GMAT Exam Prep: Comprehensive Guide to Mastering the Fundamentals, Exams of Nursing

Download GMAT Exam Prep: Comprehensive Guide to Mastering the Fundamentals and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS Basic Grammar Rules for Sentence Correction Portion - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Agreement: -non-verb agreement: singular subjects w singular verbs, plural w plural. I walk to the store not I walks to the store. -pronoun agreement: pronoun must agree w/ noun/pronoun it refers to in person, number, and gender. When you dream, you are usually asleep, not when one dreams, you are usually asleep. 2. Diction: -among vs between: among refers to relationships involving >2 objects. Between is for relationships with only 2 objects. -as vs like: As can be a preposition meaning "in capacity of" or can be a conjunction of manner followed by a verb. Like is used as a preposition, and should be followed by a noun, object pronoun, or verb ending in -ing. -mass and count words: mass words are nouns quantified by an amount rather than a number. Count words are nouns quantified by a number. -pronouns: myself shouldn't substitute I or me. 3. Grammatical Construction: -fragments: parts of a sentence disconnected from the main clause. -run-on sentences: two independent clauses that run together without proper punctuation. -constructions: wordy and redundant. 4. Idiom: Nonstandard expressions should be avoided, although English idioms don't always follow conventional grammatical rules. Be sure to use the correct idiom when using the constructions and parts of speech. -Prepositions: specific prepositions have specific purposes jog in the morning vs jog on the morning. -Correlatives: word combos such as "not only... but also" should be followed by an element of the same grammatical type. -Forms of comparison: fewer refers to a specific number, whereas less than refers to a continuous quantity. Between... and is the correct for to designate a choice. Farther is for distance, further refers to degree. GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS 5. Logical Predication: phrases detracting from the logical argument. -modification problems: modifiers should be pos Properties of Integers - CORRECT ANSWERS An integer is any number in a set {-1, 0, 1}. If x and y are integers and x >0, x is a factor of y as long as y=xn for some integer n. In other words, y would be divisible by/a multiple of x. A quotient is the number that can be evenly divided into another, the remainder is what is left over if it is not even. y is divisible by x only if the remainder is 0. When a small integer is divided by a large integer, the quotient is 0 and the remainder is the small integer. (5/7= 7(0) + 5). Integers divisible by two are called even. Those not divisible by two are called odd. If at least one factor in a product of integers is even, the product itself is even. Otherwise, it is odd. If two numbers are both even or odd, their sum and difference will be even. Otherwise, it is odd. A prime number is a positive integer with only two different positive divisors, 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11. 1 is not a prime number because it only has 1 divisor. Every number > 1 is either prime or a can be shown as a product of prime numbers. Consecutive integers are all in a row. n, n+1, n+2, etc. Consecutive even integers= 2, 4, 6, 8. 2n, 2n+2, 2n+4, etc. Consecutive odd integers= 1, 3, 5, 7. 2n+1, 2n+3, etc. If n is any number then 1 x n = n. If n is not 0 then n x 1/n=1. 0 is neither positive nor negative. Cant divide by 0. Fractions - CORRECT ANSWERS Denominator can never be 0. Two fractions are equivalent if they represent the same number. Fractions can be reduced to their lowest terms by dividing the num and denom by their greatest common divisor. Adding/subtracting fractions: Fractions with the same denom can be added or subtracted through the numerators, leaving the denom the same. If the denom isn't the same, make it GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS Standard deviation= find the mean, find the differences between the mean and each of the numbers in the data set, square all of the diffs, find the average of the squared diffs, take the square root of this. Smaller standard deviation= numbers being closer to the mean. Frequency distribution= lists each value and the frequency with which it occurs. Sets - CORRECT ANSWERS A set is a collection of numbers or objects. The objects are called elements. The number of elements in set S is denoted |S|. The order of the elements in the set doesn't matter. If all of the elements of set S are also elements of set T, then S is a subset of T. The union of sets A and B is the set of all elements that are in A or B or both (denoted by U). The intersection is the set of all elements that are in both A and B (denoted by upside down U). Two sets with nothing in common are disjoint/mutually exclusive. The number of elements in the union equals the sum of the number of elements in both sets minus the number of elements in the intersection. If they are mutually exclusive then it's just the sum of the number of elements in both sets. Counting Methods - CORRECT ANSWERS Can count objects and sets of objects without listing the elements to be counted with the multiplication principle: If an object is to be chosen from a set of m objects and a second object is to be chosen from a set of n objects, there are mn ways of choosing both objects simultaneously. n! is the product of all the integers from 1 to n. Also 0!=1!=1. Can use the factorial to count the number of ways that a set of objects can be ordered- n(n- 1)(n-2)....=n! This is a permutation, a selection process in which objects are selected one by one in a certain order. If the order of selection is not relevant and k objects are to be selected from a larger set of n objects, where 0<=k<=n, the number of possible selections of k objects is called the number of combinations of n objects taken k at a time, and is denoted (n above k). This equls n!/[k! x (n-k)!]. Every subset chosen of (n above k) is equal to a subset (n above n-k) of elements not chosen. Discrete Probability - CORRECT ANSWERS Concerned with experiments that have a finite number of outcomes. An event is a particular set of outcomes. The probability that an event GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS E occurs P(E) is a number between 0 and 1, inclusive. If E has no outcomes, it is impossible and P(E)=0. If E is the set of all possible outcomes of the experiment then E is certain to occur and P(E)=1. Otherwise E is possible but uncertain, and 0<P(E)<1. If F is a subset of E, P(F)<P(E). If the probability of each of the outcomes is equally likely, the probability of each one is 1/number outcomes, and the probability of an event E is P(E) = total number of outcomes in E/total number of possible outcomes. In an experiment with events E and F, the probability that E doesn't occur is 1- P(E). The probability that the union of E and F occurs is P(E or F)= P(E) + P(F) - P(intersection of E and F). Two events A and B are said to be independent if the occurence of either one doesn't alter the probability that the other will occur. The probability of A assuming B occurs is (number of outcomes in A intersection w/ B)/number of outcomes in B. If A is independent of B, this will be the same as the normal probability of A occurring. Same thing w B. For independent events, the multiplication rule is that P(E and F)= P(E) x P(F). This will equal the intersection if there is one, and thus it follows from the addition rule that P(E or F) = P(E) + P(F) - [P(E) x P(F)]. Simplifying Algebraic Expressions - CORRECT ANSWERS Simplify by factoring (9x+3y = 3(3x+y)) or combining like terms. If there are common factors in the numerator and denominator of an expression, they can be divided out, provided that they are not equal to 0. To multiply algebraic expressions, each term of one expression is multiplied by each term of the other. Equations - CORRECT ANSWERS Solutions must make an equation true when they are entered into it. Two equations with the same solution(s) are equivalent. If there are two unknowns in equivalent equations, they have an infinite number of solutions. GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS Solving Linear Equations with One Unknown - CORRECT ANSWERS Isolate the unknown on one side of the equation. Do this by applying the same math to both sides of the equation. Can check the solution by susbsituting it into the original equation to see if it satisfies it. Solving Two Linear Equations with Two Unknowns - CORRECT ANSWERS If the two equations are equivalent, there are infinetely many solutions. If they are not, they either have a unique solution or no solution. When solved, a contradiction is no solution, 0=0 is equivalency, and a unique solution is just that. Solve for x or y in one equation and then plug that into the other to solve the equation with one variable. When that variable is found, you can plug it into either of the original equations to find the value of the other variable. Can also solve by making the coefficients of one of the unknowns equal (through multiplying each of the equations by some lcm), and adding/subtracting the equations to eliminate that unknown. Then can solve for the other unknown and plug it into one of the original equations to find the first unknown. Solving Equations by Factoring - CORRECT ANSWERS Add or subtract to bring all of the expressions to one side of the equation, with a 0 on the other side. Try to factor the nonzero side into a product of expressions, which can then each by set equal to 0 for simpler equations that possibly can be solved. The solutions of the simpler equations will be the solutions of the factored equation. A fraction equals 0 only if its numerator equals 0, so if a fraction equals 0 can set the equation in the numerator equal to 0. Solving Quadratic Equations - CORRECT ANSWERS ax^2 + bx + c. a can't = 0. Can factor to solve. There will be two roots, one root, or no roots. If a quadratic can't easily be factored, use the quadratic formula, x = -b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)]/ 2a Exponents - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. (x^r)(x^s) = x(r+s) 2. (x^r)/(x^s)=x(r-s) GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS right triangle. In 45-45-90 triangles the ratio is 1:1:sqrt(2). In 30-60-90 triangles the lengths of the sides are in the ratio 1:sqrt(3):2. The altitude (height) of a triangle is the segment drawn from a vertex perpendicular to the side opposite that vertex. The opposite side is called the base. The area of a right trangle is BH/2. In an isoceles triangle the altitude could bisect the base if the two other sides are equal. In an equilateral triangle the altitude always bisects the side to which it is drawn. Quadrilaterals - CORRECT ANSWERS Polygons with 4 sides. A quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel is called a parallelogram. The opposite sides of a parallelogram have equal length. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect one another. The area of a parallelogram is equal to BH. where H is height/length of altitude. A parallelogram with right angles is a rectangle. A rectangle with sides of all equal length is a square. The diagonals of a rectangle = sqrt(b2 + h2). A quadrilateral with two parallel sides is a trapezoid. The area of a trapezoid is 1/2(sum of the lengths of the bases)(H). Circles - CORRECT ANSWERS A circle is a set of points in a plane that are all located the same distance from a fixed point (the center). A chord of a circle is a line segment that has its endpoints on the circle. A chord that passes through the center of the circle is the diameter of the circle. A radius is a segment from the center of the circle to a point on the circle. The circumference of a circle is the distance around it. If r is the radius, the circumference is (2pi)r. Where pi is approximately 3.14. The area of a circle of radius r is pi(r^2). GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS The number of degrees in a circle is 360. Arcs are x/360 of the circumference of the circle. A line that has one point in common to the circle is tangent to the circle. A radius/diamater with an endpoint at the point of tangency is perpendicular to the tangent line. If each vertex of a polygon lies on a circle, the polygon is inscribed in the circle and circle is circumscribed about the polygon. If each side of a polygon is tangent to a circle, then the polygon is circumscribed about the circle and the circle is inscribed in the polygon. If a triangle is inscribed in a circle so that one of its sides is a diameter of the circle, the triangle is a right triangle. Rectangular Solids and Cylinders - CORRECT ANSWERS A rectangular solid is a 3d figure formed by 6 rectangles, each of which is a face. Each line segment is an edge, and each point which the edges meet is a vertex. Opposite faces are parallel rectangles that have the same dimensions. A rectangular solid in which all of the edges are of equal length is a cube. The surface area of a rectangular solid is the sum of the areas of all the faces. The volume is equal to LWH or (area of the base x H). The surface area of a right cylinder is [2(pi(r^2))] + [2(pi(rh))]. The volume of a cylinder is pi(r^2)h. Coordinate Geometry - CORRECT ANSWERS One way to find the distance between two points in the coordinate plane is to the the pythagorean theorem. In y=mx+b, m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. The slope is the difference in the y- coordinates/difference in the x-coordinates. The x-intercept can be found by setting y=0 and solving for x. GMAT EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 BEST RATED A+ FOR SUCCESS Can use the slope to find the equation with the formula y-y1 = m(x-x1) by plugging in one of the points used to calculate the slope. If the slope is 0 the line is horizontal and the equation is y=b. For a vertical line slope is undefined and the equation is x=a, where a is the x-intercept. For two linear equations with two unknowns, the lins will intersect is there is one solution, will be the same if there are infinetely many solutions, and will be parallel if there is no solution. Functions can be expressed as y= the function, where y is equated with the value of the function. They can also be expressed as f(x)=y, where any x in the domain of the function f is the point (x, f(x)), which will be on the graph of f. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. The roots of the quadratic equation will be the x-intercepts on the graph, and the value of f(0) will be the y-intecept. Rate Problems - CORRECT ANSWERS D=RxT. Can solve some w ratios. If 5 shirts cost $44, then, at this rate, what is the cost of 8 shirts? 5/44= 8/x. Cross multiply and solve. Work Problems - CORRECT ANSWERS Usually gives the rate at which two things work alone and asks you to compute the rate at which they work together (or vice versa). The formula for these is 1/r + 1/s = 1/h. Will have to cross multiply and solve once you get fractions on either side. Mixture Problems - CORRECT ANSWERS Combine two things of different characteristics and ask you to determine the characteristics of the resulting mixture. Interest Problems - CORRECT ANSWERS Simple annual interest=PRT. If compounded must be computed on principal + any interest already earned. Discount Problems - CORRECT ANSWERS If a price is discounted by n percent then the price becomes 100-n percent of the original price.