Gastrointestinal Disorders: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Exams of Nursing

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ATI GI Disorders

peptic ulcer disease - correct answer ✔✔-sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine -erosion(gradual destruction) of the mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum= precipitate bleeding and perforation peptic ulcer disease cause & risk factors - correct answer ✔✔-h pylori infection -NSAID & corticosteroid use -smoking -severe stress peptic ulcer disease s&s - correct answer ✔✔-upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain) -dyspepsia: heartburn, bloating peptic ulcer disease diagnostic test - correct answer ✔✔-(EGD) esophagogastroduodenoscopy -h pylori testing -hgb, hct peptic ulcer disease treatment - correct answer ✔✔-surgery: vagotomy, gastroectomy -antibiotics: amoxicillin -PPIs : pantoprazole -histamine 2 receptor antagonists: famotidine (pepcid) -antiacids: magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag) peptic ulcer disease complications - correct answer ✔✔-perforation/hemorrhage -pernicious anemia -dumping syndrome (weakness, abdominal discomfort, and sometimes abnormally rapid bowel evacuation)

gastritis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of the lining in the stomach gastritis risk factors & causes - correct answer ✔✔-h.pylori -excessive stress -autoimmune disease gastritis s&s - correct answer ✔✔-upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain) -dyspepsia -nausea & vomiting gastritis diagnostic test - correct answer ✔✔-upper endoscopy esophagogastroduodenscopy (EGD) -hgb <12g/dL -c13 urea breath test gastritis treatment - correct answer ✔✔-surgery: vagotomy, gastroectomy -antibiotics: amoxicillin -PPIs : pantoprazole -histamine 2 receptor antagonists: famotidine (pepcid) -antiacids: magnesium hydroxide (milk of mag) gastritis complications - correct answer ✔✔-gastric bleeding -pernicious anemia -dumping syndrome (weakness, abdominal discomfort, and sometimes abnormally rapid bowel evacuation) GERD - correct answer ✔✔gastric content and enzyme leaks back into the esophagus = irritating esophagus lining = delaying clearance

esophageal varices diagnostic tests - correct answer ✔✔-endoscopy -liver function test -TIPS Transjugular Intraheptic Portosystemic Shunt esophageal varices treatment - correct answer ✔✔-surgery: bypass -vasoconstrictor: vasopressin (desmopressin) -nonselective beta blocker: propranolol (inderal) esophageal varices complications - correct answer ✔✔hypovolemic shock irritable bowel syndrome - correct answer ✔✔disorder of GI systems = changes in bowel function irritable bowel syndrome risk factors & causes - correct answer ✔✔-stress -caffeine, alcohol -female gender irritable bowel syndrome s&s - correct answer ✔✔-abdomen cramping/pain -diarrhea/constipation -belching (burp) irritable bowel syndrome diagnostic test - correct answer ✔✔-serum albumin -ESR -occult stools irritable bowel syndrome treatment - correct answer ✔✔-avoid caffeine -alsoetron (lotronex) -lubiprostone (amitiza) irritable bowel syndrome complication - correct answer ✔✔hemorrhoid aggravation

intestinal obstruction - correct answer ✔✔-blockage that keeps food or liquid from passing through your small intestine or large intestine (colon) -mechanical 90% -nonmechanical 10% intestinal obstruction risk factors/causes - correct answer ✔✔-mechanical: hernia, tumors -nonmechanical: neurogenic/vascular disorders intestinal obstruction s&S - correct answer ✔✔-obstipation (severe or complete constipation) -abdominal distention -high pitch bowel sounds intestinal obstruction diagnostic test - correct answer ✔✔-ct scan -endoscopy -x ray intestinal obstruction treatment - correct answer ✔✔-ng tube -surgery: exploratory laparotomy -octreotide (sandostatin) intestinal obstruction complications - correct answer ✔✔-dehydration -electrolyte imbalance -metabolic alkalosis inflammatory bowel disease - correct answer ✔✔chronic inflammation of part or all of the digestive tract inflammatory bowel disease risk factors/causes - correct answer ✔✔-autoimmunity

cholecystitis & cholethiasis diagnostic tests - correct answer ✔✔-HIDA hepatobiliary scan -PTC percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography -elevated wbc cholecystitis & cholethiasis treatment - correct answer ✔✔-bile acids: chenodiol -ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy -cholecystectomy cholecystitis & cholethiasis complications - correct answer ✔✔-bile duct obstruction -bile peritonitis -PCS postcholecystectomy pancreatitis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of the pancreas pancreatitis risk factors & causes - correct answer ✔✔-Alcohol -bile tract disease -GI surgery pancreatitis s&s - correct answer ✔✔-upper abdominal pain (epigastric pain) -steatorrhea -vomiting pancreatitis diagnostic tests - correct answer ✔✔-WBC elevated -Decreased calcium & magnesium -CT pancreatitis treatment - correct answer ✔✔-rest pancreas: NPO -opioid analgesics: morphine sulfate -cholecystectomy

pancreatitis complications - correct answer ✔✔-hypovolemia -pancreatic infection -coagulation defects hepatitis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of liver cells hepatitis risk factors & causes - correct answer ✔✔-viral or toxic agent -contaminated food or water -unprotected sex hepatitis s&s - correct answer ✔✔-fever -vomiting -dark colored urine hepatitis diagnostic tests - correct answer ✔✔-ELISA (hep c) -total bilirubin elevated -liver biopsy hepatitis treatment - correct answer ✔✔-medications -high carb, high cal, low-mod fat, low-mod protein -limit client activity hepatitis complications - correct answer ✔✔-chronic hepatitis -fluminating hepatitis -cirrhosis of the liver cirrhosis - correct answer ✔✔scarring of the liver