion fatigue: - CORRECT ANSWERS a term used to describe burnout and secondary traumatic stress, which impact the health and wellness of nurses and the quality of care provided to patients. Identify the competencies of the QSEN initiative. - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Teamwork and Collaboration b. Evidence-Based Practice c. Quality Improvement d. Safety e. Informatics Define the term genomics. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describes the study of all the genes in a person, as well as interactions of those genes with each other and with that person's environment. Associate's Degree - CORRECT ANSWERS Emphasizes advanced knowledge in basic sciences and research based clinical courses. Baccalaureate Degree - CORRECT ANSWERS A 4-year program that includes social sciences, arts, and humanities. master's degree - CORRECT ANSWERS Emphasizes research-based clinical practice

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Doctor of Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS Rigorous research and theory development Doctor of Nursing Practice - CORRECT ANSWERS A practice-focused doctorate In-service education - CORRECT ANSWERS instruction or training provided by a health care agency or institution Continuing Education - CORRECT ANSWERS Formal, organized educational programs offered by various institutions. What is the purpose of the nurse practice acts - CORRECT ANSWERS The purpose is to regulate the scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare. The examination of the RN license provides: - CORRECT ANSWERS A standardized minimum knowledge base for nurses The value of certification is: - CORRECT ANSWERS that the nurse may chose to be certified in a specific area of practice by meeting the practice requirements. the goals of any professional nursing organization is to: - CORRECT ANSWERS To improve the standards of practice, expand nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas The factor that best advanced the practice of nursing in the twenty-first century was: - CORRECT ANSWERS Better education of nurses

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Nursing is a combination of knowledge from the physical sciences humanities, and social sciences along with clinical competencies Graduate nurses must pass a licensure examination administered by the : - CORRECT ANSWERS State Board of Nurses Candidates are eligible to take the NCLEX-RN to become registered nurses in the state in which they will practice A group that lobbies at the state and federal levels for advancement of nurses' role, economic interests, and health care is the: - CORRECT ANSWERS American Nurses Association The ANA's purpose is to improve the professional development and general welfare of nurses The Institute of Medicine (2011) vision to transform helth care delivery states that nurses need: - CORRECT ANSWERS a. to practice to the full extent of their education and training b. to achieve high levels of education and training through and education system that provides seamless progression c. to become full partners, with physicians and health care providers in redesigning the health care system d. to improve data collection and information infrastructure for effective workforce planning and policy making Professional standards review organizations (PSROs) - CORRECT ANSWERS Review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care

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Utilization Review (UR) commitees - CORRECT ANSWERS Review the admissions and identify and eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services Prospective Payment System (PPS) - CORRECT ANSWERS Eliminated cost-based reimbursement Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) - CORRECT ANSWERS Hospitals receive a set dollar amount based on an assigned group Capitation - CORRECT ANSWERS providers receive a fixed amount per patient Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs) - CORRECT ANSWERS Method of classification for health care reimbursement for long-term care facilities. managed care - CORRECT ANSWERS provider or health care system receives a predetermined capitated payment for each patient the emphasis of the health care industry today is shifting from managing ________ to managing ________ - CORRECT ANSWERS illness; health of a community and environment Explain what integrated delivery networks (IDNs) are - CORRECT ANSWERS IDNs include a set of providers and services organized to deliver a continuum of care to a population of patients at a capitated cost in a particular setting Primary Care (Health Promotion) - CORRECT ANSWERS • Prenatal and well-baby care

• Nutrition counseling

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• Family planning
• Exercise classes Preventive Care - CORRECT ANSWERS • Blood pressure and cancer screening
• Immunizations
• Mental health counseling and crisis prevention
• Community legislation (e.g., seat belts, air bags, bike helmets) Secondary Acute Care - CORRECT ANSWERS Emergency care, acute medical surgical care, radiologic procedures Tertiary Care - CORRECT ANSWERS intensive care, subacute care restorative care - CORRECT ANSWERS cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation, sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, home care Continuing Care - CORRECT ANSWERS assisted living, psychiatric and older adult day care give some examples of acute care facilities - CORRECT ANSWERS a. Emergency departments b. Urgent care centers c. Critical care units d. Medical-surgical units List the tips on making a referral process. - CORRECT ANSWERS a.Make a referral as soon as possible

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b. Give the receiving provider as much information as possible about the patient. c. Involve the patient and family in the process d. Determine what the care provider receiving the referral recommends for the patient's care. Identify the instructions needed before patients leave health care facilities. - CORRECT ANSWERS a. safe and effective use of medications and medical equipment b. instruction and counseling on food-drug interactions, nutrition, and modified diets c. rehabilitation techniques d. access to appropriate community resources e. when and how to obtain further treatment f. the responsibilities of the patient and families with ongoing health care needs g. when to notify their health care provider for changes in functioning or new symptoms extended care facility - CORRECT ANSWERS Include immediate care and skilled nursing facilities. nursing center - CORRECT ANSWERS 24 - hour intermediate and custodial care assisted living - CORRECT ANSWERS Long-term care setting with greater resident autonomy. respite care - CORRECT ANSWERS Provides short-term relief to the family members who care for the patient.

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Adult Day Care Centers - CORRECT ANSWERS allows patients to retain more independence by living at home Hospice - CORRECT ANSWERS focus of care is palliative, not curative, treatment Accountable Care Organization (ACO) - CORRECT ANSWERS Developed to coordinate medical care by primary care and specialty physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers, with the goal of providing high-quality coordinated care. patient centered medical home (PCMH) - CORRECT ANSWERS Make care for patients more efficient, effective, continuous, comprehensive, patient-centered, and coordinated. Provide patient-centered care - CORRECT ANSWERS Recognize and respect differences in patients' values, preferences, and needs; relieve pain and suffering; coordinate continuous care; communicate with and educate patients. Work in interdisciplinary teams - CORRECT ANSWERS Cooperate, collaborate, and communicate; integrate care to ensure that it is continuous and reliable. Use evidence-based practice - CORRECT ANSWERS Integrate best research with clinical practice, practice in research activities. Apply quality improvement - CORRECT ANSWERS Identify errors and hazards in care; practice using basic safety design principles; measure quality in relation to structure, process, and outcomes; design and test interventions to change processes.

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Use informatics - CORRECT ANSWERS Information technology to communicate, manage knowledge, reduce error, and support decision-making. List the 10 rules of performance in a redesigned health care system. - CORRECT ANSWERS a. care is based on continuous healing relationships b. individualized based on needs and values c. patient is the source of control, participating in shared decision making quality health care - CORRECT ANSWERS the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge The goal of pay for performance programs is: - CORRECT ANSWERS To reward excellence through financial incentives to motivate change to achieve measurable improvements. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) - CORRECT ANSWERS A standardized survey developed to measure patient perceptions of their hospital experience Magnet Status - CORRECT ANSWERS Award given by the American Nurses' Credentialing Center to hospitals that satisfy a set of criteria designed to measure their strength and quality of nursing. Nursing informatics - CORRECT ANSWERS uses information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making

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Globalization - CORRECT ANSWERS increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental, political, and cultural change Health promotion programs are designed to help patients: - CORRECT ANSWERS reduce the incidence of disease, maintain maximal function, and reduce the need to use more expensive health care services epidemiologist - CORRECT ANSWERS a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group There are three components of a community that need to be assessed. Identify them and give and example of each - CORRECT ANSWERS - Structure (geographical boundaries, emergency services, housing, economic status)

• Population (age and sex distribution, growth trends, education level, ethnic and religious groups)
• Social (education and communication systems, government, volunteer programs, welfare system) Example of an intrinsic risk factor for homelessness - CORRECT ANSWERS Living below the poverty line; they are usually jobless and do not gave the advantage of shelter and cope with finding a place to sleep and night and finding food When a community health nurse refers patients to appropriate resources and monitors and coordinates the extent and adequacy of services to meet family health care needs, the nurse is functioning in the role of: - CORRECT ANSWERS Case manager; The coordinating of multiple providers and payers in different settings throughout a patient's continuum of care The first step in community assessment is determining the community's: - CORRECT ANSWERS Boundaries; Observe the community's design, location of services, and locations where the residents meet

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grand theories - CORRECT ANSWERS structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing middle-range theories - CORRECT ANSWERS more limited in scope and less abstract Descriptive theories - CORRECT ANSWERS describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur Prescriptive theories - CORRECT ANSWERS address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences paradigm - CORRECT ANSWERS links science, philosophy, and theories accepted and applied by the discipline Nursing Metaparadigm - CORRECT ANSWERS What nursing is, what it does, and what we do Shared theory explains: - CORRECT ANSWERS A phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory Input - CORRECT ANSWERS Data that comes from a patient assessment Output - CORRECT ANSWERS The end product produced by a system (Whether the patient's health improves, declines, or remains stable)

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Feedback - CORRECT ANSWERS The outcomes reflect the patient's response to nursing interventions Content - CORRECT ANSWERS Information about the nursing care for patients with specific health care problems Nightingale's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS The environment was the focus of nursing care Peplau's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS nurse-patient relationship Henderson's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Help patient perform 14 basic needs through physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains Benner's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS Five stages of skill acquisition of nurses Orem's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS patient's self-care needs Leininger's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS culturally specific nursing care Roy's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS The goal is to help the patient adapt to various domains Watson's Theory - CORRECT ANSWERS trans-personal caring; outcome of nursing activity in regard to humanistic aspects of life; looks for deeper sources of inner healing to protect, enhance, and preserve a person's dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony

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Which model is based on the physiological , sociocultural, and dependence-independence adaptive modes? - CORRECT ANSWERS Roy's adaptation model Nursing metaparadigm includes the following linkages: - CORRECT ANSWERS Person, health, environmental situation Stages of Health Behavior Change: Precontemplation - CORRECT ANSWERS Not intending to make changes within the next 6 months Stages of Health Behavior Change: Contemplation - CORRECT ANSWERS considering a change within the next 6 months Stages of Health Behavior Change: Preparation - CORRECT ANSWERS making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month Stages of Health Behavior Change: Action - CORRECT ANSWERS Actively engaged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6 months Stages of Health Behavior Change: Maintenance - CORRECT ANSWERS sustained change; new behavior replaces old Transcultural Perspective - CORRECT ANSWERS Leininger's concept of care defines care as the essence and central , unifying, and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines. Care is the essential human need and is necessary for the health and survival of all individuals

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Leininger's care theory states that the client's caring values and behaviors are derived largely from:

• CORRECT ANSWERS culture; The central common theme of the caring theories is: - CORRECT ANSWERS The nurse-patient relationship and psycho-social aspects of care For a nurse to effectively listen to the patient, he or she needs to: - CORRECT ANSWERS Maintain good eye contact; Listening involves paying attention to the individual's words and the tone of his or her voice The nurse demonstrates caring by: - CORRECT ANSWERS d. Helping family members become active participants in the care of the patient
• It depends on the family's willingness to share information about the patient, their acceptance and understanding of therapies, whether the interventions fit the family's daily practices, and whether the family supports and delivers the therapies recommended Intersectionality - CORRECT ANSWERS Belonging simultaneously to multiple social groups When providing care to patients with varied cultural backgrounds, it is imperative for the nurse to recognize that: - CORRECT ANSWERS Generalizations about behavior of a particular group may be inaccurate Family structure can best be described as: - CORRECT ANSWERS The pattern of relationships and ongoing membership When planning care for a patient and using the concept of family as patient, the nurse: - CORRECT ANSWERS realizes that cultural background is an important variable when assessing the family

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Interventions used by the nurse when providing care to a rigidly structured family include: - CORRECT ANSWERS Explore with the family the benefits of moving toward more flexible modes of action; Very rigid structures impair functioning Three Levels of Critical Thinking in Nursing - CORRECT ANSWERS Basic - the learner trusts that the experts have the right answers for every problem; thinking is concrete and based on a set of rules or principles Complex - learners begin to separate themselves from experts and analyze and examine choices more independently Commitment - learners anticipate the need to make choices without assistance from others and accept accountability The five steps of the nursing process are: - CORRECT ANSWERS 1) Assessment/data collection

2. Diagnosis - Analysis/data collection
3. Outcome - planning
4. Implementation - intervention
5. Evaluation Intellectual Standards (Critical Thinking) - CORRECT ANSWERS clear, precise, specific, accurate, relevant, plausible, consistent, logical, deep, broad, complete, significant, adequate, and fair

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Professional Standards (Critical Thinking) - CORRECT ANSWERS Ethical criteria for nursing judgments, evidence-based criteria used for evaluation, and criteria for professional responsibility clinical decision making requires the nurse to: - CORRECT ANSWERS Establish and weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for the patient Gathering, verifying and communicating data about the patient to establish a database is an example of which component of the nursing process? - CORRECT ANSWERS Assessment Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns - CORRECT ANSWERS Health perception-health management pattern Nutritional-metabolic pattern Elimination pattern Activity-exercise pattern Sleep-rest pattern Cognitive-perceptual pattern Self-perception-self-concept pattern Roles-relationships pattern Sexuality-reproductive pattern Coping-stress tolerance pattern Values-beliefs pattern Mr. Davis tells the nurse that he has been experiencing more frequent episodes of indigestion. The nurse asks if the indigestion is associated with meals or a reclining position and asks what relieves the indigestion. This is an example of which interview technique? - CORRECT ANSWERS

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Problem seeking; takes information provided in the patient's story and then more fully describes and identifies specific problem areas Review of Systems (ROS) - CORRECT ANSWERS A systematic approach for collecting the patient's self-reported data on all body systems. subjective PES format - CORRECT ANSWERS the three essential components of nursing diagnostic statements including the terms describing the problem, the etiology of the problem, and the defining characteristics or cluster of signs and symptoms A nursing diagnosis: - CORRECT ANSWERS is a statement of a patient response to a health problem that requires nursing intervention The first part of the nursing diagnosis statement: - CORRECT ANSWERS Identifies an actual or potential health problem. It is the diagnostic label that describes the essence of a patient's response to health conditions. The second part of the nursing diagnosis statement: - CORRECT ANSWERS Is connected to the first part of the statement with the phrase "related to" Which of the following is correctly stated nursing diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS Impaired skin integrity related to fecal incontinence; (no medical DX such as ulcer or constipation) Six steps in nurses role when seeking consultation - CORRECT ANSWERS - Identify general problem area

• Direct the consultation to the right professional

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• Provide the consultant with relevant information about the problem area
• do not prejudice of influence the consultants
• be available to discuss the findings and recommendations
• Incorporate the recommendations into the plan of care "The patient will remain free of infection throughout hospitalization" is an example of this kind of goal: - CORRECT ANSWERS Short-term Mastectomy Post-op care care states "Incision site approximated; absence of drainage or prolonged erythema at incision site; and patient remains afebrile." This is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWERS An expected outcome The planning step of the nursing process involves - CORRECT ANSWERS setting goals and selecting interventions Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) - CORRECT ANSWERS A listing of research-based nursing intervention labels that provides standardization of expected nursing interventions. instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) - CORRECT ANSWERS tasks necessary to conduct the business of daily life and also requiring some cognitive competence, such as telephoning, shopping, food preparation, housekeeping, and paying bills Patient adherence - CORRECT ANSWERS patients and families invest time in carrying out required treatments True statements for standing orders - CORRECT ANSWERS - Standing orders are commonly found in critical care and community health settings

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• Standing orders are approved and signed by the health care provider in charge of care before implementation
• With standing orders, nurses have the legal protection to intervene appropriately in the patient's best interest Mrs. Kay comes to the family clinic for birth control. The nurse obtains a health history and performs a pelvic examination and Pap smear. The Nurse is functioning according to - CORRECT ANSWERS Protocol; guides decisions and interventions for specific health care problems or conditions Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) - CORRECT ANSWERS identifies, labels, validates, and classifies nurse-sensitive patient outcomes. It's purpose is to field test and validate the classification and to define and test measurement procedures for the outcomes and indicators using clinical data. The criteria used to determine the effectiveness of a nursing action are based on the: - CORRECT ANSWERS Expected outcomes When a patient-centered goal has not been met in the projected time frame, the most appropriate action by the nurse would be to: - CORRECT ANSWERS Repeat the entire sequence of the nursing process to discover needed changes Magnet Recognition - CORRECT ANSWERS The hospital has clinical promotion systems and research and evidence-based practice programs; nurses have professional autonomy over their practice. Principles of Time Management - CORRECT ANSWERS goal setting, time analysis, priority setting, interruption control, evaluation

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Five Rights of Delegation - CORRECT ANSWERS right task right circumstance right person right direction/communication right supervision/evaluation Five rights of drug administration - CORRECT ANSWERS Right patient Right medication Right dose Right route of administration Right time of delivery Requirements of appropriate delegation - CORRECT ANSWERS - Assess knowledge and skills of the delegate

• Match tasks to the delegate's skills
• Communicate clearly
• Listen attentively
• Provide feedback Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWERS commitment to include patients in decisions Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWERS The best interests of the patient remain more important that self-interest

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Nonmalfeficence - CORRECT ANSWERS Avoidance of harm or hurt Justice - CORRECT ANSWERS fairness; rightfulness Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWERS The agreement to keep promises and the unwillingness to abandon patients Four principles of the Code of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS Advocacy Responsibility Accountability Confidentiality Deontology - CORRECT ANSWERS system of ethics that defines actions as right and wrong based on their "right-making characteristics such as fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice." It does not look at the consequences of actions. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma because: - CORRECT ANSWERS The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong An institutional ethics committee: - CORRECT ANSWERS provides education, policy recommendations, and case consultation Nurse Practice Acts - CORRECT ANSWERS describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state Regulatory Law - CORRECT ANSWERS reflects decisions made by administrative bodies

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Common law - CORRECT ANSWERS Judicial decisions made in courts when individual legal cases are decided Criminal Laws - CORRECT ANSWERS Prevent harm to society and provide punishment for crimes Felony - CORRECT ANSWERS a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death. Misdemeanor - CORRECT ANSWERS A lesser crime than a felony, punishable by a fine or incarceration in jail for up to one year. Civil Laws - CORRECT ANSWERS protect the rights of individuals within our society and provide for fair and equitable treatment Standards of care - CORRECT ANSWERS legal requirements for nursing practice that describe minimum acceptable nursing care Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) - CORRECT ANSWERS Consumer rights and protections Affordable health care coverage Increased access to care Stronger Medicare to improve care for those most vulnerable in our society

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - CORRECT ANSWERS Protects rights of people with physical or mental disabilities Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) - CORRECT ANSWERS When a patient comes to a ED or hospital, an examination must be done within the hospital's capacity. If there is an emergency, the hospital is not to discharge the patient until they are stable. Mental Health Parity Act - CORRECT ANSWERS Strengthens mental health services by requiring patients to obtain insurance Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) - CORRECT ANSWERS requires health care institutions to provide written information to patients concerning their rights under state law to make decisions, including the right to refuse treatment and formulate advance directives Living Wills - CORRECT ANSWERS documents that allow individuals to state what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when their conditions are terminal Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPAHC) - CORRECT ANSWERS a legal document that designates a person or people of one's choosing to make health care decisions when a patient is no longer able to make decisions on his or her own behalf Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA) - CORRECT ANSWERS an individual over the age of 18 has the right to make an organ donation; the person needs to make the gift in writing with his or her signature Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - CORRECT ANSWERS Provides rights to patients (protects individuals from losing their health insurance when changing jobs by providing portability) and protects employees. It also establishes the basis for privacy and confidentiality