Genetics Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Verified Answers. Graded A+, Exams of Genetics

Download Genetics Final Exam 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Verified Answers. Graded A+ and more Exams Genetics in PDF only on Docsity! Genetics Final Exam 2024- 2025. Questions & Correct Verified Answers. Graded A+ ____ of function produces new alleles that are usually recessive , and ___ of function usually produces dominant alleles. - ANSLoss of function produces new alleles that are usually recessive , and gain of function usually produces dominant alleles. 45, XO female - ANS1/3000 births, sterile, short XO and YO are lethal 47, XXX female - ANSnormal appearance, may be taller. 47, XXY male - ANSundeveloped, sterile 47, XYY male - ANSfertile, "super males" A Bacterial Operon ___. - ANScontains multiple structural genes and is regulated by a repressor or activator. A base substitution mutation may belong to : - ANS- Somatic or germ-line. - Transition or Transversion. - Missense, nonsense, silent, or neutral. A charged transfer RNA is _____. - ANSbound to a specific amino acid at the 3' end. An enhancer : - ANS- Is a cis-acting regulatory DNA sequence. - Increases transcriptional activity. - Binds activator proteins. An enhancer can determine ____ _____ in development a gene can be ______ and ____ cells. - ANSAn enhancer can determine what time in development a gene can be expressed and which cells. An example of a gene product encoded by a regulatory gene is ____. - ANSa repressor protein. Anti-codon - ANSBase-pairs with the complementary codon of the mRNA at the ribosome. Autosomal Dominant characteristics : - ANS- Does not skip generations. - If one parent is heterozygous dominant for the trait, 1/2 of the offspring will have the trait. Autosomal Recessive characteristics : - ANS- Skips generation, equally males and females. - If parents are heterozygous for trait, 1/4 of offspring will have trait. - Usually occurs between mating of closely related people. Base substitution maybe be caused by ____. - ANSUltraviolet radiation. Charged transfer RNA's involves ____. - ANSan enzyme covalently attaching an amino acid to the correct tRNA. Chromatin structure can be altered by: - ANS- Chromatin remodeling complexes. - Acetylation of histone proteins. - Methylation of DNA. Chromosomes in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells - ANSProkaryotic- single circular chromosome. Eukaryotic- linear chromosomes within nucleus. Cloning vectors contain : - ANS- An origin of replication (ori) - A selectable marker (ampR) - A unique restriction site. Codon - ANSA set of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. Conservative replication - ANSOriginal DNA strands reform original double helix. CRISPR-Cas9 technology, a guide RNA ____. - ANSdirects an endonuclease to make a double-strand break at a target DNA sequence. Describe Epigenetic phenotype. Prokaryotic cell reproduction - ANS1) Copy genetic material 2) Separate copies 3) Cell division Recombination Frequency - ANSThe summing of the number of recombinant progeny and dividing it by the total number of progeny produced. Multiply by 100%. Semi-conservative replication - ANSOriginal strand remains intact and combines with a new DNA strand. Silent mutation - ANSA mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created. Test Cross - ANSCrossing dominant individual with one that has the homozygous recessive genotype. Transversion mutation - ANSA point mutation in which a pyrimidine is substituted for a purine, or vice versa. When Glucose levels in the bacterial cell are ____, the lac operon is ____. - ANShigh, not activated. X-linked Dominant characteristics : - ANS- More frequent in females. - Does not skip generations. - Affected men pass the trait to daughters. - Heterozygous women pass 1/2 of the trait to sons and 1/2 to females. X-linked Recessive characteristics : - ANS- More frequent in males - If the female(mother) is a heterozygous carrier and male is unaffected, 1/2 of the sons will have the trait and 1/2 of the daughters will be carriers. - Not passed from father to son. XX-XO system - ANSFemale - Two X chromosomes. Male - One X chromosome. XX-XY system - ANSFemales - Two X chromosomes, One X from each parent. Males - Single X and Single Y. X from mother and Y from father. ZZ-ZW system - ANSFemales - Z and W chromosome. Z is from father's mom or dad. Males - Two Z chromosomes.