GER Exam 2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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GER Exam 2 Questions with 100%

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functionalism - Correct Answer-genocide wasn't part of the original plan, the killings were functions of other processes (war, domestic security policy), killing motivated by a number of factors (ideological war against USSR, terror to control civilian population). Browning is a "moderate functionalist" strong intentionalism - Correct Answer-traces the Holocaust back to Hitler's feelings in Mein Kampf and before, assigns responsibility to Hitler and sees subsequent events as determined by his personal wishes. Murder of all Jews planned from the beginning Moderate intentionalism - Correct Answer-Jews were singled out because of Hitler's ideology or Nazi ideology in general, but the agenda was radicalized as Nazi's gained power and could decide to convert fantasies into policy and policies into action eugenics - Correct Answer-tailoring populations to selectively breed in certain traits, while breed out other traits. Quantify the peplos's abilities, not a scientifically valid thing "Gnadentod" (mercy death) - Correct Answer-a euphemism for euthanasia, implemented in akiton T4: killing people with mental, physical, and emotional disabilities freikorps - Correct Answer-right-wing parliamentary organizations inside Germany, disgruntled veterans and others who wanted to keep fighting, support coup attempts, violence against other parliamentary groups and political and civilian groups differences in camps - Correct Answer-extermination: strictly killing, labor: slave labor, concentration: some killing, the "original" camps concentration camps - Correct Answer-for civilian prisoners (political, religious, homosexual), POW's, but especially Jews euthanasia - Correct Answer-jews singled out in t4 program, t4 extended to occupy Poland, used crematoria order police - Correct Answer-led by the SS, RP 101 was a part of the order police, mainly civilians served Aushwitz - Correct Answer-Concentration: Aushwitz 1 Extermination: Aushwitz 2/Birkenau (largest extermination camp in death tolls) Labor: Aushwitz 3/ Monowitz

akiton (operation) Reinhard - Correct Answer-extermination camps with a euthanasia program staffed by physicians, given permission by Hitler to kill then build extermination camps to kill (eugenically undesirable) people upon arrival SS - Correct Answer-led by H. Himmler, selective fighters "program" - Correct Answer-violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews. T4 program - Correct Answer-the killing of "lebenseunwertes leben" (life unworthy of living) 1. concentration 2. deportation 3. murder hadamar - Correct Answer-one of the 6 sites for the T4 program, 15,000 German citizens killed here, started with killing children and sterilizing children, later included adults, referenced in OM (208) "power over life and right to death" - Correct Answer-shifted from a sovereigns power, wars waged to support a population "to foster life or disallow it" biopower - Correct Answer-literally having power over bodies; it is "an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugation of bodies and the control of populations". Two forms: discipline of the body and regulation of the population Authoritarian personality - Correct Answer-a rigid adherence to conventional values, submissiveness to authority figures, aggressiveness toward outgroups, opposition to introspection, stereotyping, toughness and power, destructive, cynic, and an exaggerated concern with sexuality Operation Barbarossa - Correct Answer-German invasion of the Soviet Union, 6/22/1941, captured millions of Russians as POWs, began killing of Russian jews.... by end of holocaust SU jew death toll totaled about 1 million prison experiment (Zimbardo) - Correct Answer-participants had scored below average on the F-Scale, placed into a simulated prison. About 1/3 of guards emerged as "cruel and tough" and only 2 emerged as "good guards". Resembles RP 101 division between those who frequently killed, eventually backed down, and those who never participated. Wannsee Conference - Correct Answer-20th January 1942 Originally convened by Reinhard Heydrich, 2nd in command of SS for 9 December, 1941 (Postponed because of halt drive on Moscow). Conference at level of Deputy Ministers (Staatssckretäre). No decisions made at conference about WHAT to do... only about HOW to carry out orders

November Revolution - Correct Answer-1918 - a new government proclaimed, Kaiser abdicates 11/9, republic proclaimed first in Bavaria, new government under SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP strategic bombing - Correct Answer-allied air force campaign to destroy axis industry, communications, and cities... a different form of genocide from other parties in a sense sparatkus - Correct Answer-Spartacus uprising (Berlin), January 1919: communists attempt takeover in Berlin, put down by troops loyal to social democratic government cultural/ institutional shift to "power of life vs right to death" - Correct Answer- government apparatus, knowledge, biopolitics of population, capitalism: quantify, bureaucracies, management culture and pseudo-science of eugenics (American and German) - Correct Answer- differences in internationalist and functionalist arguments, compared with chronology - Correct Answer-radical functionalism uses a different timeline... arguments against functionalism explain that the the Jews were singled out in the T4 euthanasia program, then the Wannasee conference met, and lastly the planning required for a "final solution" which was not a spontaneous event who were the ordinary men? - Correct Answer-middle aged men from Hamburg, working class, "not a very promising group of men to recruit to mass murder on behalf of the Nazi vision of a radical utopia free of Jews" what did the ordinary mean do? - Correct Answer-execute millions of Jews why did the ordinary men do it? - Correct Answer-adapting to gain an authoritarian personality developments from end of WWI and Treaty of Versailles to genocide as policy - Correct Answer-1920 - Allowing the destruction of life unworthy of living 1927- 1943- Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for anthropology, human genetics, and eugenics 7/14/1933- Law on prevention of congenitally ill offspring what does eugenics have to do with genocide - Correct Answer-eugenics leads to genocide in terms of extermination differences in theories and historiography about causes and development of Judeocide

• Correct Answer-intentionalism: Hitler wanted it since the beginning because of Nazi ideology functionalism: genocide was not a part of initial plan... when success was gained the destruction continued and exponentially increased

F-Scale - Correct Answer-The questionnaire used by Adorno to measure personality characteristics and compiled a list of crucial traits for the "authoritarian personality" F stands for fascist differences between the Authoritarian P personality and the prisoner and electrical shock experiments - Correct Answer-AP- physiological factors - a self selection process for brutality appears to exist ... only a small number of men who backed down in the experiments, therefore this was not enough to explain RP 101 behavior how did these men become killers? evidence from text - Correct Answer-systematic killing, even the doctor was telling them how to shoot. they didn't want to look like cowards... they weren't exactly anti-semites, but they were put into an anti-Semitic assimilation and cooperated Which answer best describes the origins of the Order Police? A. The OP originated in two phases: the large police units organized after the dissolution of the Freikorps (1919-20) and the "Police Army" of 1933- B. The police reorganization under Himmler after 1936 divided police into Security Police (Heydrich) and Order Police (Daluege). The latter reached a strength of 131, by the outbreak of war in 1939. C. The order police were formed by Hummer to provide security for the Nazi Party and pursue political enemies. The OP included Security Police and Gestapo. - Correct Answer-B. The police reorganization under Himmler after 1936 divided police into Security Police (Heydrich) and Order Police (Daluege). The latter reached a strength of 131,000 by the outbreak of war in 1939. Because of the meeting between Daluege and Bach-Zelewski in Bialystok and Minsk in July and September 1941, we can surmise that _______. A. the rival leaders did not agree to collaborate on the genocide. We can therefore assume that the Order Police and the SS functioned separately. B. the Order Police collaborated with the SS in killing operations, and the direct participating of the OP in killing was pervasive and desired by the police side (Daulege) C. The Order Police and the SS came to an agreement whereby the OP would provide security for SS killing operations but only rarely participated in killing themselves. - Correct Answer-B. the Order Police collaborated with the SS in killing operations, and the direct participating of the OP in killing was pervasive and desired by the police side (Daulege) The Kommissarbefehl (commissar order) was basically as follows:

A. Operation Typhoon, the advance on Moscow, was to be halted immediately. (This led to the postponement of the Wannsee Conference). B. Jewish civilians in occupied terroritories were subject to martial law and collective reprisals for attacks on Germans. C. Political commissars in Red Army and other officials likely to organize against the Germans were to be killed in the field, not taken prisoner. - Correct Answer-C. Political commissars in Red Army and other officials likely to organize against the Germans were to be killed in the field, not taken prisoner. True or false? The Order Police were not involved as shooters in the massacre at Babi Yar. - Correct Answer-false Documents from Reserve Police Battalion 133 support the idea that Order Police ___________. A. knew very well that the deportation trains they organized and escorted to places like Belzec and Sobibor were taking Jews not to work, but to certain death. B. believed that they were taking jews to labor camps in the East C. only took part in killing of Polish and other Jews in occupied territories, not the extermination of Jews from German and other West and Central European cities - Correct Answer-A. knew very well that the deportation trains they organized and escorted to places like Belzec and Sobibor were taking Jews not to work, but to certain death. Which statement below best summarizes Major Wilhelm Trapp's career? A. After serving with distinction in WWI, Trapp became a career policeman. Although he joined the Nazi Party before Hitler came to power, he was not considered SS material and was looked down upon by his subordinate officers, younger men in the SS. B. Trapp's distinguished service in WWI and having hound the Nazi party before Hitler came to pore made him an ideal candidate for the SS. His subordinates, younger men in the SS, admired his dedication to the Nazi cause and his tough military character. C. After undistinguished service in WWI, Trapp has no luck in developing a military career. Even though he joined the Nazi party opportunistically in March 1933, he was consistently passed over for promotion and was assigned RP Battalion 101 because no other officer with his seniority was available at the time. - Correct Answer-A. After serving with distinction in WWI, Trapp became a career policeman. Although he joined the Nazi Party before Hitler came to power, he was not considered SS material and was looked down upon by his subordinate officers, younger men in the SS.

True or False? The NCO's such as Sgt. Kammer could afford to be tolerant of those such as Buchmann who refused duty or requested transfers because so many men, at least 80%, were willing to participate in the killing. - Correct Answer-True Browning repeatedly discusses the overall result of the killings by RP 101, as well as the difference in their effectiveness after Josefow. Which of the statements below best describes their efficiency or inefficiency in quantitive terms? A. The pace of the killing had to be slowed to accommodate the reluctance of officers and men to kill. Only gradually did they work their way back up to the perpetrator: victim ratio seen at Josefow B. With reinforcements from Germany and therefore increased numbers and support, RPB 101 killed even greater numbers of Jews. In other work, the number of perpetrators was directly proportional to the number of victims. C. The number of perpetrators tended to be inversely proportional to the number of victims. Even as fewer men were available for the killing operations, their ferocity, brutality, and effectiveness increased. - Correct Answer-C. The number of perpetrators tended to be inversely proportional to the number of victims. Even as fewer men were available for the killing operations, their ferocity, brutality, and effectiveness increased. Which of the following statements is true of Buchmann's actions before the Josefow massacre and their outcome? A. appealing to his social standing as a respectable Hamburg businessman and reserve officer, Buchmann refused to participate in the killing of women and children in the Josefow massacre and was not punished for it, perhaps because Lt. Hagen did not inform Capt. Wohlhauf of Buchmann's statement B. Appealing to his honor as a German officer, Buchmann refused to kill civilians in Josefow. Hagen reported this to Wohlhauf, who began court-martial proceedings against Buchmann C. Buchmann informed his company captain, Wohlhauf that he would not kill civilians at Josefow. Even though Wolhalf was an SS man, he did not take action against Buchmann. - Correct Answer-A. appealing to his social standing as a respectable Hamburg businessman and reserve officer, Buchmann refused to participate in the killing of women and children in the Josefow massacre and was not punished for it, perhaps because Lt. Hagen did not inform Capt. Wohlhauf of Buchmann's statement Which statement reflects Browning's conclusion from the testimony of the men about the Josefow massacre in terms of motivations of those who participating in the Killing?

A. they were driven by anti-semitism and the desire to carry out the final solution of the jewish question in Europe. their relationship to the victims was one of contempt or hatred B. They were motivated by the desire not to be seen by their comrades as shirking the task Any human connection to the victims was weaker than their group identity as part of a military unit C. the majority of the men participated only reluctantly, out of fear of disciplinary action or other reprisals from the officers. - Correct Answer-B. They were motivated by the desire not to be seen by their comrades as shirking the task Any human connection to the victims was weaker than their group identity as part of a military unit Which statement below best matches Browning's characterization of the men of RP Battalion 101? A. Then men of RPB 101 came from a heavily nazified environment. The working classes before 1933 had embraced hitler's racial nationalism, and the men of the unit were enthusiastic volunteers who wanted to avenge the disgrace of Germany's defeat in WWI. They saw no difference between their task and ordinary military operations. B. they were form working class and lower middle class backgrounds, came from one of the least nazified cities in Germany and might have had very different political leaning before 1933. It is clear that they grew up in a world not shaped by the moral and political norms of the Nazis. This background made them an unlikely choice for the task of killing jews. C. the men of RPB 101 were carefully selected in order to accomplish the task of killing jews and other civilians. they volunteered for a - Correct Answer-B. they were form working class and lower middle class backgrounds, came from one of the least nazified cities in Germany and might have had very different political leaning before 1933. It is clear that they grew up in a world not shaped by the moral and political norms of the Nazis. This background made them an unlikely choice for the task of killing jews. Which statement best describes the general reaction of the men of RPB 101 1st company, to the killing operation at josefow on the day of the massacre? A. 12 men were excused before the operation, but many of the others sought to get out of the killing even after it had started. Some were reassigned by Sgt Kammer while others hid. Even those who made the mistake of asking Captain Wohlauf for peace were later excused by Kammer. Killing was also difficult because the men were paired with their victim, whom they had to kill at point blank range in most cases. In other cases, the men were able to and some chose to shoot past them.

B. the men participated unwillingly but without reticence, interference, or evasion. orders are orders after all. the task was made easier because the jewish victims were rounded up in a large group, into which the soldiers shot from a distance. C. the men participated willing without reser - Correct Answer-A. 12 men were excused before the operation, but many of the others sought to get out of the killing even after it had started. Some were reassigned by Sgt Kammer while others hid. Even those who made the mistake of asking Captain Wohlauf for peace were later excused by Kammer. Killing was also difficult because the men were paired with their victim, whom they had to kill at point blank range in most cases. In other cases, the men were able to and some chose to shoot past them. Mark all the facts named by browning that distinguished the killing at Lozamy from the massacre at Josefow. A. rather than one-on-one killing at close range, jews were here'd into a mass grave and shot en masse. B. the germans were helped by Kiwis who did much, but not all. of the dirty work C. depersonalization of the victim contributed the willingness of the men to kill D. a round of ideological indoctrination between the killing operations had convinced the men of the necessity of the Final solution and they were now convinced of the importance of their actions E. heavy drinking helped the officers and men deal with the tasks F. strict military discipline was imposed, with severe penalties for anyone who did not participate or who let Jews escape. - Correct Answer-A. rather than one-on-one killing at close range, jews were here'd into a mass grave and shot en masse. B. the germans were helped by Kiwis who did much, but not all. of the dirty work C. depersonalization of the victim contributed the willingness of the men to kill E. heavy drinking helped the officers and men deal with the tasks Which of the staetments below best describes the character of Captain Wohlauf in terms of the events at Miedzyrzec and Serokomla? A. Wohlauf's career and perception by his superiors and the men of RPB 101 was consistent with Major Trapp's description o him: a model officer, exemplified military discipline and efficiency, was focused on the task at hand, and served his unit selflessly. In spite of his new bride's interest in his work, he refused to bring her into the killing zones.

B. Wohlauf was an effective organizer of killing. As benefited his personality, he organized killing in an orderly and disciplined fashion at both sites. Jews were killed with animal fuss and disruption of the town and surroundings. His new bride was amazed at her spouse's effectiveness and observed killings at both sites. C. Wohlauf was seen by his superiors and the men of RPB 101 as pretentious and undisciplined. Even though Trapp p - Correct Answer-C. Wohlauf was seen by his superiors and the men of RPB 101 as pretentious and undisciplined. Even though Trapp parsed hum in a commendation, his career path was uneven. His vanity and retention were obvious when he brought his bride to the killing operation and Miedzyrec. In contrast, he was not present for the killings at Serokomla, perhaps because she was not there to observe his power.