General Psychology - Final Exam Study Guide | PSY 2012, Study notes of Psychology

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PSY 2012 Final Study Guide:

1. Know what is meant by the spacing effect and how it applies to learning. Longer between practice the better the retention later
2. Define memory.
3. Know the difference between short-term and long-term memory.
4. Know what the "Spacing effect" is. Know how it related to distributed learning vs. massed learning.
5. Identify how the "self-reference effect" can be used to help learning.
6. Know what is meant by the "Magical Number 7."
7. Be able to identify an example of the misinformation effect. Know how it can affect eyewitness testimony.
8. Know the most common response to a traumatic event: is it repression?-unlikely to happen
9. Define "hindsight bias."
10. Know what is meant by "parsimony."
11. Know why theories can be disproven, but cannot be proven.
12. Know that correlation does not imply causation.
13. Be able to identify a classical conditioning scenario.
14. Be able to identify an operant conditioning scenario.
15. Identify an example of positive reinforcement.
16. Know what kind of consequence (punishment vs. reward) is most likely to produce the desired behavior.
17. Know what is meant by a “social model”.
18. Identify what happened during the "Bobo Doll" studies.
19. Explain the difference between the brains of juveniles and adults (in people and animals).-more plasticity
20. Know what a neural network is- cluster of neurons that make fast connections with each other
21. Define epigenetic- the study of how the environment influences genes, genes switch on or off depending on the environment
22. Know the results of the “thwarted Baby” Study and what they imply. Parents gender stereotype the baby’s emotions. Boys were angry when made mad and girls were feeling hurt and sad. Really it was the same baby but given a different name in the experiment when asking parents. Stereotyped the baby’s emotions depending on its gender.
23. Identify the physiological effects of an enriched environment. Environment changes the brain, strengthens synaptic connections. Impoverished environment equals small connections, enriched environment makes better connections between synaptic connections.
24. Explain what fixation is
25. Identify example of the represetativenss heuristic

26. Know what framing is. How can it be used to influence people?

27. Define belief bias.

28. What is belief perseverance? How can you guard against it?

29. What are some ways in animals’ cognition is similar to human cognition? In what way is

human cognition special?

30. In the video shown in class, Panbanisha the bonobo chimp does something that is

surprising to researchers. What does Panbanisha do?

31. 5 tastes
32. 3 things that label a behavior as a disorder
33. What is the fundamental attribution error?
34. Identify examples of situational and dispositional attributions.
35. Can our actions modify our attitudes? Which theory explains this best?
36. What is the just world phenomenon? How does it contribute to prejudice?
37. Know what the rods and cones are
38. Function of the retina-light sensitive inner eye that processes visual info.

39. Results of the Milgram studies, what happened, when were people least likely to go all the way?- People will act with authority and force to others when told to do so. Participants would fatally shock others after being told to administer to shock
40. REM Sleep- also known as paradoxical sleep because your muscles are relaxed but nervous system is very active
41. Correlation doesn’t imply causation
42. Framing- how issue is worded and over come it by thinking opposite
43. Know what a placebo is and what the placebo effect is
44. Know about recall and recognition and how they relate to retrievel cues
45. Be able to identify an example of the misinformation effect, how it can affect eyewitness testimony
46. Know the most common response to traumatic events- is it repression? etched on the mind as persistent, haunting memories
47. Change blindness Review Stress and Health Notes = 50 questions.