Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 Practice Questions: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 Practice Questions: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST 1

PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH 100%

SOLUTIONS 2024 UPDATED GRADED 100%

PASS.

You are preparing a presentation for your classmates regarding the clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. As part of the preparation you have your classmates read the Nursing Code of Ethics for Professional Registered Nurses. Your instructor asks the class why this document is important. Which of the following statements best describes this code?

1. Improves self-health care
2. Protects the patient's confidentiality
3. Ensures identical care to all patients
4. Defines the principles of right and wrong to provide patient care - Solution 4 An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, listens to her lung and heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed?
5. Diagnosis
6. Evaluation
7. Assessment
8. Implementation - Solution 3 A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed?
9. Planning
10. Evaluation
11. Assessment
12. Implementation - Solution 4 A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the

patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and benefits of the surgery to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with them. The nurse is acting as the patient's:

1. Educator.
2. Advocate.
3. Caregiver.
4. Case manager. - Solution 2 The nurse spends time with the patient and family reviewing the dressing change procedure for the patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The nurse is acting in which professional role?
5. Educator
6. Advocate
7. Caregiver
8. Case manager - Solution 1 The examination for registered nurse (RN) licensure is exactly the same in every state in the United States. This examination:
9. Guarantees safe nursing care for all patients.
10. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients.
11. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided.
12. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for an RN in practice. - Solution 4 Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.)
13. Caregiver
14. Autonomy and accountability
15. Patient advocate
16. Health promotion
17. Lobbyist - Solution 1, 2, 3, 4 Match the advanced practice nurse specialty with the statement about the role.
18. Clinical nurse specialist
19. Nurse anesthetist
20. Nurse practitioner
21. Nurse-midwife

a. Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services b. Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice such as adult diabetes care c. Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients who are healthy or have chronic conditions d. Provides care and services under the supervision of an anesthesiologist

• Solution 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. Which of the following models is expected from health care reform? 12

1. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model
2. Moving from an illness prevention to a health promotion model
3. Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model
4. Moving from a chronic care to an illness prevention model - Solution 1 A nurse meets with the registered dietitian and physical therapist to develop a plan of care that focuses on improving nutrition and mobility for a patient. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
5. Patient-centered care
6. Safety
7. Teamwork and collaboration
8. Informatics - Solution 3 A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
9. Patient-centered care
10. Safety
11. Teamwork and collaboration
12. Informatics - Solution 4 Individual psychotherapy, known as the "couch technique", and dream analysis are therapeutic modalities of which theory? a. Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory

b. Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory c. Caplan's Sociocultural Theory d. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory - Solution d The nurses on an acute care medical floor notice an increase in pressure ulcer formation in their patients. A nurse consultant decides to compare two types of treatment. The first is the procedure currently used to assess for pressure ulcer risk. The second uses a new assessment instrument to identify at-risk patients. Given this information, the nurse consultant exemplifies which career?

1. Clinical nurse specialist
2. Nurse administrator
3. Nurse educator
4. Nurse researcher - Solution 4 Nurses in an acute care hospital are attending a unit-based education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education?
5. Continuing education
6. Graduate education
7. In-service education
8. Professional Registered Nurse Education - Solution 3 Which of the following Internet resources can help consumers compare quality care measures? (Select all that apply.)
9. WebMD
10. Hospital Compare
11. Magnet Recognition Program
12. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare
13. The American Hospital Association's webpage. - Solution 2, 4 A nurse is interacting with a client who as part of therapy for a phobic (unrealistic fear) disorder is undergoing a program of systematic desensitization. This therapy is based on which of the following theories? a. Skinner's Behavioral Theory b. Orem's Self-Care Theory c. Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory d. Maslow's Basic Needs Theory - Solution a

A mental health nursing unit institutes a Token Economics system. What is the theoretical basis of the system? a. Freud - mental illness is improved by insight into the past b. Watson - mentally ill clients improve when they are assured the staff cares c. Skinner - privileges or rewards offer positive reinforcement for positive behavior d. Neurobiologic - a medication alters the neurotransmitter level at the synapse - Solution c A man hears at work that there will be layoffs at his company. Later that day, he discusses buying a new car with his wife. Which of the following illustrates the defense mechanism? a. denial b. projection c. rationalization d. displacement - Solution a A client who is often critical of others, accuses other clients of laughing at her. What behavior is the client exhibiting? a. introjection b. identification c. projection d. repression - Solution c Although knowing his credit card balance is at the maximum a man charges a new pair of jeans that cost $40. When his statement shows a balance that is over the credit allowance, he tells his wife, "but they were 50% off and they might sell out before I have the cash". Which defense mechanism is he utilizing? a. reaction formation b. rationalization c. regression d. displacement - Solution b A mother gives her toddler a cookie to stop his whining and crying for a certain cereal in the grocery store. Which analysis of this scenario illustrates a principle of behavioral theory? a. The mother is satisfying the physiological needs of the child as well as the child's development of self-esteem.

b. The mother's desire to stop the child's crying is only based on a need to conform to societal acceptable behavioral norms. c. The child is in the oral stage and the cookie satisfies the child's need for an oral stimulus. d. The cookie is a positive reinforcer of the whining and crying so that the child will whine and cry the next time they go to the store. - Solution d A husband and wife, ages 30 and 33, actively engage in planning for the arrival of their first child. According to Erikson's theory, the husband and wife are mastering which stage of personality development? a. integrity vs despair b. identity vs role confusion c. generativity vs stagnation d. trust vs mistrust - Solution c A nurse is leading a patient education group session about irrational thinking and how it can lead to "learned helplessness". The nurse is demonstrating knowledge of which theorist/theory? a. Beck and Ellis - cognitive theory b. Skinner - behavioral theory c. Peplau - interpersonal theory d. Maslow - human needs theory - Solution a In addition to her contribution of the Interpersonal Theory of Nursing, Peplau described a continuum of what concept? a. the stages of grieving on a continuum of mild to severe b. anxiety levels from mild to panic c. health on a continuum of wellness to death d. nursing experience from novice to expert - Solution b A nurse is especially nice and attentive to a 75-year old female patient who reminds him of his grandmother. According to psychoanalytic theory, the nurse is experiencing which factor that may influence his therapeutic effectiveness? a. transference b. reaction formation c. countertransference d. anticipatory grief - Solution c

A child becomes so angry at his mother for not allowing him to play outside in the rain that he throws his toy truck at the wall. This illustrates which use of the following defense mechanisms? a. reaction formation b. repression c. identification d. displacement - Solution d A 25-year old hospitalized client often breaks into tears and curls up on the chair in group when others confront her about her breaking of unit rules. Which defense mechanism is the client using? a. reaction formation b. regression c. compensation d. denial - Solution b The components of the nursing metaparadigm include:

1. Person, health, environment, and theory
2. Health, theory, concepts, and environment
3. Nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
4. Person, health, environment, and nursing - Solution 4 Theory is essential to nursing practice because it: (Select all that apply.)
5. Contributes to nursing knowledge.
6. Predicts patient behaviors in situations.
7. Provides a means of assessing patient vital signs.
8. Guides nursing practice.
9. Formulates health care legislation.
10. Explains relationships between concepts. - Solution 1,2,4, A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free from clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist's work is the nurse practicing in this example?
11. Henderson
12. Orem
13. King
14. Nightingale - Solution 4 The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes

responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activities. The nurse in this situation is applying the theory developed by:

1. Neuman.
2. Orem.
3. Roy.
4. Peplau. - Solution 2 Match the following types of theory with the appropriate description.
5. Middle-range theory
6. Shared theory
7. Grand theory
8. Practice theory a. Very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context b. Specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the bedside c. Applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice d. Addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice - Solution 1d, 2c, 3a, 4b Match the following descriptions to the appropriate grand theorist.
9. King
10. Henderson
11. Orem
12. Neuman a. Based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease b. Based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes c. Based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently d. Based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care - Solution 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a Match the following description to the appropriate middle-range theory.
13. Benner's Skill Acquisition
14. AACN's Synergy Model
15. Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness
16. Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort a. The nurse strives to relieve patients' distress. b. The nurse progresses through five stages of expertise.

c. The nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness. d. Matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes. - Solution 1b, 2d, 3c, 4a Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct? (Select all that apply.)

1. Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines.
2. Nursing theories are standardized and do not change over time.
3. Integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery.
4. Nursing knowledge is generated by theory.
5. The theory of nursing process is used in planning patient care.
6. Evidence-based practice results from theory-testing research. - Solution 1, 3, 4, 6 A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse best assists the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
7. Roy
8. Levine
9. Watson
10. Johnson - Solution 1 Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
11. Self-actualization
12. Air, water, and nutrition
13. Safety
14. Esteem and self-esteem needs - Solution 2 Which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
15. Biomedical
16. Leadership
17. Psychosocial
18. Developmental - Solution 3 While working in a rehabilitation facility, it is important to obtain nursing histories and develop a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. List in

correct order the phases of Peplau's theory as applied in this setting. The nurse:

1. Ensures that the patient has access to appropriate community resources for long-term care.
2. Collaborates with the patient to identify specific patient needs.
3. Collects essential information from the patient's health record.
4. Works with the patient to develop a plan for resolving patient issues. - Solution 3, 2, 4, 1 Nurses have developed theories in response to: (Select all that apply.)
5. Changes in health care.
6. Prior nursing theories.
7. Changes in nursing practice.
8. Research findings.
9. Government regulations.
10. Theories from other disciplines.
11. Physician opinions. - Solution 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current "evidence-based practice (EBP)"?
12. Grand theory
13. Middle-range theory
14. Practice theory
15. Shared theory - Solution 2 A nurse is preparing to begin intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. Which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
16. Grand theory
17. Middle-range theory
18. Practice theory
19. Shared theory - Solution 3
20. A nurse researcher studies the effectiveness of a new program designed to educate parents to promote the immunization of children. The nurse divides the parents randomly into two groups. One group receives the typical educational program and the other group receives the new program. This is an example of which type of study?
21. Historical
22. Qualitative
23. Correlational

4. Experimental - Solution 4
5. A nurse who works on a pediatric unit asks, "I wonder if children who interact with therapy dogs have reduced anxiety when they are in the hospital." In this example of a PICOT question, which of the following is the O?
6. Children
7. Therapy dogs
8. The pediatric unit
9. Anxiety - Solution 4
10. A nurse researcher wants to know which factors are associated with a person's decision to exercise. The nurse distributes a survey to people who recently joined an exercise wellness program and analyzes the data to determine which factors and characteristics are most significantly linked to the decision to start exercising. Which type of a research study is this?
11. Qualitative
12. Descriptive
13. Correlational
14. Randomized controlled trial - Solution 3
15. A group of nurses have identified that the elderly patients on their unit have a high incidence of pressure ulcers after they have a stroke. During a unit meeting they discuss different interventions that they think may reduce the development of pressure ulcers. What is the nurses' next step to investigate this clinical problem further?
16. Conduct a literature review
17. Share the findings with others
18. Conduct a statistical analysis
19. Create a well-defined PICOT question - Solution 4
20. Arrange the following steps of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the appropriate order.
21. Integrate the evidence.
22. Ask the burning clinical question.
23. Create a spirit of inquiry.
24. Evaluate the practice decision or change.
25. Share the results with others.
26. Critically evaluate the evidence you gather.
27. Collect the most relevant and best evidence. - Solution 3, 2, 7, 6, 1, 4, 5

6. When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an educational program to help patients at home take their medications as ordered, the researcher tells the subjects that their names will not be used and no one but the research team will have access to their information and responses. This is an example of:
7. Bias.
8. Anonymity.
9. Confidentiality.
10. Informed consent. - Solution 3 Nurses in a community clinic have seen an increase in the numbers of obese children. The nurses who care for children are discussing ways to reduce childhood obesity. One nurse asks a colleague, "I wonder what the most effective ways are to help school-age children maintain a healthy weight?" This question is an example of a/an:
11. Hypothesis.
12. PICOT question.
13. Problem-focused trigger.
14. Knowledge-focused trigger. - Solution 3 The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of medication errors on their unit. They decide to evaluate the medication administration process on the basis of data gained from chart reviews and direct observation of nurses administering medications. Which process are the nurses using?
15. Evidence-based practice
16. Research
17. Quality improvement
18. Problem identification - Solution 3 A nursing student is preparing to read the methods section of a research article. Which type of information will the student expect to find in this section? (Select all that apply.)
19. How the researcher conducted the study
20. A description about how to use the findings of the study
21. The number and type of subjects who participated in the study
22. Summaries of other research articles that support the need for this study
23. Implications for future research studies - Solution 1, 3

A group of nurses on the research council of a local hospital are measuring nursing-sensitive outcomes. Which of the following is a nursing-sensitive outcome that the nurses need to consider measuring? (Select all that apply.) 64

1. Frequency of low blood sugar episodes in children at a local school
2. Number of patients who develop a urinary tract infection from a Foley catheter
3. Number of patients who fall and experience subsequent injury on the evening shift
4. Number of sexually active adolescent girls who attend the community- based clinic for birth control
5. Patient-reported quality of life following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and cardiac rehabilitation - Solution 2, 3 Which of the following statements about evidence-based practice (EBP) made by a nursing student would require the nursing professor to correct the student's understanding?
6. "In evidence-based practice the patients are the subjects."
7. "It is important to talk with experts and patients when making an evidence-based decision."
8. "A nurse wanting to investigate the evidence to solve a problem starts by forming a PICOT question."
9. "It is important to ask a librarian for help when searching for literature to help you answer your PICOT question." - Solution 1 A nurse is reading a research article. The nurse just finished reading a brief summary of the research study that included the purpose of the study and its implications for nursing practice. Which part of the article did the nurse just read?
10. Abstract
11. Analysis
12. Discussion
13. Literature review - Solution 1 A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an individualized evidence- based teaching plan on young women's intention to wear sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. In this study which of the following research terms best describes the individualized evidence-based teaching plan?
14. Sample

2. Intervention
3. Survey
4. Results - Solution 2 A nurse researcher wants to conduct historical research. Which of the following ideas for a study could the nurses conduct? (Select all that apply.)
5. Determining the effect of unemployment on emergency room usage
6. Understanding how Clara Barton shaped nursing in America
7. Evaluating the effect of the Vietnam War on nursing leadership and practice
8. Analyzing the evolution of nursing and patient care during recent disasters
9. Investigating barriers to exercise in women who have become mothers in the past year - Solution 2, 3, 4 A nurse researcher is collecting data following approval from the institutional review board (IRB). In which part of the research process is this nurse?
10. Analyzing the data
11. Designing the study
12. Conducting the study
13. Identifying the problem - Solution 3 A nurse hears a colleague tell a nursing student that she never touches a patient unless she is performing a procedure or doing an assessment. The nurse tells the student that from a caring perspective:
14. She does not touch the patients either.
15. Touch is a type of verbal communication.
16. Touch is only used when a patient is in pain.
17. Touch forms a connection between nurse and patient. - Solution 4 Of the five caring processes described by Swanson, which describes "knowing the patient?"
18. Anticipating the patient's cultural preferences
19. Determining the patient's physician preference
20. Establishing an understanding of a specific patient
21. Gathering task-oriented information during assessment - Solution 3

A Muslim woman enters the clinic to have a woman's health examination for the first time. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson's caring process of "knowing the patient?"

1. Sharing feelings about the importance of having regular woman's health examinations
2. Gaining an understanding of what a woman's health examination means to the patient
3. Recognizing that the patient is modest; and obtaining gender-congruent caregiver
4. Explaining the risk factors for cervical cancer - Solution 2 A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recommends a favorite Bible verse. Another nurse tells the patient's nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. The patient's nurse replies:
5. "You're correct; spiritual care should be left to a pastoral care professional."
6. "You're correct; religion is a personal decision."
7. "Nurses should explain their own religious beliefs to patients."
8. "Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health." - Solution 4 Which of the following is a strategy for creating work environments that enable nurses to demonstrate more caring behaviors? (Select all that apply.)
9. Decreasing the number of consecutive shifts of the nursing staff
10. Increasing salary and vacation benefits of the nursing staff
11. Increasing the number of nurses who work each shift to decrease the nurse-patient ratio
12. Encouraging increased input concerning nursing functions from health care providers
13. Providing nursing staff an opportunity to discuss practice changes they can implement to enhance opportunities for patient caring - Solution 3, 5 When a nurse helps a patient find the meaning of cancer by supporting beliefs about life, this is an example of:
14. Instilling hope and faith.
15. Forming a human-altruistic value system.
16. Cultural caring.
17. Being with. - Solution 1

An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of acutely ill patients perceive as important to patients' well-being is:

1. Making health care decisions for patients.
2. Having family members provide a patient's total personal hygiene.
3. Injecting the nurse's perceptions about the level of care provided.
4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient. - Solution 4 A nurse demonstrated caring by helping family members to: (Select all that apply.)
5. Become active participants in care.
6. Remove themselves from personal care.
7. Make health care decisions for the patient.
8. Have uninterrupted time for family and patient to be together.
9. Have opportunities for the family to discuss their concerns. - Solution 1, 4, 5 Listening is not only "taking in" what a patient says, but it also includes:
10. Incorporating the views of the physician.
11. Correcting any errors in the patient's understanding.
12. Injecting the nurse's personal views and statements.
13. Interpreting and understanding what the patient means. - Solution 4 A nurse is caring for an older adult who needs to enter an assisted-living facility following discharge from the hospital. Which of the following is an example of listening that displays caring?
14. The nurse encourages the patient to talk about his concerns while reviewing the computer screen in the room.
15. The nurse sits at the patient's bedside, listens as he relays his fear of never seeing his home again, and then asks if he wants anything to eat.
16. The nurse listens to the patient's story while sitting on the side of the bed and then summarizes the story.
17. The nurse listens to the patient talk about his fears of not returning home and then tells him to think positively. - Solution 3 Presence involves a person-to-person encounter that:
18. Enables patients to care for self.
19. Provides personal care to a patient.
20. Conveys a closeness and a sense of caring.
21. Describes being in close contact with a patient. - Solution 3

A nurse enters a patient's room, arranges the supplies for a Foley catheter insertion, and explains the procedure to the patient. She tells the patient what to expect; just before inserting the catheter, she tells the patient to relax and that, once the catheter is in place, she will not feel the bladder pressure. The nurse then proceeds to skillfully insert the Foley catheter. This is an example of what type of touch?

1. Caring touch
2. Protective touch
3. Task-oriented touch
4. Interpersonal touch - Solution 3 A hospice nurse sits at the bedside of a male patient in the final stages of cancer. He and his parents made the decision that he would move home and they would help him in the final stages of his disease. The family participates in his care, but lately the nurse has increased the amount of time she spends with the family. Whenever she enters the room or approaches the patient to give care, she touches his shoulder and tells him that she is present. This is an example of what type of touch?
5. Caring touch
6. Protective touch
7. Task-oriented touch
8. Interpersonal touch - Solution 1 Match the following caring behaviors with their definitions.
9. Knowing
10. Being with
11. Doing for
12. Maintaining belief a. Sustaining faith in one's capacity to get through a situation b. Striving to understand an event as meaning for another person c. Being emotionally there for another person d. Providing for another as he or she would do for themselves - Solution 1b, 2c, 3d, 4a
13. The nurse is aware that preschoolers often display a developmental characteristic that makes them treat dolls or stuffed animals as if they have thoughts and feelings. This is an example of:
14. Logical reasoning.
15. Egocentrism.

3. Concrete thinking.
4. Animism. - Solution 4
5. An 18-month-old child is noted by the parents to be "angry" about any change in routine. This child's temperament is most likely to be described as:
6. Slow to warm up.
7. Difficult.
8. Hyperactive.
9. Easy. - Solution 3
10. Nine-year-old Brian has a difficult time making friends at school and being chosen to play on the team. He also has trouble completing his homework and, as a result, receives little positive feedback from his parents or teacher. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in:
11. A sense of guilt.
12. A poor sense of self.
13. Feelings of inferiority.
14. Mistrust. - Solution 2
15. The nurse teaches parents how to have their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would be during which of Erikson's stages of development?
16. Trust versus mistrust
17. Initiative versus guilt
18. Industry versus inferiority
19. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt - Solution 3
20. When Ryan was 3 months old, he had a toy train; when his view of the train was blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9 months old, he looks for it, reflecting the presence of:
21. Object permanence.
22. Sensorimotor play.
23. Schemata.
24. Magical thinking. - Solution 1
25. When preparing a 4-year-old child for a procedure, which method is developmentally most appropriate for the nurse to use?
26. Allowing the child to watch another child undergoing the same procedure

2. Showing the child pictures of what he or she will experience
3. Talking to the child in simple terms about what will happen
4. Preparing the child through play with a doll and toy medical equipment - Solution 4
5. Which of the following are examples of the conventional reasoning form of cognitive development? (Select all that apply.)
6. A 35-year-old woman is speaking with you about her recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. She is concerned about her treatment options in relation to her ability to continue to care for her family. As she considers the options and alternatives, she incorporates information, her values, and emotions to decide which plan will be the best fit for her.
7. A young father is considering whether or not to return to school for a graduate degree. He considers the impact the time commitment may have on the needs of his wife and infant son.
8. A teenage girl is encouraged by her peers to engage in shoplifting. She decides not to join her peers in this activity because she is afraid of getting caught in the act.
9. A single mother of two children is unhappy with her employer. She has been unable to secu - Solution 1, 2
10. You are caring for a recently retired man who appears withdrawn and says he is "bored with life." Applying the work of Havinghurst, you would help this individual find meaning in life by:
11. Encouraging him to explore new roles.
12. Encouraging relocation to a new city.
13. Explaining the need to simplify life.
14. Encouraging him to adopt a new pet. - Solution 1
15. Place the following stages of Freud's psychosexual development in the proper order by age progression.
16. Oedipal
17. Latency
18. Oral
19. Genital
20. Anal - Solution 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
21. According to Piaget's cognitive theory, a 12-year-old child is most likely to engage in which of the following activities?
22. Using building blocks to determine how houses are constructed

2. Writing a story about a clown who wants to leave the circus
3. Drawing pictures of a family using stick figures
4. Writing an essay about patriotism - Solution 2
5. Allison, age 15 years, calls her best friend Laura and is crying. She has a date with John, someone she has been hoping to date for months, but now she has a pimple on her forehead. Laura firmly believes that John and everyone else will notice the blemish right away. This is an example of the:
6. Imaginary audience.
7. False-belief syndrome.
8. Personal fable.
9. Personal absorption syndrome. - Solution 1
10. Elizabeth, who is having unprotected sex with her boyfriend, comments to her friends, "Did you hear about Kathy? You know, she fools around so much; I heard she was pregnant. That would never happen to me!" This is an example of adolescent:
11. Imaginary audience.
12. False-belief syndrome.
13. Personal fable.
14. Sense of invulnerability. - Solution 4
15. Which of the following activities are examples of the use of activity theory in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
16. Teaching an older adult how to use e-mail to communicate with a grandchild who lives in another state
17. Introducing golf as a new hobby
18. Leading a group walk of older adults each morning
19. Engaging an older adult in a community project with a short-term goal
20. Directing a community play at the local theater - Solution 1, 2, 4
21. Dave reports being happy and satisfied with his life. What do we know about him?
22. He is in one of the later developmental periods, concerned with reviewing his life.
23. He is atypical, since most people in any of the developmental stages report significant dissatisfaction with their lives.
24. He is in one of the earlier developmental periods, concerned with establishing a career and satisfying long-term relationships.

4. It is difficult to determine Dave's developmental stage since most people report overall satisfaction with their lives in all stages. - Solution 4
5. You are working in a clinic that provides services for homeless people. The current local regulations prohibit providing a service that you believe is needed by your patients. You adhere to the regulations but at the same time are involved in influencing authorities to change the regulation. This action represents ___________ stage of moral development. - Solution Social contract orientation A community nurse in a diverse community is working with health care professionals to provide prenatal care for underemployed and underinsured South African women. Which overall goal of Healthy People 2020 does this represent?
6. Assess the health care needs of individuals, families, or communities.
7. Develop and implement public health policies and improve access to care. 39
8. Gather information on incident rates of certain diseases and social problems.
9. Increase life expectancy and quality of life and to eliminate health disparities. - Solution 4 Using Healthy People 2020 as a guide, which of the following would improve delivery of care to a community? (Select all that apply.)
10. Community assessment
11. Implementation of public health policies
12. Home safety assessment
13. Increased access to care
14. Determining rates of specific illnesses - Solution 1, 2, 4, 5 A nursing student in the last semester of a baccalaureate nursing program is beginning the community health practicum and will be working in a clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the primary focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.)
15. Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community
16. Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma
17. Treat acute asthma attack in the hospital
18. Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools

5. Provide scheduled immunizations to people who come to the clinic - Solution 1, 2, 4 The nurse caring for a Bosnian community identifies that the children are undervaccinated and the community is unaware of resources. The nurse assesses the community and determines that there is a health clinic within a 5-mile radius. The nurse meets with the community leaders and explains the need for immunizations, the location of the clinic, and the process of accessing health care resources. Which of the following practices is the nurse providing? (Select all that apply.)
6. Providing community resources for the children
7. Teaching the community about health promotion and illness prevention
8. Promoting autonomy in decision-making about health practices
9. Improving the health care of the community's children
10. Participating in professional development activities to maintain nursing competency - Solution 1, 2, 4 Vulnerable populations of patients are those who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of:
11. Chronic diseases, homelessness, and poverty
12. Poverty and limits in access to health care services
13. Lack of transportation, dependence on others for care, and homelessness
14. Excess risks, limits in access to health care services, and dependency on others for care - Solution 4 Which of the following are major public health problems commonly affecting older adults? (Select all that apply.)
15. Substance abuse
16. Confusional states
17. Financial limitations
18. Communicable diseases
19. Acute and chronic physical illnesses - Solution 1, 2, 3, 5 Following a community assessment that focused on adolescent health behaviors, a nurse determines that a large number of adolescents smoke and designs a smoking cessation program at the youth community center. This is an example of which nursing role:
20. Educator
21. Counselor

3. Collaborator
4. Case manager - Solution 2 A nurse in a community health clinic noticed an increase in the number of positive tuberculosis (TB) skin tests from students in a local high school during the most recent academic year. After comparing these numbers to the previous years, 10% increase in positive tests was found. The nurse contacts the school nurse and the director of the health department. Together they begin to expand their assessment to all students and employees of the school district. The community nurse was acting in which nursing role(s)? (Select all that apply.)
5. Epidemiologist
6. Counselor
7. Collaborator
8. Case manager
9. Caregiver - Solution 1, 3 A nursing student is giving a presentation to a group of other nursing students about the needs of patients with mental illnesses in the community. The nursing professor needs to clarify the student's presentation when the student states:
10. "Many patients with mental illness do not have a permanent home."
11. "Unemployment is a common problem experienced by people with a mental illness."
12. "The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings."
13. "Patients with mental illnesses are often at a higher risk for abuse and assault." - Solution 3 The nurse in a new community-based clinic is requested to complete a community assessment. Order the steps for completing this assessment.
14. Structure or locale
15. Social systems
16. Population - Solution 1, 3, 2 On the basis of an assessment, the nurse identifies an increase in the immigrant population group in the community. How would the nurse determine the health needs of this population? (Select all that apply.)
17. Identify what the immigrant population views as the two most important health needs.

2. Apply information from Healthy People 2020.
3. Determine how the population uses available health care resources.
4. Determine which health care agencies will accept immigrant populations.
5. Identify perceived barriers for health care. - Solution 1, 2, 3, 5 A patient is worried about her 76-year-old grandmother who is in very good health and wants to live at home. The patient's concerns are related to her grandmother's safety. The neighborhood does not have a lot of crime. Using this scenario, which of the following are the most relevant to assess for safety?
6. Crime rate, locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic
7. Lighting, locks, clutter, medications
8. Crime rate, medications, support system, clutter
9. Locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic, crime rate - Solution 2 The public health nurse is working with the county health department on a task force to fully integrate the goals of Healthy People 2020. In the immigrant community most of the population does not have a primary care provider, nor do they participate in health promotion activities; the unemployment rate in the community is 25%. How does the nurse determine which goals need to be included or updated? (Select all that apply.)
10. Assess the health care resources within the community.
11. Assess the existing health care programs offered by the county health department.
12. Compare existing resources and programs with Healthy People 2020 goals.
13. Initiate new programs to meet Healthy People 2020 goals.
14. Implement educational sessions in the schools to focus on nutritional needs of the children. - Solution 1, 2, 3 Some nurses are collecting data to determine how many adolescents attempt suicide in a community. This is an example of what type of community assessment data? - Solution Incident rates Many older homes in a neighborhood are undergoing a lot of restoration. Lead paint was used. The community clinic in the neighborhood is initiating a lead screening program. This activity is based on which social determinant of health? - Solution Physical environment

A nurse is conducting a home visit with an older-adult couple. While in the home the nurse weighs each individual and reviews the 3-day food diary with them. She also checks their blood pressure and encourages them to increase their fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow?

1. Physiological
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-actualization - Solution 1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health? 1 Being free from illness or injury 2 Complete physical, mental, and social well-being 3 Absence of symptoms and signs with normal lab reports 4 Total absence of all diseases, disorders, and syndromes - Solution 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is not only the state of being free from illness or injury or the absence of signs and symptoms. Health does not refer to the state of total absence of all diseases, disorders, and syndromes but also includes components of mental health and spiritual health. The nurse has conducted an immunization program for physically challenged children in a rehabilitation center. Pneumonia vaccine was administered to the children as a part of the program. Which level of prevention is this? 1 Primary 2 Tertiary 3 Secondary 4 Early diagnosis - Solution 1 Primary prevention includes measures taken before the occurrence of a medical problem. For example, vaccinations are given to children or adults to prevent a disease from occurring; thus, vaccinations come under the realm of primary prevention. Tertiary prevention is required when there is a permanent disability. Secondary prevention includes early diagnosis, treatment, and disability limitation.