Gastrointestinal Nursing Interventions, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Gastrointestinal Nursing Interventions and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! Pathophysiology Exam 3: ALL GI Practice EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER A patient returns to the surgical unit with nasogastric tube to low intermittent suction, IV fluids, and a Jackson-Pratt drain at the surgical site following an exploratory laparotomy and repair of a bowel perforation. Four hours after admission, the patient experiences nausea and vomiting. What is a priority nursing intervention for the patient? - answer>>>Check the amount and character of gastric drainage and the patency of the NG tube A postoperative patient has a nursing diagnosis of pain related to effects of medication and decreased GI motility as evidenced by abdominal pain and distention and inability to pass flatus. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this patient? - answer>>>Ambulate the patient more frequently A 22yo patient calls the outpatient clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting and right lower abdominal pain. What should the nurse advise the patient to do? - answer>>>Have the symptoms evaluated by a health care provider right away When caring for a patient with irritable bowel syndrome, What is most important for the nurse to do? - answer>>>Develop a trusting relationship with the patient to provide support and symptomatic care A patient with a gunshot wound to the abdomen complains of increasing abdominal pain several hours after surgery to repair the bowel. What action should the nurse take first? - answer>>>Take the patient's vital signs The patient has persistent and continuous pain at McBurney's point. The nursing assessment reveals rebound tenderness and muscle guarding with the patient preferring to lie still with the right leg flexed. What should the nursing interventions for this patient include? - answer>>>NPO status in preparation for possible appendectomy The patient has peritonitis, which is a major complication of appendicitis. What treatment will the nurse plan to include? - answer>>>IV fluid replacement a 20yo patient with history of Crohn's disease comes to the clinic with persistent diarrhea. What are characteristics of Crohn's disease? - answer>>>-weight loss -abdominal pain -has segmented distribution -involves the entire thickness of the bowel wall What laboratory finding are expected in ulcerative colitis as a result of diarrhea and vomiting? - answer>>>Decreased Na, K, Mg, Cl, and HCO3 What extraintestinal manifestations are seen in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease? - answer>>>Erythema nodosum and osteoporopsis For the patient hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease, which treatment would be used to rest the bowel? - answer>>>-NPO -IV fluids -Nasogastric suction - Parenteral nurtition The medications prescribed for the patient with inflammatory bowel disease include cobalamin and iron injections. What is the rationale for using these drugs? - answer>>>Correct malnutrition The patient is receiving the following medications. Which one is prescribed to relieve symptoms rather than threat a disease? - answer>>>Antidiarrheal agents A patient with uclerative colitis undergoes the first phase of total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and anal anastomosis. On postoperative assessment of the patient, what should the nurse expect to find ? - answer>>>A loop ileostomy with plastic rod to hold it in place An 82yo man is admitted with an acute attack of divericulitis. What should the nurse include in his care? - answer>>>Monitor for signs of peritonitis The patient calllls the clinic and describes a bump at the site of a previous incision that disappears when he lies down. The nurse suspects that this is which type of hernia? - answer>>>-Ventral -Reducible The patient asks the nurse why she needs to have surgery for a femoral. strangulated hernia. What is the best explanation the nurse can give the patient? - answer>>>The surgery is needed to allow intestinal flow and prevent necrosis What is a nursing intervention that is indicated for a male patient following an inguinal herniorrhaphy? - answer>>>Elevating the scrotum with a scrotal support How is the most common form of malabsorption syndrome treated? - answer>>>Avoidance of milk and milk products A patient is diagnosed with celiac disease following a workup for iron-deficiency anemia and decreased bone density. The nurse identifies that additional teaching about disease management is needed when the patient makes which statement? - answer>>>"I don't need to restrict gluten intake because I don't have diarrhea or bowel symptoms" Which patient is mostly likely to be diagnosed with short bowel syndrome? - answer>>>Had extensive resection of the ileum The patient asks the nurse to explain what the physician meant when he said the patient has an anorectal abscess. Which description should the nurse use to explain this to the patient? - answer>>>Collection of perianal pus A 60yo African American patient is afraid she might have anal cancer. What assessment finding puts her at high risk for anal cancer? - answer>>>Human papillomavirus (HPV) Following a hemorrhoidactomy, what should the nurse advise the patient to do? - answer>>>Take warm sitz baths several times a day to promote comfort and cleaning What physiologically occurs with vomiting? - answer>>>Immediately before the act of vomiting, activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased salivation, increased gastric motility, and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Which laboratory findings should the nurse expect in the patient with persistent vomiting? - answer>>>increased pH, decrease potassium, increased hematocrit A patient who has been vomiting for several days from an unknown cause is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse anticipate will be included in collaborative care? - answer>>>IV replacement of fluid and electrolytes A patient treated for vomiting is to begin oral intake when the symptoms have subsided. To promote rehydration, the nurse plans to administer which fluid first? - answer>>>Water Ondansetron (Zofran) is prescribed for a patient with cancer chemotherapy- induced vomiting . What should the nurse understand about this drug? - answer>>>It relieves vomiting centrally by action n the vomiting center and peripherally by promoting gastric emptying Older patients may have cardiac or renal insufficiency and may be more susceptible to problems from vomiting and antiemetic drug side effects. What nursing intervention is most important to implement with these patients? - answer>>>Do hourly visual checks or use a sitter to keep the patient safe What are characteristic of gingivitis - answer>>>Formation of abscesses with loosening of teeth Which infection or inflammation is found related to systemic disease and cancer chemotherapy? - answer>>>Stomatitis patient is scheduled for biopsy of a painful tongue ulcer. Based on knowledge of risk factors for oral cancer, what should the nurse specifically ask the patient about during a history? - answer>>>Use of any type of tobacco products When caring for a patient following a glossectomy with dissection of the floor of the month and radical neck dissection for cancer of the tongue, what is the nurse's primary concern? - answer>>>Patent airway A patient with oral cancer has a history of heavy smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and personal neglect. During the patient's early postoperative course, what does the nurse anticipate that the patient may need? - answer>>>Drug therapy to prevent substance withdrawal symptoms The nurse is planning to teach the patient with GERD about foods or beverages that decrease LES pressure, What should be included in the list? - answer>>>Alcohol Chocolate Fatty foods Cola sodas How should the nurse teach the patient with hiatal hernia or GERD to control symptoms? - answer>>>Sleep with the head of the bed elevated on 4- to 6-inch blocks A patient with esophageal cancer is scheduled for a partial esophagectomy. Which nursing intervention is likely to be of highest priority preoperatively? - answer>>>Encourage a high- calorie, high-protein diet Following a patient's esophagogastrostomy for cancer of the esophagus, what is most important for the nurse to do? - answer>>>Maintain the patient in semi-Folwer's or Folwer's position Which esophageal disorder is described as a precancerous lesion associated with GERD? - answer>>>Barrett's esophagus Following a billroth II procedure, a patient develops dumping syndrome. The nurse should explain that the symptoms associated with this problem are caused by - answer>>>movement of fluid into the small bowel because concentrated food and fluids move rapidly into the intestine Which statement by patient with dumping syndrome should lead the nurse to determine that further dietary teaching is needed? - answer>>>"I should eat bread and jam with every meal." While caring for a patient following a subtotal gastrectomy with a gastroduodenostomy anastomosis, the nurse determines that the NG tube is obstructed. Which action should the nurse take first? - answer>>>Notify the surgeon to reposition or replace the tube A patient with cancer of the stomach at the lesser curvature undergoes a total gastrectomy with an esophagojejunostomy. Postoperatively, what should the nurse teach the patient to expect? - answer>>>Lifelong administration of cobalamin What type of bleeding will a patient with peptic ulcer disease with a slow upper GI source of bleeding have? - answer>>>Melena A patient is admitted to the emergency department with profuse bright-red hematemesis. During the initial care of the patient, what is the nurse's first priority? - answer>>>Perform a focused nursing assessment of the patient's status A patient with upper GI bleeding is treated with several drugs. Which drug should the nurse recognize as an agent that is used to decrease bleeding and decrease gastric acid secretions? - answer>>>Octreotide (Sandostatin) What should the nurse emphasize when teaching patients at risk for upper GI bleeding is effective when assessment and laboratory findings reveal which result? - answer>>>Decreasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) A large number of children at a public school have developed profuse diarrhea and bloody stools. The school nurse suspects food poisoning related to food from the school cafeteria and requests analysis and culture of which food? - answer>>>Ground beef The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when a patient with acute infectious diarrhea makes which statement? - answer>>>"I may use over-the-counter Imodium or Parepectolin when I need to control the diarrhea" What is the most important thing the nurse should do when caring for a patient who has contracted C. diff? - answer>>>Wear gloves and wash hands with soap and water In instituting a bowel training program for a patient with fecal incontinence, what should the nurse first plan to do? - answer>>>Assist the patient to the bathroom at the time of the patient' s normal defecation A nurse is doing a nursing assessment on a patient with chronic constipation. What data obtained during the interview may be a factor contributing to the constipation? - answer>>>Suppressing the urge to defecate while at work The nurse should teach the patient with chronic constipation that which food has the highest dietary fiber? - answer>>>Dried beans Which method is preferred for immediate treatment of an acute episode of constipation - answer>>>An enema A patient is admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement first? - answer>>>Measurement of the vital signs When considering the following causes of acute abdomen, the nurse should know that surgery would be indicated for - answer>>>-Acute ischemic bowel -Ruptured ectopic pregnancy -Foreign-body perforation -Ruptured abdominal aneurysm