General Psychology Midterm Exam Chapters 1-8, Exams of Psychology

Download General Psychology Midterm Exam Chapters 1-8 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! General Psychology Midterm Exam Chapters 1- 8 Critical thinking is __________________. - B. Applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information. Which of the following defines hypothesis? - C. tentative explanation. Psychology refers to the _________________. - C. scientific study of the mind. Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ____________________. - C. the mind and behavior. According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ____________. - C. study the function of behavior. What is Abraham Maslow best known for? - C. proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior. A(n) _________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. - D. theory Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head. - A. case study. In a ___________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. - B. double-blind Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? - B. experimental Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? - C. naturalistic observation A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) _______________ design. - C. longitudinal _______________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships. - A. archival Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the __________________ that contributes to certain behaviors. - A. biology A difference in ______________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives. - C. genetics __________________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. - C. learning Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events? - A. classical conditioning Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called _____________ learning. - B. latent Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning. - B. observational From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________. - C. thinking ______________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. - B. concepts A(n) _______________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts. - D. schema __________________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgement, language, and memory. - A. cognition A(n) ____________ schema is also known as a cognitive script. - B. event What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time? - C. memory Encoding information occurs through ________. - A. automatic processing and effortful processing The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ____________ encoding. - C. semantic _________________ encoding is the encoding of images. - D. visual ____________ encoding is the encoding of sounds. - A. acoustic The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________________. - C. retrieval What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? - D. sensory Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories? - D. suggestibility What is episodic memory? - A. information about events we have personally experienced