Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration - General Biology | BIOL 1005, Study notes of Biology

Download Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration - General Biology | BIOL 1005 and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Study Guide for Chapter 8 Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

1. Study Chapter Outline on Page 133 ponder the question of how these cyclists (p.
   132. can generate so much energy for such a long period of time. Is it possible to “cheat” on energy production? It is possible to cheat energy production through fermentation without oxygen. For example when sprinting one can continue to run even though they are not taking in enough oxygen to be able to produce cellular respiration regularly…
2. Ready Chapter carefully and completely Focus on the following: What exactly is glycolysis? Glycolisis breaks down glucose to pyruvate releasing chemical energy  Each molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate  During this two ATP molecules and two NADPH molecules are formed DETAILED GLYCOLISIS:  GLUCOSE!!!  Glucose molecule is energized by a high energy phosphate from an ATP  Molecule is rearranged to form fructose 6 phophate  Another phosphate is added from another ATP=fructose-1 and 6 biphosphate  The fructose biphophase is split into G3P and DHAP  DHAP arranges into G3P  Now Both G3P goes through same reaction o Two electrons and hydrogen ion are added to form NADH o A phosphate is attached o Results in biphosphoglycerate  One phosphate from each biphosphoglcerate is transferred to ADP to make two ATPS  Then another reaction with the second ATP occurs and Pyruvate is left over  PYRUVATE!!!!!! What are the differences between glycolysis and cellular respiration? I thought it was all cellular respiration. Glycolysis is the first half of cellular respiration. Cellular Respiration: is a series of reactions that occur under aerobic conditions -produce large amounts of ATP -breaks down pyruvate from glycolysis into Carbon dioxide and water -occurs in the mitochondria What do mitochondria have to do with anything?  Where cellular respiration occurs

 Has two compartments o The inner membrane encloses a central compartment containing the fluid matrix o The outer membrane surrounds the organelle producing an intermembrane space  In the Matrix the Krebs cycle occurs o First stage: Formation of Acety Coenzym A  Pyruvate is split to form CO2 and an acetyl group  Actyl group combines with CoA to form actyl CoA  Simultaniously NAD+ receives two electrons and and a hydrogen ion to make NADPH o Second Stage: The KREBS CYCLE  The acetyl CoA gives the acetyl to oxaloacetate to make citrate.  CoA is released  Converted to isocitrate-ketogulutaratesuccinatefumarate  Fermate is converted to malate  Malate is converted to oxaloacetate and NADPH is formed from NAD o IN SUMMERY  Synthesis of acteyl CoA produces one CO2 and one NADH per pyruvate  The krebs cycle produces two CO2, one ATP, three NAPH, and one FADH  In the end pyruvate has been completely broken down into 6 CO molecules  During the process two ATPS and 10 high energy electron carriers 8 NADPH and 2 FADH2 have been produced from ONE Glucose molecule What does a Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread, and a Bowl of Sauerkraut have to do with any of this? (Essay on P. 139). Fermentation occurs if there is no oxygen present after glycolysis.  Without oxygen fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide  WITH oxygen fermentation produces lactic acid What is Intermediary Metabolism? Is it possible to get fat from sugar? I thought these were two completely different molecules. o IT is possible to get fat off of suger because fat synthesizes from suger o SEE Intermediary Metabolism Chart

3. Understand the pitifully small vocabulary on Page 146. Go back through the chapter and pick up the rest of the words in bold, italics, and parentheses, and add to the list.
4. Study the Chapter Review section – this is very good.
5. Work through the “Thinking Through the Concepts” section.

6. So, what is meant by “being in shape”? a.