Global Perspective - Introduction Sociology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Introduction to Sociology

Download Global Perspective - Introduction Sociology - Lecture Slides and more Slides Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 23 Social Change in Global Perspective docsity.com Chapter Outline • What is Social Change? • Theories of Social Change • The Causes of Social Change • Modernization • Global Theories of Social Change • Diversity, Globalization and Social Change docsity.com Polling Question • The government should recognize homosexual marriages under the law with the same privileges as heterosexual marriages. A.) Strongly agree B.) Agree somewhat C.) Unsure D.) Disagree somewhat E.) Strongly disagree docsity.com Theories of Social Change: General Theories How do societies change? Functionalist Evolutionary Theory From simple to complex and to a differentiated division of labor. Conflict Theory From class-based to a classless society. Cyclical Theory They develop in cycles from idealistic to sensate culture. docsity.com Theories of Social Change: General Theories Primary cause of social change Functionalist Evolutionary Theory Technology Conflict Theory Economic conflict between social classes Cyclical Theory Necessity for growth docsity.com Causes of Social Change • Revolution • Collective Behavior • Cultural Diffusion • Technological Innovation • Social Movements • Inequality • Population • War docsity.com Revolution • The overthrow of a state or the total transformation of central state institutions. – Social structural conditions that often lead to revolution: • A highly state do repressed that a strong political culture develops out of resistance. • A major economic crisis or the development of a new economic system that transforms the world economy. docsity.com Cultural Diffusion • The transmission of cultural elements from one society or cultural group to another. • Cultural diffusion can occur by means of trade, migration, mass communications media, and social interaction. docsity.com Modernization • Social and cultural change initiated by industrialization and followed by increased social differentiation and division of labor. • Characteristics 1. Modernization is typified by the decline of small, traditional communities. 2. With increasing modernization, a society becomes more bureaucratized. 3. There is a decline in the importance of religious institutions. docsity.com Ferdinand Tönnies • Tönnies argued that the Industrial Revolution, with its emphasis on efficiency, destroyed the sense of community (gemeinschaft) and personal ties substituting feelings of rootlessness and impersonality (gesellschaft ). docsity.com Three Main Orientations of Personality • Social theorist David Riesman argued that the following orientations of personality can be traced to social structural conditions: – other-directedness—The individual is guided by the observed behavior of others and characterized by conformity. – inner-directedness—The individual is guided by internal principles and morals – tradition-directedness—conformity to longstanding and time-honored norms, practices, and styles of life. docsity.com World Systems Theory • Argues that all nations are members of a worldwide system of unequal political and economic relationships that benefit the developed and technologically advanced countries at the expense of the less technologically advanced and less developed. • Less developed nations are thus shortchanged in the world system. As discussed in Chapter 10, this docsity.com World Systems Theory • Core nations, such as the United States, England, and Japan, produce goods and services both for their own consumption and for export. • The core nations import raw materials and cheap labor from noncore nations situated in Africa, Latin America, South America, and parts of Asia. • These nations occupy lower positions in the global economy, thus showing a stratification of the global economy. docsity.com Dependency Theory • Dependency theory sees the highly industrialized core nations as transferring only those narrow capabilities it serves them to deliver. • Core nations seek to preserve the status quo because they derive benefits in the form of cheap raw materials and labor from the noncore, or peripheral, nations. • Thus core nations actively prevent upward social and economic mobility within and among the developing noncore nations. docsity.com Answer: a • The alteration of social relationships, institutions, stratification systems, and elements of culture over time, is referred to as social change. docsity.com 2. _______ are gradual transformations that occur on a broad scale and affect many aspects of society. a. Macrochanges b. Extreme changes c. Pseudo-changes d. Microchanges docsity.com Answer: a • Macrochanges are gradual transformations that occur on a broad scale and affect many aspects of society. docsity.com 4. "Societies become more homogenized as the result of technological change." This statement most closely reflects: a. dependency theory b. cyclical theory c. modernization theory d. functionalism docsity.com Answer: c • Societies become more homogenized as the result of technological change." This statement most closely reflects modernization theory. docsity.com 5. ________ refers to a state characterizes by a sense of fellow feeling, strong personal ties, and sturdy primary group memberships. a. Gemeinschaft b. Urban folk c. Tonnies' village d. Gesellschaft docsity.com