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Fundamentals of Nursing Study Questions and Answers, Exams of Fundamentals of Design

A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering fundamental concepts in nursing. It explores the origin of the word 'nurse', the interrelated roles of nurses, coping with disability and death, the nursing process, nurse practice acts, vital signs, and the criteria for recognizing nursing as a profession. It also delves into the history of nursing, sources of knowledge, types of knowledge, goals of nursing research, reasoning, health, illness, wellness, nursing theory, evidence-based practice, human dimensions, acute and chronic illnesses, stages of illness behaviors, health promotion, maslow's hierarchy of needs, ethical principles, nurse-patient relationships, discharge planning, and vital signs measurements. A valuable resource for students and professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of fundamental nursing concepts.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/20/2024

Nursebrahim01
Nursebrahim01 🇺🇸

358 documents

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FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING STUDY

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

origination of the word "nurse" - CORRECT ANSWER-from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish Interrelated roles of nurses - CORRECT ANSWER- communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator coping with disability and death - CORRECT ANSWER-nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life care, hospice The Nursing Process - CORRECT ANSWER--one of major guidelines for nursing practice

  • helps nurses implement their roles
  • integrates art and science of nursing
  • allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
  • defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing Nurse Practice Acts - CORRECT ANSWER--define legal scope of nursing practice
  • create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
  • define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs
  • established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses 5 vital signs - CORRECT ANSWER-respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain

Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - CORRECT ANSWER--well defined body specific and unique knowledge

  • strong service orientation
  • recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
  • code of ethics
  • professional organization that sets standards
  • ongoing research
  • autonomy and self-regulation Florence Nightingale - CORRECT ANSWER-defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWER-established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James sources of knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER--traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
  • authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived expertise
  • scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research) objective - CORRECT ANSWER-you can see the object subjective - CORRECT ANSWER-coming from that subject types of knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER--science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and occurences that are perceived in world)
  • philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and construct on perception on life)
  • process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)

goals of nursing research - CORRECT ANSWER--improve care in clinical setting

  • study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
  • develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
  • provide evidence-based nursing practice deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas health - CORRECT ANSWER-a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity illness - CORRECT ANSWER-the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning wellness - CORRECT ANSWER-an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health nursing theory - CORRECT ANSWER-differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices evidence-based practice (EBP) - CORRECT ANSWER-a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients

steps in implementing EBP - CORRECT ANSWER-Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision to change Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change human dimensions that compose the whole person - CORRECT ANSWER-physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional acute illness - CORRECT ANSWER-rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis chronic illness - CORRECT ANSWER-slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis stages-of-illness behaviors - CORRECT ANSWER-Stage 1: experiencing symptoms Stage 2: assuming the sick role Stage 3: assuming a dependent role Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation primary health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER-directed towards PROMOTING health and PREVENTING the development of disease processes or injury; example: immunization clinic, family planning services, accident prevention education secondary health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER-focus on SCREENING for early detection of disease with prompt

diagnosis and treatment of any found; example: assessing children for normal growth and development and encourage regular medical, dental and vision exams tertiary health promotion - CORRECT ANSWER-after an illness is diagnosed and treated; example: teaching a patient with diabetes how to recognize and prevent complications, refer woman to support group after removal of breast due to cancer maslow hierarchy of needs - CORRECT ANSWER-provides a framework for nursing assessment and for understanding the needs of patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients' basic human needs Maslows level 1: physiologic needs - CORRECT ANSWER- oxygen, food, water, sex, rest, physical activity; physiologic needs are highest priority Maslows level 2: safety and security needs - CORRECT ANSWER-both physical and emotional components; being protected from potential or actual harm Maslows level 3: love and belonging needs - CORRECT ANSWER-often called higher-level needs; understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love; feeling of belonging; unmet needs produce loneliness and isolation Maslows level 4: self-esteem needs - CORRECT ANSWER- need for a person to feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment, and to believe that others also respect and appreciate those accomplishments; positive self- esteem facilitates the person's confidence and independence Maslows level 5: Self-Actualization - CORRECT ANSWER- acceptance of self and others as they are; each lower level must be met; focus of interest on problems outside oneself;

respect for all people; focus on strengths and possibilities vs problems autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER-respect rights of patients to make health care decisions nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER-avoid causing harm beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER-benefit the patient; balance benefits against risks and harms nurse practice acts - CORRECT ANSWER-each state has its own; protects public with legal scope of nursing practice standards - CORRECT ANSWER-used as guidelines for peer review (ANA) establishing an effective nurse-patient relationship - CORRECT ANSWER--reduce anxiety through therapeutic communication, teaching, and acceptance

  • remember that the patient has concerns and needs other medical ones
  • communicate with the patient as an individual
  • take time to learn about the patient being admitted
  • provide for the family participation in all aspects of care when does discharge planning start? - CORRECT ANSWER-as soon as the patient comes in the door oral temperature for healthy adult - CORRECT ANSWER-37. C, 98.6 F pulse rate for healthy adult - CORRECT ANSWER- 60 - 100 ( average) respirations for healthy adult - CORRECT ANSWER-12 to 20 breaths/min

average blood pressure for healthy adult - CORRECT ANSWER-120/ intermittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours remittent fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few degrees up and down sustained or continuous fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temp remains above normal with minimal variations relapsing or recurrent fever - CORRECT ANSWER-temp returns to normal for one or more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as long as several days rectal temp - CORRECT ANSWER-37.5 C, 99.5 F axillary temp - CORRECT ANSWER-36.5 C, 97.7 F tympanic temp - CORRECT ANSWER-37.5 C, 99.5 F forehead temp - CORRECT ANSWER-34.4 C, 94.0 F heat production - CORRECT ANSWER--primary source is metabolism

  • hormones, muscle movements, exercise increase metabolism
  • thyroid hormone and shivering also increase heat production
  • energy production decreases and heat production increases sources of heat loss - CORRECT ANSWER-skin (primary source), evaporation of sweat, warming and humidifying inspired air, eliminating urine and feces radiation - CORRECT ANSWER-diffusion of heat by electromagnetic waves (such as an uncovered head)

factors affecting body temp - CORRECT ANSWER--circadian rhythms

  • age and gender
  • physical activity
  • state of health
  • environmental temperature pulse is regulated by what? - CORRECT ANSWER-autonomic nervous system through cardiac sinoatrial node parasympathetic stimulation on pulse - CORRECT ANSWER- decreases heart rate sympathetic stimulation on pulse - CORRECT ANSWER- increases heart rate pulse rate - CORRECT ANSWER-the number of contractions over a peripheral artery in 1 minute places you can record a pulse - CORRECT ANSWER- temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis pulmonary ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER-movement of air in and out of lungs diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of lungs and circulating blood perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and tissue cells eupnea - CORRECT ANSWER-normal, unlabored breathing, one respiration to four heartbeats

tachypnea - CORRECT ANSWER-increased respiratory rate; may occur in response to increased metabolic rate bradypnea - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased respiratory rate; occurs in some pathologic conditions apnea - CORRECT ANSWER-periods when no breathing occurs dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER-difficult or labored breathing orthopnea - CORRECT ANSWER-changes in breathing when sitting or standing assessing blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER--listening for korotkoff sounds w/ stethoscope

  • first sound is systolic
  • change or cessation of sound occurs: diastolic pressure
  • brachial artery and popliteal artery are commonly used major classifications of hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER-- primary (essential): characterized by an increase above normal in both systolic and diastolic pressures
  • secondary : caused by another disease condition like kidney disease, aorta disorders, or adrenal cortex disorders diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER-used to increase urinary output beta-adrenergic blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-to block sympathetic stimulation and decrease cardiac output vasodilators and calcium channel blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-to relax smooth muscles of arterioles and decrease peripheral vascular resistance

ACE inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER-to prevent vasoconstriction by angiotensin II and decrease circulatory fluid volume by reducing aldosterone production RACE - CORRECT ANSWER-R: rescue anyone in immediate danger A: activate the fire code and notify appropriate person C: confine the fire by closing doors and windows E: evacuate patients and other people to a safe area jaundice causes - CORRECT ANSWER-yellowish, itchy skin; bilirubin problem and liver not functioning properly eczema - CORRECT ANSWER-red, itchy inflammation of the skin; usually develops in early childhood, more common in people w/ family history; treatment involves avoiding soap and other irritants and applying creams or ointments if prescribed psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER-common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, cells build up rapidly on surface of skin and extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful; chronic, comes and goes wound - CORRECT ANSWER-a break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin and tissues intentional wound - CORRECT ANSWER-the result of planned invasive therapy or treatment ex. surgery, intravenous procedure unintentional wound - CORRECT ANSWER-are accidental; occur from unexpected trauma open wound - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs from intentional and unintentional trauma; skin surface is broken, providing a portal of entry for microorganisms

closed wound - CORRECT ANSWER-results from a blow, force, or strain caused by trauma such as a fall, an assault, or motor vehicle crash acute wound - CORRECT ANSWER-usually heal within days to weeks chronic wound - CORRECT ANSWER-do not progress through stages of healing; healing impeded albumin normal lab values - CORRECT ANSWER-3.5- 5 vitamin c and zinc - CORRECT ANSWER-important in wound healing phases of wound healing - CORRECT ANSWER--hemostasis- vessels constrict and clotting begins

  • inflammatory-white blood cells move to wound
  • proliferation-granulation tissue is formed
  • maturation-collagen is remodeled, forms scar hemostasis - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs immediately after intial injury, blood vessels constrict and clotting begins, exudate(drainage) forms and causes swelling and pain, increased perfusion results in heat and redness, platelets stimulate other cells to migrate to injury to participate in phases of healing inflammatory phase - CORRECT ANSWER-follows hemostasis and lasts 4-6 days, white blood cells move to wound, macrophages enter wound and remain extended time, they ingest debris and release growth factors, pt has generalized body repsonse proliferation phase - CORRECT ANSWER-begins 2-3 days of injury and may last up to 2-3 weeks, new tissue is built to fill wound space through action of fibroblasts, capillaries grow

across wound, thin layer of epithelial cells form across wound, granulation tissue forms a foundation for scar tissue to develop maturation phase - CORRECT ANSWER-final stage of healing, begins 3 weeks to 6 months after injury, collagen remodeled, new collagen tissue is deposited, scar becomes thin white line desiccation - CORRECT ANSWER-dehydration maceration - CORRECT ANSWER-overhydration trauma - CORRECT ANSWER-physical injury edema - CORRECT ANSWER-swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in your body's tissues necrosis - CORRECT ANSWER-death of tissue wound complications - CORRECT ANSWER--infection

  • hemorrhage
  • dehiscence(wound separates) and evisceration(protrusion)
  • fistula formation Dehiscence - CORRECT ANSWER-Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound stages of pressure ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER--stage1: nonblanchable erythema of intact skin
  • stage2: partial-thickness skin loss
  • stage3: full-thickness skin loss; not involving underlying fascia( epidermis and dermis)
  • stage4: full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous)
  • unstageable: base of ulcer covered by slough and/or eschar in wound bed

measurement of pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER--size of wound

  • depth of wound
  • presence of undermining, tunneling, or sinus tract(all on wound bed) when measuring a wound - CORRECT ANSWER-measure from left to right and then top to bottom friction - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when two surfaces rub against each other shear - CORRECT ANSWER-results when one layer of tissue slides over another layer pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER-wound with localized area of injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue fistula - CORRECT ANSWER-and abnormal passage from an internal organ or vessel to the outside of the body or from one internal organ or vessel to another sinus tract - CORRECT ANSWER-a cavity or channel underneath the wound that has the potential for infection cleaning a pressure ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER-clean w/ each dressing change, gentle motions (patting), use 0.9% normal saline solution to irrigate and clean, report any drainage or necrotic tissue serous drainage - CORRECT ANSWER-clear and watery sanguineous drainage - CORRECT ANSWER-blood cells present; looks like blood serosanguineous drainage - CORRECT ANSWER-mix of serum and blood cells; light pink to blood tinged

purulent drainage - CORRECT ANSWER-thick, musty or foul odor, varies in color open drainage system - CORRECT ANSWER-penrose drain; promotes drainage passively closed drainage system - CORRECT ANSWER--Jackson-pratt drain

  • hemovac drain may be connected to an electrical suction or built-in reservoir color classification of open wounds - CORRECT ANSWER--R: red-protect
  • Y: yellow-cleanse
  • B: black-debride
  • mixed wound: contains components of RY&B wounds pain threshold - CORRECT ANSWER-the level at which a person experiences pain pain tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER-the maximum level of pain that a person is able to tolerate acute pain - CORRECT ANSWER-rapid in onset, varies in intensity and duration, protective in nature chronic pain - CORRECT ANSWER-pain that may be limited, intermittent, or persistent but that lasts beyond the normal healing period physiological measures that indicate pain - CORRECT ANSWER-increased blood pressure and pulse meaning of healing - CORRECT ANSWER-mending and getting better from disease

6 classes of nutrients - CORRECT ANSWER-supply energy: carbs, proteins, lipids regulate body processes: vitamins, minerals, water carbs - CORRECT ANSWER--sugars and starches

  • organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • lactose is an animal source
  • most abundant and least expensive
  • classified as simple or complex sugars
  • converted to glucose for transport through blood
  • 50 - 100g needed daily to prevent ketosis protein - CORRECT ANSWER--required for formation of all body structures
  • based on amino acid composition
  • animal proteins are complete, plant proteins are incomplete
  • RDA for adults is 0.8g/kg fats - CORRECT ANSWER--insoluble in water and blood
  • composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
  • most animal fats are saturated
  • most vegetable fats are unsaturated
  • digestion occurs largely in small intestine
  • most concentrated source of energy in diet
  • RDA not established, 20-35% total calorie intake Vitamins - CORRECT ANSWER--organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts
  • most are active in form of coenzymes
  • classified as water soluble or fat soluble
  • absorbed through intestinal wall (small intestine) directly into bloodstream
  • needed for metablolism

minerals - CORRECT ANSWER--inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues

  • some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body processes
  • contained in ash that remains after digestion
  • macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
  • microminerals include iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine water - CORRECT ANSWER--accounts for between 50% and 60% of adults total weight
  • 2/3 of body water is contained within the cells (ICF)
  • the remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids
  • acts as solvent, aids digestion pronation - CORRECT ANSWER-face down; laying on your stomach supination - CORRECT ANSWER-face up; laying on your back (spine) inversion - CORRECT ANSWER-turning foot inward eversion - CORRECT ANSWER-turning foot outward afferent nervous system conveys info to the - CORRECT ANSWER-CNS; going to your brain efferent - CORRECT ANSWER-creates effect and goes to body part from brain the efferent system conveys via - CORRECT ANSWER- somatic nervous system proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense - CORRECT ANSWER-this informs the brain of the location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating special nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and fascia

visual or optic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER-visual impressions contribute to posture by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment extensor or stretch reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER-when extensor muscles are stretched beyond a certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture isotonic exercises - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle shortening and active movement isometric exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle contraction without shortening isokinetic exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle contraction with resistance paresis - CORRECT ANSWER-impaired muscle strength or weakness paralysis - CORRECT ANSWER-absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment hemiparesis - CORRECT ANSWER-weakness of half of the body hemiplegia - CORRECT ANSWER-paralysis one half of the body paraplegia - CORRECT ANSWER-paralysis both legs quadriplegia - CORRECT ANSWER-paralysis of both arms and both legs

anuria - CORRECT ANSWER- 24 - hour urine output is less than 50mL; complete kidney shut down or renal failure dysuria - CORRECT ANSWER-painful or difficult urination frequency - CORRECT ANSWER-increased incidence of voiding glycosuria - CORRECT ANSWER-presence of sugar in the urine nocturia - CORRECT ANSWER-awakening at night to urinate oliguria - CORRECT ANSWER-scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time; 24-hour urine output is less than 400mL polyuria - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive output of urine (diuresis) proteinurea - CORRECT ANSWER-protein in the urine; indication of kidney disease pyuria - CORRECT ANSWER-pus in the urine; urine appears cloudy suppression - CORRECT ANSWER-stoppage of urine production; normally, the adult kidneys produce urine continuously at the rate of 60 to 120 mL/h urgency - CORRECT ANSWER-strong desire to void urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-involuntary loss of urine overflow incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic retention of urine, the involuntary loss of urine associated

functional incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-urine loss caused by the inability to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers, physical limitations, loss of memory, or disorientation reflex incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-experience emptying of the bladder w/o sensation of the need to void total incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER-a continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation dialysis - CORRECT ANSWER-a mechanical way of filtering waste from the blood nursing process for bowels - CORRECT ANSWER--inspection

  • auscultation
  • percussion
  • palpation (deep palpation is performed by advanced medical personal) when listening to bowel sounds - CORRECT ANSWER-start lower right and go up, across and down occult blood in stool - CORRECT ANSWER-blood that is hidden in the specimen or cannot be seen on gross examination direct studies - CORRECT ANSWER-going inside the body ex. colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy indirect studies - CORRECT ANSWER-commonly performed through radiography ex. abdominal ultrasound, MRI, abdominal CT scan, small bowel series, barium enema

constipation - CORRECT ANSWER-dry, hard stool; persistently difficult passage of stool; incomplete passage of stool laxatives - CORRECT ANSWER-drugs that induce emptying of the intestinal tract enema - CORRECT ANSWER-the introduction of a solution into the large intestine, usually to remove feces suppository - CORRECT ANSWER-a conical or oval solid substance shaped for easy insertion into a body cavity and designed to melt at body temperature ileostomy - CORRECT ANSWER-allows liquid fecal content from the ileum of the small intestine to be eliminated through the stoma colostomy - CORRECT ANSWER-permits formed feces in the colon to exit through the stoma ostomy - CORRECT ANSWER-surgical opening from the inside of an organ to the outside stoma - CORRECT ANSWER-the part of the ostomy that is attached to the skin normal stoma - CORRECT ANSWER-red and moist pale stoma - CORRECT ANSWER-shows signs of anemia ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER-deficiency of blood in a particular area hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWER-inadequate amount of oxygen available to cells

eschar - CORRECT ANSWER-thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed before the stage can be determined accurately scale used for predicting pressure sore risk - CORRECT ANSWER-braden scale debridement - CORRECT ANSWER-removal of devitalized tissue and foreign material negative-pressure wound therapy - CORRECT ANSWER- promotes wound healing and wound closure through the application of uniform negative pressure on wound bed, reduction in bacteria in the wound, and the removal of excess wound fluid, while providing a moist wound healing environment; results in mechanical tension on wound tissues, stimulating cell proliferation, blood flow to wounds, and the growth of new blood vessels body mechanics - CORRECT ANSWER-the use of proper body positions to provide protection from the stress of movement and activity negative nitrogen balance - CORRECT ANSWER-results in muscle wasting and decreased physical energy for movement and work; caused by diseases that are characterized by a larger breakdown of protein than that which is manufactured footdrop - CORRECT ANSWER-the foot is unable to maintain itself in the perpendicular position, heel-toe gait is impossible, and patient experiences extreme difficulty in walking; caused by patients feet being in planter flexion position over extended time fowlers position - CORRECT ANSWER-semi-sitting position; head of bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees; used to promote

cardiac and respiratory functioning; provides max space in thoracic cavity; high fowlers the bed is elevated to 90 degrees supine or dorsal recumbent position - CORRECT ANSWER- patient lies flat on the back with the head and shoulders slightly elevated w/ a pillow side-lying or lateral position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient lies on the side and the main weight of the body is borne by the lateral aspect of the lower scapula and the lateral aspect of the lower ilium sims position - CORRECT ANSWER-patient again lies on the side but the lower arm is behind the patient and the upper are is flexed at both the shoulder and the elbow prone position - CORRECT ANSWER-person lies on the abdomen with the head turned to the side; the body is straight in the prone position because shoulders, head, and neck are in erect position, arms are easily placed in correct alignment w/ the shoulder girdle, hips, knees can be prevented from flexing or hyperextending active exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-the patient independently moves joints through their full range of motion (isotonic exercise) passive exercise - CORRECT ANSWER-the patient is unable to move independently, the nurse moves each joint through its range of motion Aims of Nursing - CORRECT ANSWER-1. To promote health

  1. To prevent illness
  2. To restore health
  3. To facilitate coping with disability or death

To promote health - CORRECT ANSWER-State of optimal functioning or wellbeing. not just absence of disease To prevent illness - CORRECT ANSWER-reduce risk for illness. promote good health habits, maintain optimal functioning To restore health - CORRECT ANSWER-Nurse's responsibility to assess & teach levels of prevention To facilitate coping w/ disability or death - CORRECT ANSWER-Nurse's role to provide "comfort" care