GIS Final based on Final Exam Review Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023), Exams of Nursing

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Answers (Latest Update 2023)

flat file database - Correct Answer ✅stores rows of information in a text or binary file, not efficient for search and query Hierarchical database - Correct Answer ✅has multiple files, each of which contains different records and fields (parent-child linked through a key, fixed/predefined relationship), efficient for specific queries relational database - Correct Answer ✅Widely used in GIS: has multiple tables stored as files. the relationships are not defined ahead of time, the user can associate two tables if they share a common field called a join (same as Hierarchical, but flexible) Join table/source table v.s target/destination table - Correct Answer ✅The table that contains the information to be appended is the join table while the table that receives the appended information is called the target table unmatched records in joins- values - Correct Answer ✅when a target record has no match in the join table

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

Rule of Joining - Correct Answer ✅each record in the destination table must have one and only one matching record in the source table cardinality that follow the rule of joining - Correct Answer ✅one-to-one and many-to-one relate v.s. join - Correct Answer ✅relates used in the case of one to many because it can not be joined and displayed as a single table. tables remain separate but are linked together object id (gdb) - Correct Answer ✅unique integer managed by the software to identify the record add join vs join field - Correct Answer ✅add join is temporary, and joins a layer to another layer or table based on a common field. Join field is permanent and joins the contents of a table to another based on a common attribute field topology - adjacency - Correct Answer ✅sharing boundary

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

Schema - Correct Answer ✅the structure of a table including its fields, definitions, and domains Digitizing - Correct Answer ✅the process of creating GIS data from another secondary source Topology: Connectivity - Correct Answer ✅attachment.connectedness between features topology: intersection/overlap - Correct Answer ✅cover all/in part logical consistency - Correct Answer ✅(ideal/real world) eg. street/waterline actually connect query - Correct Answer ✅extract a subset of a feature class or table based on a condition set by the user logical operators - Correct Answer ✅State=NJ or GPA>3.

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

SQL - Correct Answer ✅how expressions are executed Clause builder vs SQL edit/viewer mode - Correct Answer ✅Clause builder is an easy intuitive way to enter expressions, but SQL is sometime convenient or necessary to write expressions directly Order of precedence - Correct Answer ✅Boolean operators have no order of precedence, evaluated from left to right (A AND B=B ANB A) spatial operators - Correct Answer ✅intersect, contains/within (feature is inside/outside) proximity - Correct Answer ✅within a specified distance Buffer - Correct Answer ✅finds areas within the specified distance of a set features Why dissolve buffers? - Correct Answer ✅To not count the same area twice

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

extraction functions (difference between clip vs erase) - Correct Answer ✅Clip works like a cookie cutter to extract features that lie inside the boundary of another data set, while erase would keep the features outside the boundary Managing query results: temporary - Correct Answer ✅make a new layer from selected features, definition query Managing query results: permanent - Correct Answer ✅Make feature later tool, export features raster - Correct Answer ✅matrix of pixels organized in rows and columns; Continuous vs discrete rasters - Correct Answer ✅discrete store objects or categorical data like land use, while continuous store a numeric measurement that occurs everywhere like elevation Spatial Analyst - Correct Answer ✅extension in ArcGIS that contains functions/toolboxes to perform raster analysis

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

Overlay analysis - Correct Answer ✅two or more input layers are processed to create an output map algebra/raster calculator - Correct Answer ✅rasters with the same extent and resolution can be analyze through multiplying, adding, or subtracting Boolean raster - Correct Answer ✅a raster with cells that contain a 1 to indicate true or 0 to indicate false regarding a specified condition Boolean overlay - Correct Answer ✅evaluating rasters with Boolean operators to evaluate areas where combinations of specific conditions exist weighted overlay - Correct Answer ✅Overlays several rasters using a common measurement scale and weights each according to its importance. distance function: euclidean distance - Correct Answer ✅used to calculate distances from a set of vector features

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

least cost path - Correct Answer ✅A path between source and destination that has the least cost density functions-simple density v.s kernal density - Correct Answer ✅simple density function assumes that the weight value occurs exactly at the feature location while kernal spreads the value over an area with max at the middle and decreasing around it Interpolation - Correct Answer ✅estimates values in between point measurements Tobler's Law - Correct Answer ✅all places are interrelated, but closer places are more related than farther ones surface analysis-slope - Correct Answer ✅calculates the steepness of a surface such as a DEM with output in degrees or percent surface analysis-aspect - Correct Answer ✅direction of steepest slope, expressed in degrees from 0-

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

surface analysis--hillshade, - Correct Answer ✅mimics the appearance of a uniform topographic surface under an illumination surface viewshed - Correct Answer ✅shows the areas that are visible from a designated point azimuth and zenith angle - Correct Answer ✅azimuth is 0-360 while zenith if 0-90 from above the horizon Neighborhood statistics-block and focal - Correct Answer ✅block evaluates one set of cells and then moves to an entirely new set with no overlap. Focal moves one cell at a time to create overlapping neighborhoods neighborhood-zonal statistics - Correct Answer ✅set of cells or features with a unique value ch 12: Web GIS - Correct Answer ✅content is delivered through the web

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

client - Correct Answer ✅a computer or other device that requires information or services and requests the over the internet web server - Correct Answer ✅computer runs software that allows it to receive requests from clients and to deliver the requested resources GIS server - Correct Answer ✅delivers the information while the web server focuses on communicating with the clients datasets - Correct Answer ✅can be downloaded and stored locally by desktop or laptop computers web maps - Correct Answer ✅map that used only GIS services rather than locally stored data web apps - Correct Answer ✅allow a user to share maps and related information in an interactive way rather than just a static display

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

geoprocessing service - Correct Answer ✅an analysis tool provided by a GIS server, in which the processing is done on the server rather than on the client's device AGOL - Correct Answer ✅cloud based platform for sharing GIS resources. Can be accessed through ArcGIS Pro, web browser, open (anyone-including public account), subscription (organizational account) AGOL services - Correct Answer ✅feature layers, imagery layers, map image layers, tile layers AGOL shareable/publish - Correct Answer ✅web map, packages, tables web maps vs web apps - Correct Answer ✅Web maps are sharable maps comprised of one or multiple layers and allows styles, pop-ups, labels and access permission. They can be created in PRO or AGOL and viewed by mobile devices. Web apps are designed to work in a standard browser, but configured to consume a web map and to allow a viewer to interact e.g. story maps.

Answers (Latest Update 2023)

sharing in AGOl - Correct Answer ✅hosted services, publishing privileges, packages ( compacted all data for a layer, map, etc. into a single file ModelBuilder - Correct Answer ✅a diagram that chain together sequences of geoprocessing tools (workflow) and connects them with inputs and outputs