GFACT Certification Exam 2024: Actual Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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GFACT CERTIFICATION EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM

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What does it mean when a computer program is "multi-threaded"? A) It calls multiple external libraries B) It has multiple serial number for different users C) It can run multiple chunks of code concurrently

D) It has multiple functions defined in the program ANSWER>>>> It can run multiple chunks of

code concurrently

Which of the following is a common result of a reflected cross-site scripting attack? A)Tricking a user into making an authenticated transaction B)Sending a website user's session cookie to an attacker C) Embedding the attacker's malware in web application source code

D) Stealing password hashes from a website's back end database ANSWER>>>> Sending a website

user's session cookie to an attacker

What tool can be used to fingerprint the operating system of a host? A)netstat B)dig C)nslookup

D)nmap ANSWER>>>> Nmap

What type of vulnerability is illustrated where there is code in the web page? A)File Inclusion B) Clickjacking C)Cross-Site Scripting

D) SQL injection ANSWER>>>> File Inclusion

An alert indicates that a compromised host was used by an attacker to run the command below. What was the attacker attempting to do? $ nmap - sS 192.168.10.0/ A)Map a network drive to a remote host B)Identify services running on network hosts C)Execute a script on a remote host

D)Send Spoofed packets to network hosts ANSWER>>>> Identify services running on network

hosts

What type of artifact can a blue team member use to identify the name that is associated to the file? A)Metadata B)Windows security logs C)Prefetch

D)File Ownership ANSWER>>>> Metadata

What is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run considered to be? A)Domain Name B)Log File Path C) Registry Key

D) Yo Mama's Number ANSWER>>>> A Registry Key

If a user agent is used, where would it be found in the HTTP Protocol? A)In the response header B)In the response body C)Delimited by an h1 tag

D) In a GET Request ANSWER>>>> In a GET Request

What benefit does moving from local logging to using a log server provide organizations? A) Enables the use of network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) B) Harder for attackers to overwrite logs C) Attackers will have to pivot through an extra server to infiltrate the network

D)Less complex logging infrastructure ANSWER>>>> Harder for attackers to overwrite logs

What is the only way to mitigate an integer overflow/underflow? A) Takin the absolute value of negative results prior to running the equation B) Checking that the result of any change to a signed integer falls within an allowed range C) Randomizing salt values prior to hashing user content

D) Sanitizing user input to block special characters from being entered ANSWER>>>> Checking that

the result of any change to a signed integer falls within an allowed range

Which Variable name will cause Python to produce an error? A)2nd_phone_number B)LASTNAM_ C)streetAddress

D)_firstname ANSWER>>>> 2nd_phone_number

What is the following command attempting to accomplish in Kali Linux? dnsmap myfakedomain.local - w /usr/share/wordlists/dnsmap.txt A)Search for subdomains based upon the wordlist provided B) Check for users based on the wordlist provided C)Run checks on the applications based on the wordlist provided

D)Call yo mama ANSWER>>>> Search for subdomains based upon the wordlist provided

How do you remove data from a Solid State Drive?

A) Destroy it B) Place Magnets upon it C) Snap it

D) Yo mama sit on it ANSWER>>>> Destroy it

Where are the wordlists located in Kali? A)/var/opt/wordlists B)/etc/default/wordlists C)/etc/security/wordlists D)/var/adm/wordlists

E)/usr/share/wordlists ANSWER>>>> /usr/share/wordlists

What is the outcome of the command below? ps aux | grep - i sshd | grep root A) Enabling logging for all root logins for the ssh service B)Terminating the secure shell service C)List of secure shell processes running under the root user

D)Starting up the ssh service as the root user ANSWER>>>> List of secure shell processes

running under the root user

When would a security analyst create a "TCP Socket" in a Python Program? A) When scanning the host computer for malicious software B) When creating a script to run against a network service C) When collecting information about the host computer's hardware D) When the host is running network services in the background during Python program execution

ANSWER>>>> When creating a script to run against a network service

What is used to access the address of a variable in the C Programming Language? A) &giac

B)*giac C) {giac}

D) 8=giac=D ANSWER>>>> &giac

What does the home folder contain? A) User Directories for every user on the system excluding the root user B)Yo Mama C)All of the directories on a system

D) Only the Guest directories on a system ANSWER>>>> User Directories for every user on

the system excluding the root user

What does the Local Users Management Console do? A)Create users within Windows B) Create groups within Windows C) Yo Mama (insert giggle)

D) Change your password ANSWER>>>> Create users within Windows, create groups

within Windows, Change your password

What kind of storage system are in USB's? A)exFAT B)FAT C)NTFS

D)HFS Plus ANSWER>>>> exFAT

When a new File is created what permissions are inherited? A) Parent Folder B) You set them when you open the folder C) Root Permissions

D) Default File Permissions ANSWER>>>> Parent Folder

What command will generate a makefile that is tuned to the system that it is installed to? A)source makefile.am B)source configure.in C) ./install-sh D) ./configure ANSWER>>>>./configure What might a captcha do to a scanner? A) Redirect the scanner to the same page in a loop B) Proceed to the website as per normal C) Shut the scanner down D) Lock you out of the website ANSWER>>>>Redirect the scanner to the same page in a loop The user starts Microsoft Word and clicks File | Open. What does word do as a result? A) Generates a software interrupt B) Loads the Kernal C) Opens the appropriate output HID D) Yo Mama ANSWER>>>>Generates a software interrupt What attack is being attempted by the command shown below? root@kali: ~/target# dirb https:www.sans.org /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/small.txt A) Dictionary attack against known user accounts on a website B) Dictionary attack against unknown user accounts on a website C) Search for valid accounts using a wordlist against a website

D) Search for directories not link to public areas of a website ANSWER>>>>Search for directories not linked to public areas of a website Where is the data from the GDB output shown in the image stored on the host? A) Master Boot Record B) BIOS C) CPU D) Random Access Memory ANSWER>>>>CPU What command is used to generate lists of images that are stored locally and provides arguments for handling them? A) docker images B) docker pull C) docker run D) vi Dockerfile E) docker ps ANSWER>>>>docker images What is the significance of the items listed in pwbdbg's backtrace? A) They are all of the functions called up to this point B) They are functions currently loaded in the CPU cache C) It is a list of functions that are about to be called D) They are pointed to by the GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE ANSWER>>>>They are all of the functions called up to this point Which packet header field characteristic is a strong indicator of data exfiltration? A) TCP Packets in a session with varying message data sizes

B) ICMP echo requests with varying data field sizes C) UDP packets with invalid checksums D) Yo mama ANSWER>>>>ICMP echo requests with varying data field sizes During which stage of incident response should the adequacy of policies be examined? A) Lessons learned B) Eradication C) Recovery ANSWER>>>>Lessons Learned What is a way to check the symmetric or asymmetric encryption? A) The Website's SSL certificate B) The Public Key C) The Private Key D) Yo Mama ANSWER>>>>The Website's SSL certificate Which of the follow C:\Windows\System32 subdirectories may provide stored credentials from unattended installs? A) Restore B) Boot C) Sysprep D) Dism ANSWER>>>>Sysprep Which of the following is one of the four User Account Control (UAC) settings on a Windows system? A) Access this compute from the network B) Full control

C) Run as Administrator D) Always Notify ANSWER>>>>Always notify What HTTP protocol request asks a web server to retrieve metadata without the data? A) PUT B) HEAD C) GET D) POST ANSWER>>>>HEAD What command will change your directory to the current home folder? A) cd ~ B) cd .. C) cd // D) cd Yo Mama ANSWER>>>>cd ~ What does the home folder contain? A) The user directories for every user other than the root B) All directories under the Windows machine C) The specific user's directory D) Yo Mama ANSWER>>>>The user directories for every user other than the root Examine the list from a Python program below. Which statement will display Oregon? PNW_states = [ 'Washington' , 'Oregon' , 'Idaho' , 'Montana' , 'Wyoming' ] A) print(PNW_states[2])

B) print(PNW_states(2)) C) print(PNW_states[1]) D) print(PNW_states[0][2]) ANSWER>>>>print(PNW_states[1]) If you run the command "Python" on a Linux system where it is installed, what will happen? A)Python will list all currently installed libraries and modules B) The computer will run Python in the background upon reboot C) The operating system will prompt you for a Python code file to open D) An interactive console will open for writing simple Python code ANSWER>>>>An interactive console will open for writing simple Python code A Web application is configured to validate a unique token value for each submitted user request. What threat is being mitigated? A) Local file inclusion B) Cross site request forgery C) Drive-by downloads D) Command injection ANSWER>>>>Cross site request forgery In the Python programming language, cast_list, shown below, is which of the following? A) Dictionary B) Tuple C) Array D) List ANSWER>>>>Dictionary Which of the following is the name given to the behaviors that objects have in object oriented programming?

A) Methods B) Functions C) Modules D) Procedures ANSWER>>>>Methods Which of the following services would be a target for privilege escalation? 1: Microsoft Office Click-to-Run Service "C:\Program Files\Common Files\ Microsoft Shared\ClickToRun\OfficeClickToRun.exe" 2: CodeMeter Runtime Server C:\Program Files (x86)\CodeMeter\Runtime\bin\CodeMeter.exe 3: TP AutoConnect Service "C:\Program Files\VMWare\VMware Tools\TPAutoConnsvc.exe" Manual A) Microsoft Office Click To Run Service B) CodeMeter Runtime Server C) TP AutoConnect Service D) Yo Mama ANSWER>>>>CodeMeter Runtime Server In both the TCP handshake and teardown, the ACK number increases by one. How much data is being sent? A) Zero bytes B) Two bytes C) One byte D) Three bytes ANSWER>>>>Zero bytes What can an Apache server administrator do to prevent version information from leaking?

A) Run Apache as a non-root user B) Enable HTTPS C) Set permission on /var/www/html to 700 D) Disable the banner ANSWER>>>>Disable the banner When debugging a program with pwngdb what is the significance of the s in x/s 0x80484ef command shown in the command below: pwndbg> x/s 0x80484ef 0x80484ef <main+4>: A) Tells the command to step into the address 0x80484ef B) Identifies the output format for data at address 0x80484ef C) Tells the command to stop after the address 0x80484ef D) Identifies the next breakpoint is address 0x80484ef ANSWER>>>>Identifies the output format for data at address ox80448ef What is it called when a user makes a change to the master code in a Git repository? A) Pull B) Clone C) Branch D) Commit ANSWER>>>>Commit A GIAC administrator has configured their company's web server to send an X-Frame-Options header in every request to an HTTP page. The admin has configured the option to use the values DENY,SAMEORGIN, or ALLOW-FROM. What attack is the administrator addressing with the techniques described above?

A) SQL injection B) Cross-Site request forgery C) Cross-Site scripting D) Directory traversal E) Clickjacking ANSWER>>>>Clickjacking How do prepared statements help prevent SQL injection attacks? A) Query parameters are sent in the body of a POST request B) Queries are appended with an authorization token C) Query language is kept separate from user supplied data D) Queries submitted by users are HTML entity encoded ANSWER>>>>C) Query language is kept separate from user supplied data If the user agent is used, where would it be found in the HTTP protocol? A) In the response body B)In the response header C) Delimited by an h1 tag D) In a GET Request ANSWER>>>>In a GET Request A web application is configured to validate a unique token value for each submitted user request. What threat is being mitigated? A)Local file inclusion B) Cross Site request forgery C)Drive-By downloads D) Command injection ANSWER>>>>Cross Site request forgery

Which exploit takes advantage of a web-page field that does not validate input? A) Session hijacking B) command injection C)Password cracking D) Steganography ANSWER>>>>Command injection Which computer component manages ongoing access to a computer's shared RAM and drive storage resources? A)Memory Registers B)BIOS C)Kernel D)Bootloader ANSWER>>>>Kernal What Windows configuration utility can be used by a local administrative user to create an account which requires the password to be reset upon first login? A) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol B) Family & Other People Control Panel C) Local Users Management Console D) User Account Control (UAC) ANSWER>>>>Local Users Management Console When is a software interrupt issued by a computer? A) When a user switches from one visible program to another in the GUI B) When power is suddenly cut off the CPU C) When a user has not taken action in a pre-specified amount of time D) When a new event occurs that requires attention from the processor ANSWER>>>>When a new event occurs that requires attention from the processor

Which of the following can best be described as a recipe for building Docker containers? A) Operating System B) Daemon C) Hub D) Image ANSWER>>>>Image What is interesting to be an attacker about the program below?

• rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 44k May 7th 2014 /bin/ping A)The program will be run with root permissions B) The program can only be saved by the root user C)The program will create a tunnel to the remote host D) Yo mama ANSWER>>>>The program will be run with root permissions What is the result of the following Linux command? sudo find /etc - exec sh - i /; A)Updating files in /etc with sh B)Listing executable file in /etc C) Gaining a shell with root access ANSWER>>>>Gaining a shell with root access Consider the TCP communication between two computers shown below. What will computer A do following Computer B's response? Computer A sends 20 bytes of data

Computer B responds with Computer A's acknowledgment number + 15 A)Send a FIN packet to close the connection B) Send the missing five bytes C)Resend the entire packet D)Ask computer B what bytes are missing ANSWER>>>>Resend the entire packet A user adds a new directory to a Linux system's $PATH environment variable, #export $PATH=$PATH:new_dir. What action will cause the updated $PATH variable change back to the original value? A)Closing and re-opening the terminal B)Running the command "rm $PATH" C) Echoing the $PATH to /dev/null ANSWER>>>>Closing and reopening the terminal When a program runs on a computer, it temporaily loads code into memory that contains information about the program. The code is deleted when the program is closed. What is the instance of this code called? A) Process B) Kernel C) BIOS D) Application Hint: Every time you run a program on your computer, a "BLANK" is created in memory. When you close the program, the "BLANK" is killed. ANSWER>>>>Process What is a requirement for cross-site request forgery to work? A) The victim must be authenticated with the target site

B) The Attacker must have root privileges on the victim's system C) The victim must be a member of the IIS_USER group D) The attacker must steal the victim's cookie Hint: CSRF involves an authenticated user clicking on a link that an attacker plants. This link will cause the victim's browser to perform an action using their authenticated credentials. ANSWER>>>>The victim must be authenticated with the target site Which of the following commands will set or modify an environment variable? A) export B)grep C)nano Hint: The "Blank" command is used to set or modify an environmental variable. ANSWER>>>>export In which directory are Linux logs generally found? A)var B)bin C)boot D)mnt Hint: The "blank" folder contains system files that tend to increase in size over time (hence it's a "blank" size folder). Things like log files, the mail directory, and so on, go here. ANSWER>>>>var What type of exploit is described below?

CVE- 2019 - 9874: Deserialization of Untrusted Data in the Sitecore.Security.AnitCSRF (aka anti CSRF) module in Sitecore CMS 7.0 to 7.2 and Sitecore XP 7.5 to 8.2 allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code by sending a serialized .NET object in the HTTP POST parameter __CSRFTOKEN. A) RCE B) Heap corruption C) Information disclosure D) Buffer over-read E) File Inclusion F)SQLi Hint: "Blank" bugs allow an attacker to achieve "arbitrary code execution." This, in effect, allows them to assume control of a target system. They can come in many flavors but are often seen as the most high- risk category of attack. ANSWER>>>>RCE Which buffer overflow mitigation places a value before the return pointer in the stack? A) Canary B) Parameterized query C) Random session token D) Format String Hint: The stack "blank" is a value that sits before the return pointer in the stack. When the program's execution hits the return instruction, before the return pointer is loaded into EIP, the value of the stack "blank" is checked. If it has been overwritten, then the program terminates because the CPU then knows that something dodgy was going on, since the value of the stack "blank" which shouldn't have changed has changed. The stack "blank" can usually be bypassed by finding out the value the "blank" is expected to be and overwriting it with the same value. Sometimes this is made harder by a stack "blank" that contains null byte values since many functions which read user input in C will stop reading more data as soon as they see a null byte. It doesn't ANSWER>>>>Canary Which Linux command will allow a user to run a command with escalated privileges using their own password?

A)sudo B)bash C)su D)which Hint: The "blank" program will allow a user to temporarily take on the privileges of the root account to run a command and then it will drop user privilege level back down to your normal account levels after the command runs. The way "blank" works is there is a configuration file called "sudoers" file, which basically a list of which accounts are allowed to do what with superuser privileges (and only root can edit it). When a user wants to run a command with privileges, they append "blank" before the command. They will then be prompted for their normal account password (not the root password), and then the command will run with super user privileges. ANSWER>>>>sudo Which of the following is a form of one-way encryption? A) Hashing B)Symmetric C)Substitution D)Asymmetric Hint: "Blank" is a third form of encryption, but its uses are a bit more niche. The third form of encryption is called hashing: a form of one-way encryption. That means, once data is encrypted, the process can not be reversed to go from the encrypted data back to the plaintext. There are some properties of hashing that make it incredibly useful. The same plain text put through the same hashing algorithm will always produce the same encrypted data. However, if even one bit of the plaintext is changed, the resulting hash will be completely different. Similarly, with a good hashing algorithm, two different pieces of plaintext can not work out to the same hash ANSWER>>>>Hashing What is the name of the file that a web server uses to tell search engines to avoid certain locations? A)robots.txt

B)my.conf C)index.html D)admin.php Hint: This file can be used by web servers to direct well behaved crawling bots to avoid certain web pages hosted on the server. my. conf if a mysql configuration file. index.html is generally the first page or landing page for a site. admin.php could be an administrative page for the website but does not direct bots to bypass certain pages. ANSWER>>>>robots.txt What file, located in the root of a website, contains a list of web pages that should be omitted from search engine spidering? A) robots.txt B) index.html C) spider.txt D)config.php Hint: Search engines work by first visiting a page, then visiting all links available on the page, and following all links available on those pages etc. This process is known as crawling or spidering. There is a way to opt certain pages out of being indexed by search engines, and that method is the "blank" file. This file is essentially a text file with a list of pages on a site you do not want to be indexed by a search engine. This file must live in the root of the website. ANSWER>>>>robots.txt What protocol is used to access email on an email server? A)IMAP B)SSH C)ICMP D)BGP Hint: the "blank" protocol came after POP3, and it also solves most of the problems with POP3. It is the most common protocol in use today for accessing email on an email server. The messages remain on the

server until the user specifically deletes them, and in addition, the IMAP server can track state on each email (whether is has been read, or unread for example). ANSWER>>>>IMAP Which tool would an attacker user to identify potentially exploitable functions in a program and their memory address locations? A) Debugger B) Sniffer C) Proxy D) Packet analyzer Hint: A "blank" like GDB can identify a program's functions and the memory addresses they start at (the memory addresses are the ones that start 0x...) ANSWER>>>>Debugger An incident handler has determined that malware is launching with local Administrator privileges when the compromised hosts starts and persists with each reboot. Which location should the incident handler check for this type of malware? A) C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp B) C:\Users<username>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup C) HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services ANSWER>>>>HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services What is a buffer overflow? A)Input is not properly restricted by an application and is exploited by an attacker to run code of the attacker's choosing B) Input is not properly sanitized which allows an attacker to craft queries that will cause data to be disclosed from a database C)Input is not properly limited within an iframe and an attacker redirects input that causes the browser to visit an attacker-controlled site

D) Input is not restricted to a single cookie and an attacker sends a link that causes the destination site to authenticate an action ANSWER>>>>Input is not properly restricted by an application and is exploited by an attacker to run code of the attacker's choosing An attacker enters "cat /etc/passwd" into an input field on a website. Which flaw would allow the input to be executed by the web server's operating system? A) SQL injection B) Directory traversal C)Command Injection D)Cross-Site Scripting ANSWER>>>>Command injection Which tool should an analyst user to perform live analysis on a host's RAM? A) Registry B) SIEM C) Volatility D) Event Viewer ANSWER>>>>Volatility Which file in the directory would considered suspicious? A) drwxrwxr-x 2 giac giac 4.0K Jun 26 11:47. B) drwxr-xr-x 11 giac giac 4.0K Jun 26 11:46.. C) - rw-rw-r-- 1 giac giac 4.0k Jun 26 11:46... D) - rwxrwxr-x 1 giac giac 0 Jun 26 11:47 1.txt ANSWER>>>>... The address below is used at which OSI layer? A) Data Link B) Network

C) Session D) Transport ANSWER>>>>Data Link Which PowerShell command string will display the contents of the file aliases.ps1 in the current directory? A) Get-Content aliases.ps1 B) Get-ChildItems aliases.ps1 C) Read-Host aliases.ps1 D) Write-Intormation aliases.ps1 ANSWER>>>>Get-Content aliases.ps1 Which command string will display information about the "kirk: user on a Windows system? A) net user kirk B) netsh user kirk C) net /info kirk D) netsh /info kirk ANSWER>>>>net user kirk A security analyst tells an investigator that they know a specific employee sent a message leaking proprietary information because of the type of encryption used by that employee to protect it. What feature of encryption provides the analyst with this certainty that this employee sent the message? A) Non-repudiation B) Confidentiality C) Integrity D) Availability ANSWER>>>>Non-repudiation Which of the following risk areas are targeted by DDoS attacks? A) Confidentiality

B) Integrity C) Encryption D) Availability ANSWER>>>>Availiability Which component of Docker builds, runs, and delivers containers? A) Daemon B) Image C) Hub D) Client ANSWER>>>>Daemon If malicious software (malware) infects a computer, at which level does it require the most effort to detect and remove? A) Kernel B) System libraries C) Application code D) Local user file ANSWER>>>>Kernel When debugging an executable with pwndbg, what happens when a function named function_A is stepped over, instead of into? A) The debugger executes the code within function_A and moves to the next instruction B) The debugger skips over the code within function_A and moves to the next instruction C)The debugger will stop at each line of code within function_A ANSWER>>>>The debugger executes the code within function_A and moves to the next instruction In Python, which symbol indicates the text after it is a comment? A) #

B) ;

C)!

D)-- ANSWER>>>>#

What is encryption? ANSWER>>>>Encryption is the process of converting data from one form to another What does encryption provide? A)Authentication B)Integraty C)Non-repudiation D)All of the above ANSWER>>>>All of the above In order to encrypt data, what 3 things are necessary? ANSWER>>>>The original unencrypted message, the Encryption key, and the encryption algorithm What 3 things do you need to decrypt data? ANSWER>>>>The encrypted data, The encryption key for decryption, and the encryption algorithm What makes an encryption a strong encryption? A) An encryption where the mathematical calculations are open to the public B) An encryption that was bought from a 3rd party C) An encryption with no mathematical calculations D) A decrypted encryption ANSWER>>>>An encryption where the mathematical calculations are open to the public What are the 2 ways to break encryption? ANSWER>>>>Find a flaw in the encryption and to guess the encryption key that was used