Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1 (Potter & Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers (Latest Updat, Exams of Nursing

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Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

Roles of Nurse - CORRECT ANSWERS Autonomy and Accountability Caregiver Advocate Educator Communicator Manager What is Autonomy? - CORRECT ANSWERS Essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of INDEPENDENT nursing interventions without medical orders. (Nurse implements coughing & breathing exercises for post-op patient) Six Standards of Nursing Practice (ANA) - CORRECT ANSWERS Assessment Diagnoses Outcomes Identification Planning Implementation Evaluation Nurses is defined as a profession because nurses: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. perform specific skills (B.) Practice Autonomy C. Utilize knowledge from the medical discipline D. Charge a fee for services rendered Florence Nightingale (1860) - CORRECT ANSWERS First practicing epidemiologist Organized first school of nursing Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals (During Crimean War)

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

Practices remain a basic part of nursing today Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWERS Founder of American Red Cross Tended to soldiers on battlefields Mother Bickerdyke - CORRECT ANSWERS organized ambulance services and walked abandoned battlefields at night, looking for wounded soldiers. Harriet Tubman - CORRECT ANSWERS Prominent female in underground railroad movement to free slaves. Mary Mahoney - CORRECT ANSWERS First professionally trained African American nurse Brought awareness of cultural diversity and respect of individuals regardless of race & religion Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster - CORRECT ANSWERS Opened the Henry Street Settlement which focused on health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in New York City. Mary Nutting - CORRECT ANSWERS Became the 1st Nursing professor at Columbia teachers college in 1906 Mary Nutting (Cont.) - CORRECT ANSWERS As nursing education developed, nursing practice also expanded and the Army and Navy Nurse Corps were established. 1920's graduate nurse midwifery programs began. Professional Nursing specialty organizations seek to: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. Improve standards of practice B. Expand Nursing roles

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

C. Improve the welfare of nurses in specialty areas (D.) All the above What is Culture? - CORRECT ANSWERS Culture refers to the learned, shared, and transmitted knowledge of values, beliefs, and ways of life of a particular group that generally transmits from one generation to another. What is ethnicity? - CORRECT ANSWERS A shared identity related to social and cultural heritage such as values, language, and geographical space, and racial characteristics. 4 characteristics of culture - CORRECT ANSWERS Learned Symbolic Shared Integrated (Language is the most important symbol of a culture) What is Enculturation? - CORRECT ANSWERS When culture is passed from generation to generation. Starting at birth, the child is taught what is expected in terms of familial responsibilities. Characteristics of Ethnicity. - CORRECT ANSWERS Common heritage Cultural similarities/differences Inheritance Cultural Assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS Language preference race; ethnicity cultural, spiritual, religious beliefs dietary needs and restrictions

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

Concepts affecting cultural understanding. - CORRECT ANSWERS Generalization Stereotypes Prejudice Discrimination Race What is Generalization? - CORRECT ANSWERS A statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application. What is a stereotype? - CORRECT ANSWERS A set of fixed ideas, often UNFAVORABLE about members of a group. What is prejudice? - CORRECT ANSWERS Process of devaluing an entire group because of assumed behavior, values, or attributes. de facto discrimination - CORRECT ANSWERS practiced, but not legally sanctioned discrimination. de jure discrimination - CORRECT ANSWERS (legally sanctioned) when a group has different privileges and rights than their counterparts. Forms of Discrimination - CORRECT ANSWERS Unequal access - (ex: Minorities discouraged from living in certain neighborhoods) Exclusion - (ex: Women excluded from upper-management positions) Application of justice - (ex: Jailing homosexuals because of their sexual orientation)

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

What is Acculturation? - CORRECT ANSWERS mechanism of cultural change achieved through the exchange of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups. What is Assimilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS Process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with a second group. (ex: Chinese Buddhist women who immigrates to England and marries English Jewish male) What is Ethnocentrism? - CORRECT ANSWERS The belief that ones own culture is superior to that of another, whiles using ones own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures. Characteristics of Socialization. - CORRECT ANSWERS Family Community School Spiritual/religious What is Cultural Competence? - CORRECT ANSWERS the complex integration of a persons knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills, and encounters with those of people from different cultures. Hand Hygiene - CORRECT ANSWERS Mandatory to prevent spread of microorganisms -Breaks the chain of infection -Surgical hand scrub for surgical procedures Precautions and isolations - CORRECT ANSWERS -Standard precautions for every patient, -transmission precautions: airborne, droplet, and contact precautions -protective isolation for patients who are immunocompromised.

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

Alcohol based products and sanitizers - CORRECT ANSWERS Not to be used when 1 or both hands are visibly soiled Types of precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS -CONTACT - Airborne -DROPLET - Protective Isolation Contact precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS practices used to prevent spread of disease by:

• Direct transmission (contact with patient)
• Indirect transmission (contact with equipment or items in the patients environment) (ex: multidrug- resistant organisms, scabies and herpes simplex virus) Airborne precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS Used when known or suspected contagious diseases can be transmitted by means of small droplets or particles that can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods. Droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS Used when known or suspected contagious diseases can be transmitted through large droplets suspended in the air. Protective isolation - CORRECT ANSWERS used for patients who have compromised immune systems Transmission-based precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible pathogens that require measures beyond standard precautions to interrupt transmission, specifically, airborne, droplet, and contact precautions. EDUCATE THE PATIENT AND FAMILY. Steps to putting on PPE - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Gown

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

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2. Mask
3. Goggles
4. Gloves Steps to taking off PPE - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Gloves
5. Goggles
6. Gown
7. Mask Vital signs - CORRECT ANSWERS Indicate effectiveness of circulatory, respiratory, neural, and endocrine body functions. (Pain is often called the 5th vital sign) Body Temperature Ranges - CORRECT ANSWERS 98.6F to 100.4F 36C to 38C (Elderly is 95F to 97F ) 35C to 36.1C Temperature Sites - CORRECT ANSWERS Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery, esophageal, pulmonary artery Temperature Times - CORRECT ANSWERS lowest temp at 6:00am highest temp at 4:00pm Factors that affect Body Temp - CORRECT ANSWERS Age Exercise Hormone level

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

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Circadian rhythm Stress Environment Temperature altercations Fever (pyrexia) - CORRECT ANSWERS Not harmful if it stays below 39C (102.2F) Adults 40C (104F) Children Fever (pyrexia) Cont. - CORRECT ANSWERS Febrile - The hypothalamus set point drops Afebrile - Diaphoresis assists in evaporation heat loss. When the temperature "breaks" Body metabolism - CORRECT ANSWERS Metabolism increases 10% for every degree Celcius of temperature elevation. (increased metabolism requires extra oxygen) Temperature Altercations - CORRECT ANSWERS Hyperthermia Heatstroke Heat exhaustion Hypothermia HyPERthermia - CORRECT ANSWERS Elevated body temperature related to the body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production Heatstroke - CORRECT ANSWERS (defined as a body temperature of 40° C [104° F] or more)

• depresses hypothalamic function, and occurs from prolonged exposure to the sun or high environmental temperatures.

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

Heat exhaustion - CORRECT ANSWERS occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss HyPOthermia - CORRECT ANSWERS occurs with exposure to cold. (When skin temperature drops below 34C (93.2F) You have delegated vital signs to assistive personnel. The assistant informs you that the patient has just finished a bowl of hot soup. The nurse's most appropriate advice would be to: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. take rectal temperature B. take oral temperature C. advise the patient drink a glass of cold water (D.) wait 30 minutes and take an oral temperature What is Pulse? - CORRECT ANSWERS Palpable bounding of blood flow noted at various points on body.

• Electrical impulses originate from the sinoatrial node (SA Node) Pulse sites - CORRECT ANSWERS temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis Characteristic of pulse - CORRECT ANSWERS Rate Rhythm Strength Quality You notice that a teenager has an irregular pulse. The best action you should take includes: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. reading the history and physical (B.) assessing the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

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C. auscultating for strength and depth of pulse D. asking whether the patient feels any palpations or faintness of breath What is respiration? - CORRECT ANSWERS the mechanism the body uses to exchange gases between the atmosphere and the blood and the cells. Characteristics of respiration - CORRECT ANSWERS Ventilation - Movement of gases into and out of the lungs Diffusion - Movement of oxygen and carbon monoxide between aveoli and red blood cells Perfusion - Distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries Physiological control; hypoxemia Assessment of Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory rate: breaths/minute Ventilatory depth: deep, normal, shallow Ventilatory rhythm: regular/irregular A postoperative patient is breathing rapidly. You should immediately: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. call the physician B. count the respirations (C.) assess the oxygen saturation D. ask the patient is he feels uncomfortable Pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS The difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. Factors affecting blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS cardiac output peripheral resistance

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

(Latest Update 2024/2025)RATED A+

blood volume viscosity elasticity Factors influencing blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS Age Stress Ethnicity Gender Hypertension - CORRECT ANSWERS Systolic > 140 Diastolic > 90 HyPERtension - CORRECT ANSWERS more common than hypotension thickening of walls loss of elasticity family history risk factors HyPOtension - CORRECT ANSWERS systolic < Dilation of arteries loss of blood volume decrease of blood flow to vital organs Orthostatic/postural Measurement of blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWERS Ausculation Ultrasonic Palpation

Perry) Exam 72Questions and Answers

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When assessing the blood pressure of a school-age child, using an adult cuff of normal size will affect the reading and produce a value that is: - CORRECT ANSWERS A. accurate B. indistinct C. falsely low (D.) falsely high