Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University Medical College, Study notes of Pathophysiology

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GRADUATE SCHOOL OF

MEDICAL SCIENCES

Cornell University Medical College

1300 York Avenue, New York 21, N .Y.

1958-1959 and 1959-

CONTENTS

• Graduate School of Medical Sciences - Officers of Administration and Faculty
  • Cornell University Medical College
    • Graduate School History
    • Facilities
      • The Medical College and the Sloan-Kettering Institute
    • Organization and Purpose of the Graduate School
    • Committee on Graduate Study
    • Admission
    • Registration
    • Major and Minor Subjects
    • Residence Requirements
    • Language Requirements
    • Examinations
    • Grades
    • Theses
    • Noncandidates
    • Expenses
    • Student Health Service
    • Summary of Regulations
  • Fields of Instruction
    • Instruction at the Medical College
      • Anatomy
        • Biochemistry
        • Microbiology and Immunology
        • Pathology
        • Pharmacology
        • Physiology and Biophysics
        • Public Health and Preventive Medicine
    • Instruction at the Sloan-Kettering Institute - Biochemistry - Biology and Growth - Biophysics - Pathology - Preventive Medicine
  • Register of Students

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF

MEDICAL SCIENCES

OFFICERS OF ADM INISTRATION

DEANE W. MALOTT, A.15., M.B.A., LL.D., 1 ).C.S., President of Cornell University. JOHN W. McCONNELL, B.A., Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate School of Cornell University. JOHN E. DEITRICK, B.S., M.D., Associate Dean of the Graduate School of M edical Sciences.

COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDY

JOHN E. DEITRICK, Chairman GEORGE B. BROWN DON W. FAWCETT LIE BE F. CAVALIERI ROBERT F. PITTS

FACULTY

PROFESSORS

JOHN J. I5IESELE. B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. OSCAR BODANSKY, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Biochem istry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. GEORGE B. BROWN, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biochem istry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. McKEEN CATTELL, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. EMERSON DAY, R.A., M.D., Professor of Preventive M edicine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. A. J. DALTON, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. VINCENT d u VIGNEAUD, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biochem istry, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. DON W. FAWCETT, B.A., M.D., Professor of A natom y, Cornell University Medical College. THOMAS F. GALLAGHER, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Biochem istry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. HARRY GOLD, R.A., M.D., Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. JOHN G. KIDD, B.A., M.D., Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College.

JOHN S. LAUGHLIN, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute. WALSH McDERMOTT, B.A., M.D., Livingston Farrand Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. JAMES M. NEILL. B.S.. Ph.D.. Sc.D., Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University Medical College. JOHN M. PEARCE, Ph.B., M.D., Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. FREDERICK S. PHILLIPS, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Pharmacology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROBERT F. PITTS, B.S., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cor nell University Medical College. CORNELIUS P. RHOADS, B.A., M.D., Sc.D., Professor of Pathology, Sloan Kettering Institute; Scientific Director. Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases. WALTER F. RIKER, B.S., M.D., Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. FRED W. STEWART, B.A., Ph.D., M.D., Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. C. CHESTER STOCK, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. GEORGE W. WOOLLEY. B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS

RALPH K. BARCLAY, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. AARON BF.NDICH, B.S., Ph.D.. Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROY W. BONSNES, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. LIF.BE F. CAVALIERI, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. DONALD A. CLARKE, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN T. ELLIS, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. FRANK W. FOOTE, J r .. B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. DAVID K. FUKUSHIMA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ROGER I.. GRF.IF. B.S., M.D., Associate Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. LEONARD D. HAMILTON, B.A., B.M., B.Ch., M.A., D.M., Ph.D., Associate Pro fessor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. DORRIS J. HUTCHISON, U.S.. M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JOHN A. JACQUEZ, M.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. AARON KELLNER, B.A., M.S.. M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. EDWIN D. KILBOURNE, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Public Health and Pre ventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. LEOPOLD G. KOSS, M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

JOHN MacLEOD, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Anatomy, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. ROBERT C. MELLORS, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. DONALD B. MELVILLE, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistiy, Cornell University Medical College. WALTER MODELL, B.S., M.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. WILLIAM L. MONEY, B.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ALICE E. MOORE, B.A., M.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. GEORGE E. MURPHY, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. MARY L. PETERMANN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JULIAN R. RACHELE, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Cor nell University Medical College. H. CHRISTINE REILLY, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. GOETZ W. RICHTER, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. STEPHEN S. STERNBERG, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN Y. SUGG, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University Medical College. ROY C. SWAN, B.A.. M.D., Associate Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. HELENE W. TOOLAN, B.S., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. F. STEPHEN VOGEL, B.A., M.D., Associate Professor of Pathology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. GERHARD WERNER, M.D., Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. ERNEST L. WYNDER, B.A., B.S., (Med.Sc.), M.D., Associate Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. MARJORIE BASS ZUCKER, B.A., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Physiology, Sloan- Kettering Institute.

ASSISTANT PROFESSORS

IRVING ABRAHAMS, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Microbiology and Im m u nology, Cornell University Medical College. JOHN J. ADAIR, Ph.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. GENEVIEVE M. BADER, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. M. EARL BALIS, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. NATHANIEL BARR, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOHN W. BERG, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. MONES BERMAN, E.E., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute.

H. LEON BRADLOW, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. WILLIAM T. BRADNER, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. IRWIN D. J. BROSS, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biometrics in Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. WILLIAM D. CASH, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. A. R. T. DENUES, B.E., M.G.E., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. KURT W. DEUSCHLE. B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preven tive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. JACK J. FOX, B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. CHARLOTTE FRIEND, B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Microbiology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. GERHARDT H. GIEBISH, M.D., Assistant Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. HELENA GILDER, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. WILBUR D. HAGAMEN, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. THEODORE HALL, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan-Kettering Institute. ELIZABETH D. HAY, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College. HAROLD G. HEMPLING, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College. ROBERT L. HIRSCH, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Cornell Univer sity Medical College. WILLIAM D. JOHNSON, M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. BENJAMIN H. KEAN, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preven tive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. LEONARD KORNGOLD, E.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JAMES R. McCARROLL. B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Pre ventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. ROBERT M. McCUNE, B.A., M.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Pre ventive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. PHILIP C. MERKER, B.A., B.Sc.Pharm., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute. WILBUR F. NOYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. WALTER O’DONNELL, M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan- Kettering Institute. LOUIS G. ORTEGA, M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Insti tute. RICHARD H. OSBORN, B.S., B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medi cine, Sloan-Kettering Institute. IRA PULLMAN, B.S., Ch.E., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biophysics, Sloan- Kettering Institute. JOSEPH F. REILLY, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College.

JAY ROBERTS, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College. ROBERT S. ROSENFELD, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. LEONARD L. ROSS, B.A., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Cornell Uni versity Medical College. MORTON K. SCHWARTZ, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute. JOHN F. SEYBOLT, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Pathology, Cornell University Medical College. MORRIS N. TELLER, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Sloan- Kettering Institute. LOUIS VENET, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan- Kettering Institute. SAM C. WONG, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Public Health and Preven tive Medicine, Cornell University Medical College. HELEN Q. WOODARD, B.S., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Sloan- Kettering Institute. SAI-HOU YING, B.S., M.D., Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine, Sloan- Kettering Institute.

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

MEDICAL COLLEGE

GRADUATE SCHOOL HISTORY

ORK leading to an advanced degree was first offered in the

Medical College in 1912 as a cooperative arrangem ent with the

Graduate School of Cornell University. U nder the plan as originally

announced, students registered for an advanced degree in the Medical

College, but in all respects they were subject to the rules and regula

tions prevailing at the University. T he departm ents offering graduate

instruction were identified in the first announcem ent merely as the

“scientific departm ents.”

Graduate work has continued to occupy a place in the Medical Col

lege since the year it was established, and advanced degrees have been

awarded in anatomy, bacteriology and immunology, biochemistry,

pathology, pharmacology, physiology and biophysics, and public health

and preventive medicine.

In June, 1950, the trustees of Cornell University approved an arrange

ment whereby the Sloan-Kettering Institute became a part of the

Graduate School division of the Medical College for the purpose of

offering instruction leading to graduate degrees in the basic science

fields. Although the Cornell University Medical College and the Sloan-

Kettering Institute were already closely associated, this arrangement

made possible the extension of graduate work into certain specialized

areas, especially in the field of cancer. This expansion of the New York

City component of the Graduate School prom pted the Graduate faculty

of the University to give consideration to m atters of adm inistration with

the result that by action of the trustees in January, 1952, the Graduate

School of Medical Sciences was established, which, with the approval

of the Graduate faculty of Cornell University, “shall have full respon

sibility for advanced and professional degrees granted for study in

residence at the New York City campus of Cornell University.”

T he five buildings of the College extending along York Avenue from

Sixty-eighth to Seventieth Streets contain the classrooms, student labo-

FACILITIES

THE MEDICAL COLLEGE

PURPOSE OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL 9

ratories, library, and research facilities for undergraduate work. The

regular course of instruction to medical students is conducted for the

most part on the second and third floors of the Medical College. Stu

dents in the Graduate School carry on their work on all floors of the

College buildings. They are not only eligible to take any of the subjects

with the regular medical students, hut in most instances certain of these

courses are required of the candidate for an advanced degree.

THE SLOAN-KETTERING IN ST IT U TE

T he Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases comprises the

city block between York and First Avenues from Sixty-seventh to Sixty-

eighth Streets. In the center of the group of buildings on the Sixty-

eighth Street side is located the Sloan-Kettering Institute, a thirteen-

story structure, devoted primarily to research work pertaining to cancer

and allied conditions. Ample opportunities for advanced training are

offered in the Institute by reason of its special facilities and its staff

of experienced investigators. On the several floors of the building are

located laboratories and modern equipm ent for studies in bacteriology,

biochemistry, biophysics, cell physiology, experimental cancer chemo

therapy, experimental pathology, immunochemistry, pharmacology,

radiation biology, steroid metabolism, and virology.

O R G A N IZA TIO N AN D PURPOSE

OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL

T he Graduate School of Medical Sciences offers work leading to the

degrees of M.S. and Ph.D. in the basic science fields.

T he Dean of the Medical College, who holds the additional title of

Associate Dean of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences, is the

administrative head, and as the responsible officer he is required to

report annually to the Graduate faculty of Cornell University for

approval of the activities of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

T he faculty includes the professors, associate professors, and assist

ant professors in all departments of the Medical College (excepting

those in the clinical fields) and all members in the three professorial

ranks in the Sloan-Kettering Division. Members of the staff holding

appointments in the rank of associate or instructor may also take part

in the teaching of graduate students. They are not eligible, however, to

take the responsibility for the total work of a graduate student.

It is the purpose of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cor

nell University to offer facilities for advanced study and research so

that students may obtain a comprehensive view of a field of knowledge

and receive the training required for independent investigation in that

field. In providing this opportunity, the School makes it possible for

the students to associate freely with m ature scholars who will give

them such aid and direction as they may need. Accomplishment is

judged prim arily by the evidence of growing responsibility for the

advancement of knowledge and not by fulfillment of routine require

ments or by courses and credits.

THE COMMITTEE O N GRADUATE STUDY

T he Committee on Graduate Study is both an administrative and a

judicial board of the Graduate School, and its membership has con

tinuing responsibility for the School. It is the duty of the Committee

to consider such matters as are referred to it by the faculty or by the

members of the faculty, and upon its own initiative to make recom

mendations to the faculty regarding questions involving the interests

or policies of the Graduate School.

T he Associate Dean serves as chairman of the Committee on Grad

uate Study with four members of the Graduate faculty. Two members

of the Committee represent the faculty of Sloan-Kettering Division and

the remaining two members are chosen from the facidty in the basic

science fields of the Medical College. T he faculty members of the Com

mittee are nominated by the Associate Dean and appointed annually

by the President of the University.

This board of the Graduate faculty serves as an agency for (1) approval

and adm inistration of the admission of students; (2) approval of m ajor

and m inor subjects; (3) allotm ent of units of credit toward advanced

degrees; (4) supervision of nominations and adm inistration of fellow

ships and scholarships; (5) selection of members of the faculty to con

duct and make recommendations in the fulfillment of the language

requirements; (6) the solution of student problems involving academic

irresponsibility.

ADMISSION

T o be admitted, an applicant (1) must hold a Bachelor’s degree from

a college or university of recognized standing, or must have done work

equivalent to that required for such a degree; (2) must have adequate

preparation in the chosen Field of Instruction; and (3) as judged by

his previous scholastic record or other achievements, must show promise

of doing well in advanced study and research.

A student is not encouraged to apply for admission until he has

conferred with a faculty member connected with one of the m ajor

disciplines in either the Medical College or the Sloan-Kettering Divi

sion and obtained the consent of a professor to sponsor the program

he proposes to undertake. T he faculty member in agreeing to sponsor

a student for major work becomes responsible (provided the student is

accepted) for the adm inistration and long-range planning of a balanced

program of graduate study for the candidate. In consultation with other

faculty members the sponsor organizes and acts as chairman of a faculty

group, or Special Committee, whose members consist of those partici

pating in teaching in the student’s minor fields. T he sponsor shall

prepare reports for the Associate Dean concerning grades made in

formal courses and performance in research; he shall make requests for

Qualifying and Final Examinations.

Scores made in the Graduate Record Examination, although not

required, will prove helpful in determ ining the acceptability of the

applicant. Students who plan to take this exam ination should com

municate directly with the Educational Testing Service, P.O. Box 592,

Princeton, New Jersey.

For students planning to take up graduate work at the beginning of

the academic year in September, the application and all supporting

data should be in the Office of the Graduate School at the Medical

College not later than March 1.

A student is not adm itted to the Graduate School until a formal

notice of acceptance has been issued by the Associate Dean of the

Graduate School of Medical Sciences. If the candidate is accepted with

conditions, these will be recorded in the notice of admission.

REGISTRATION

Students taking work in the Graduate School leading to, or in con

templation of, an advanced degree must register in the Administration

Office of the Medical College at the beginning of each academic year. It

is expected that students m atriculated in the Graduate School of Medi

cal Sciences will continue for the full academic year. In the event, how

ever, that circumstances require attendance for less than a year, special

arrangements may be made for registering for one semester. A graduate

student who has completed the requirements of residence for his

degree and who remains in residence while working on his thesis

or while doing other work in contemplation of a degree must register

each term in which he is thus engaged.

A graduate student who discontinues his work for any reason during

a term in which he is registered should immediately report this fact to

the Associate Dean in order to obtain an official withdrawal or an

honorable dismissal.

M AJOR A N D M INOR SUBJECTS

The curriculum of a candidate for the degree of M.S. includes one

major and one m inor subject; of a candidate for the degree of Ph.D.,

one major and two m inor subjects. Approved subjects are listed below

as separate fields of instruction, where some inform ation is given about

them. T he faculty believes that in the m ain the ultim ate aims of can

didacy are best attained by the candidate’s selecting two m inor sub

jects outside the field of his m ajor and a program of study arranged

so as to contain a balance of research and course work leading to a

high standard of proficiency.

RESIDENCE REQUIREMENTS

T he faculty regards study in residence as essential. Although requisite

depth results from intensive study of a m ajor subject and properly

related m inor subjects, candidates for an advanced degree should avoid

overspecialization. T he faculty requires of each candidate for a Master’s

degree a m inim um of two residence units, and for the doctorate, a

minim um of six residence units; one residence unit represents one

academic semester of full-time study.

Graduate students who participate in teaching or research work do

not qualify for full residence credit although their duties usually will

lie in the field of their m ajor interest and contribute to their intel

lectual and technical proficiency. In general a student who gives time

to a related service, not to exceed 6 hours a week, is eligible for full

credit. If his ancillary duties require 20 hours a week, the earned credit

ordinarily will not exceed 3^ of a unit each semester. By earning an

additional /2 unit in summer research, he may earn 2 full units in a

calendar year. But as a rule the Committee on Graduate Study will

not perm it anyone to receive credit for more than two units in any

period of twelve consecutive months. Eligibility to receive residence

units and fractions of units is determined by the Committee on Grad

uate Study for each student individually.

Since no degree is granted unless the candidate has studied in resi

dence for at least two semesters, no residence unit or fraction is granted

in fulfillment of the requirements for a Master’s degree for study outside

this Graduate School. No commitment may be made for acceptance of

previous study in another graduate school in lieu of required residence

until after the candidate has entered into study in residence in the

Graduate School. T hen the residence units, which are evaluated by

the Committee on Graduate Study on the basis of a transcript of record

and other credentials, may not exceed those that would be earned

under similar circumstances at Cornell University, and the passing of

courses or the acquirement of credit hours is not regarded as evidence

satisfactory in itself for transfer of credit. Study as a candidate or as

a special student in an undergraduate college is not acceptable, even

though the courses may be designed for graduate students. A candidate

for the degree of Ph.D. must complete two of the last four units in

successive terms of study at the Graduate School of Medical Sciences.

REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREES 13

In instances, however, where a candidate is taking a portion of his work

under a cooperative arrangement with departments located on the U ni

versity campus at Ithaca, an exception may he made to this regulation.

Each candidate for an advanced degree is expected to complete his

study in residence with reasonable continuity. A candidate who fails

to register during any period of four or more years is dropped from

candidacy and may he readm itted only after the Committee on Grad

uate Study has stipulated the am ount of additional residence to be

required. No more than ten years may intervene between the time of

first registration and the completion of all requirements for a doctorate

degree.

LAN G UAG E REQUIREMENTS

Students planning graduate study leading to an M.S. or Ph.D. degree

must demonstrate proficiency in one language within the first semester

following acceptance. This requirem ent cannot be satisfied by a lan

guage test passed in fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree

in another graduate school.

T o demonstrate proficiency, the candidate is required to pass a

general examination. T he examination will consist of passages from

the biological sciences designed to test the student’s ability to trans

late a representative piece of prose. T he examination will be graded

“pass” or “fail” on the basis of whether the student has demonstrated

sufficient speed and accuracy to make language a useful instrum ent for

research. T he use of a dictionaiy is allowed. A vocabtdary test may be

required in addition to the above general examination.

For the M.S. degree a reading knowledge of either French or German

will fulfill the requirement. Failure to pass the language may require

the candidate to complete three units of residence credits for the degree.

T he student will be expected to demonstrate proficiency before begin

ning the third residence unit.

Students matriculated for the doctoral degree must demonstrate

proficiency in two languages in addition to the one the candidate

commonly uses. Proficiency in English and German is required, and

for the third language, either French, Spanish, or Russian will fulfill

the language requiiem ent. T he second language examination should

be taken as soon as possible after admission to candidacy. U ntil it is

passed, no residence units beyond four will be allowed.

EXAM INATIO NS

Three oral or oral and w ritten examinations are required by the

Graduate faculty: (1) a final examination for the Master’s degree; (2) a

qualifying exam ination for the degree of Ph.D.; (3) a final examination

for the degree of Ph.D. Under certain regulations (1) and (2) may he

combined. T he qualifying exam ination should be taken as early as

possible; at all events, the candidate must complete at least three

units of residence after passing it.

T he doctorate examination is in two parts spaced so as to allow an

interval of not less than foyr months between each part. T he first part

(Exam. A) is on the major and minor subject m atter of the candidate’s

graduate work. For students expecting to get their degrees at the June

Commencement, this exam ination must be passed before January first

preceding the graduation date.

T he second part (Exam. B) of the candidate’s final exam ination is

on the thesis and related m aterial and must be scheduled not later than

the first week in May when all work on the thesis has been completed

and approved by the professors sponsoring the student’s graduate

program.

Students completing their work at another time of the year are

expected to follow a time schedule approximately the same as that for

the candidate who intends to complete the requirements at the end

of the academic year. T he Associate Dean schedules the examinations

and notifies the members of the Graduate faculty so that any member

may attend who wishes to do so.

GRADES

Credit for graduate work is given only when the candidate m ain

tains a satisfactory standard of performance in both his m ajor and his

m inor fields of study. Professors having charge of the work of graduate

students are required to report to the Associate Dean of the Graduate

School of Medical Sciences at the end of each semester, or at the close

of each academic year, grade ratings on all students taking work under

their direction. These grade reports are given in the following terms:

A (93-100%), B (84-92%), C (75-83%) for passable performance,

and F for work unacceptable for credit. Students whose grade falls

below a B may be separated from the Graduate School program.

THESES

Research accomplishment presented in the form of a thesis is a

principal requirem ent for both the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees.

Students enrolled for the Master’s degree are required to prepare

a report on some problem or project undertaken in their m ajor field.

In content and form this report must show scholarly attainm ent.

A copy of the thesis shall be submitted to the professor who sponsors

the m ajor work of the student at least six weeks before the date the

degree is to be awarded.

Doctoral theses must show ability to do critical and independent

investigation, must be a contribution to knowledge, and must be

presented in a scholarly fashion. They should reflect not only a mastery

of a field of research, but the ability to select an im portant problem

for investigation and to deal with it competently. A request for the

final exam ination will be issued only after a written notice has been

given to the Associate Dean by the professor in charge of the candidate’s

m ajor that the thesis is approved.

T he plan in effect in the Graduate School of Cornell University of

using the facilities of the University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan,

has been adopted by the faculty of the Medical College. This arrange

ment provides for publication of the thesis on microfilm and for the

publication of an abstract of the dissertation of not more than 600

words in the monthly publication entitled Dissertation Abstracts.

T he thesis must be typewritten, double-spaced, on durable rag bond

8y2 by 11 inches, with a left-hand margin of at least an inch and a

quarter. A new black ribbon should be used so as to obtain a clear

dense copy for each page, and the ribbon copy (original) must be

deposited with the Associate Dean for transfer to the Medical College

Library and for microfilming. One carbon copy, which should be on

paper of lighter weight than bond, is also required for deposit in the

departm ent where the thesis work was done. Both the original and the

one carbon copy of the thesis are submitted unbound.

NONCANDIDATES

W herever staff and facilities are available, students may be admitted

as noncandidates and register for such formal or informal instruction

as they are adequately prepared to undertake. T he work of a non

candidate is under the supervision of an adviser selected by the student

and approved by the Associate Dean. He is subject to the general

regulations of the Graduate faculty.

If, for some reason, a student is not considered to be completely

qualified for candidacy, he may be adm itted as a provisional candidate.

In such instances the noncandidate may reapply for admission to candi

dacy after a period of study not exceeding two semesters. If he is

admitted into candidacy, he is not allowed to transfer more than one

semester of study in fulfillment of residence requirements.

A student desiring to change from noncandidacy to candidacy, or

from a Master’s degree to a Doctor’s degree w ithout completing the

former, must file a new application with the Associate Dean.

EXPENSES

A fee of $1,250 an academic year must be paid by all students regis

tered in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences. This is an inclusive

fee with $1,100 of the am ount apportioned for tuition and the remain

der for all accessory items; namely, m atriculation, student hospitaliza

tion insurance, laboratory charges, graduation fee, microfilming of the

doctoral thesis, publishing the abstract in the monthly periodical,

Dissertation Abstracts, m ailing the thesis and abstract to and from the

microfilm publishers, binding two copies of the thesis, and the tuition

fee. T he fee is due at the beginning of the academic year, or in two

equal parts of $625 at the beginning of the fall and spring semesters.

Graduate students who have completed the m inim um residence

requirements (six units) for the Ph.D. degree and have paid the tuition

fees for that degree may complete their thesis in residence and take the

final examinations by registering as candidates for degree only, and

no additional tuition payment will be required of them.

T he head of a departm ent may recommend that a certain graduate

student is needed in the teaching program, and, if approved by the

Associate Dean, a salary will be given to the student in an amount

equal to his tuition, but exclusive of other fees. T he tuition charge as

such, however, is not waived in any instance.

T uition or other fees may be changed by the Trustees at any time

w ithout previous notice.

STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE

Complete ambulatory medical care is provided for all students

matriculated in the Graduate School of Medical Sciences through the

Personnel H ealth Service of the Medical Center. Students m atriculating

for the first time in the Graduate School are required to have a physical

exam ination by a member of the H ealth Service staff. In addition each

student must report for a chest X-ray examination, tuberculin test, and

such immunizations as may be considered necessary at periodic intervals.

No charge is made for medical care through the H ealth Service or for

any X-rays, laboratory tests, or procedures which may be needed. Each

student is required to carry Associated Hospital Service (Blue Cross)

hospitalization insurance unless some similar hospitalization insurance

is currently in effect through a previous policy. T he cost of this insur

ance for an unm arried student is included in the “Expense” fee. Wives

and dependents of students may be covered by the hospitalization insur

ance policy for a small additional fee. Office hours are held daily from

12:30 to 1:30 p.m. by the Student H ealth staff. All cases of illness must

be reported to the H ealth Service. Students may have in attendance

physicians of their own choice, but a reasonable am ount of cooperation

between such physicians and the College Health Service is expected.

Wives and families of students are not eligible for care through the

Personnel H ealth Service but will be referred to appropriate members

of the hospital staff for medical care.

SUMMARY OF REGULATIONS

FOR GRADUATE DEGREES

Students contemplating admission to graduate work leading to the

M.S or Ph.D. degree must first obtain the approval of their program

from a member of the faculty. If encouraged by the faculty member to

proceed, the student may file his application (see page 10).

W hen registered for one of these degrees, the candidate should

observe carefully the following requirements.

FOR THE MASTER’S DEGREE

He must—

1. Complete a m inim um of two units* of work in residence, includ

ing a major and one m inor course of study.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in one foreign language.

3. Pass a final examination covering his general field of study.

4. Present a thesis approved by the professor representing his major

field of study and the Committee on Graduate Study.

5. Submit two typewritten copies of the thesis, one for filing in

the Medical College Library and the other for the departm ent repre

senting his m ajor field of study.

FOR TH E PH.D. DEGREE

He must—

1. Complete six units* of training in residence, of which two units

of the last four must he taken in successive terms at the Medical College

or the Sloan-Kettering Institute.

2. Demonstrate proficiency in two languages approved by the Com

mittee on Graduate Study.

3. Achieve a high level of scholarly capacity (grade of B or better) and

demonstrate the ability and technique necessary for carrying on original

work.

4. Complete the following examinations: (A) a qualifying examina

tion before three units are finished of the six required for the doctoral

degree, and (B) the final examinations (see page 13).

5. Present a thesis in the m ajor field of study, which must represent

a contribution to the subject investigated.

6. Prepare an abstract of the approved thesis for publication in

D issertation Abstracts.

7. Submit two unbound typewritten copies of the thesis, one for

filing in the Medical College Library and the other for the departm ent

representing the m ajor field of study.

*One unit is equivalent to a semester of full-tim e study.

T

HE SEVERAL fields of instruction of the Graduate School of

Medical Sciences are described in the pages that follow. T he title

of each field is an approved m ajor or m inor subject for candidates for

advanced degrees.

INSTRUCTION AT THE MEDICAL COLLEGE

ANATOMY

Professor D o n W. F a w c e t t Associate Professor J o h n M a c L e o d Assistant Professors W i lb u r D. H a g a m e n , L e o n a r d L. R o ss, E liz a b e th D. H a y Facilities are available for graduate study in various areas of the broad subject of anatomy; in histology, cytology, electron microscopy, neuroanatomy, experimental neurology, endocrinology, embryology, and gross human anatomy. Students desiring to pursue graduate work in anatomy must have had adequate preliminary training at college level in physics, chemistry, and biology. The specific course requirements for either a major or a minor in anatomy will be determined for each candidate after consultation with the authorized representatives of the other departments involved.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Professor V in c e n t d u V ig n e a u d Associate Professor R o y B o n sn es, D o n a ld B. M e l v i ll e , J u l i a n R. R a c h e le Assistant Professors H e l e n a G ild e r , W illia m D. C a sh Opportunity is offered for advanced work and research in various phases of bio chemistry. Adequate chemical and physical equipment and library facilities are provided for the investigation of a considerable variety of problems in the chemistry of the animal and human organism in health and disease. Graduate students expecting to pursue investigations in biochemistry should have adequate training in inorganic, organic, analytical, and physical chemistry. Students electing biochemistry as a minor subject are expected to complete the regular medical course in biochemistry, or its equivalent, as a minimum requirement.

MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Professor J a m e s M. N e i l l Associate Professor J o h n Y. Sugg Assistant Professor Irv in g A b ra h a m s

Facilities are available for advanced study and investigation over a broad range in the general field of microbiology and immunology, including practical aspects of the etiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of infectious disease, and of hyper-

sensitive phenomena; and also aspects of fundamental importance whose practical application may not be immediately apparent. A graduate student may elect investi gations in any of the various fields, but the opportunities are best for students who direct their major interest toward fields of current investigation of the department. These fields at present include variations in antigenicity and in pathogenicity of influenza viruses; hypersensitive reactions to antibiotics; serelogical properties of bacterial polysaccharides; immunological aspects of fungi and of mycotic infections; and immunological phenomena encountered in helminth infections. Prospective majors in the department should have had several college courses in chemistry, physics, and biology. As a rule, considerably more training in chemistry is expected than is needed to meet the minimum recpiirements for entrance to medi cal college, but unusual training or experience in any one of the sciences will he taken into account in the consideration of candidates who may have had less than the usual training in others.

PATHOLOGY

Professors Jo h n G. K m n, J o h n M. P ea rce Associate Professors J o h n T. E l l is , A aro n K e l l n e r , G eo rg e E. M ur i>h y , G o e t z W. R ic h t e r , F. St e p h e n V o g el Assistant Professors R o b e r t L. H ir sc h , J o h n F. Sey b o l t The department offers wide opportunity for the experimental study of disease. Adequate facilities for the care of animals are available. There is a departmental library where some of the current journals and reference books are kept on file. The main library is situated on the floor immediately beneath the department and is readily accessible. There is a carefully selected collection of mounted museum specimens, in addition to an active file of preserved gross material for study. The histological collection is likewise rich in material. Autopsies for the entire hospital are performed by the members of the department and offer an opportunity for the study of fresh pathological tissues. No regular course of study is offered by the department for graduate students, but applicants in this field are given abundant opportunity for special work under the direct supervision of members of the department. Such work may include the investigation of some problem and may be credited toward the applicant’s graduate degree.

PHARMACOLOGY

Professors W a l t e r F. R ik e r , J r ., M cK f.en C a t t e l l , H arry G old Associate Professors W a l t e r M o d ei.l , G er h a r d W er n er Assistant Professors J o s e ph F. R e il l y , J ay R oberts Facilities are available for advanced work and research in the chemical, phar macodynamic, and clinical aspects of pharmacology. Special opportunities are afforded for work in general pharmacology, neuropharmacology, cardiovascular pharmacology, and drug evaluation in man. The department is well equipped with specialized apparatus for electrophysiological techniques and contains a small but complete unit for organic chemistry. In graduate training, emphasis is placed on a sound basic training in general pharmacology. By means of individual instruction, the candidate is later afforded an exposure to several specialized aspects of pharmacology. The latter part of the graduate curriculum is devoted to research in an area of the candidate’s choice. An adequate preliminary training in organic chemistry, physical chemistry, bio chemistry, and physiology is prerequisite for graduate work in pharmacology. A training in statistics is strongly recommended.

PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS

Professor R o b e r t F. P itts Associate Professors R o g er L. G r e if , R o y C. Sw a n Assistant Professors G er h a r d H. G ie b is c h , H a ro ld G. H e m p l in g Graduate and research training is provided for students who wish to prepare themselves for teaching and research in the physiological aspects of biological science, with special emphasis on the physical and chemical approach; those who desire to prepare themselves more adequately for clinical practice and research by advanced training in some phase of physiology; and those who are entering a career in human biology. Instruction is at first provided through the medium of formal basic courses in this and other departments of the Medical College, and in the departments of physics and chemistry of neighboring universities. This work is paralleled by similar courses which deal with specialized subjects on a more advanced level. Finally, the student is associated with various members of the staff on a tutorial basis for instruction in special research problems.

PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Professor W a l sh M cD e r m o t t Associate Professor E d w in D. K il b o u r n e Assistant Professors J o h n A d a ir , I r w in D. J. B ross, K u r t W. D f.u sc h l e , B e n ja m in H. K e a n , J a m es M cC a r r o l l , R o b e r t M cC u n e In this department of the Medical College, a graduate degree (Ph.D.) may be obtained in certain of the medical sciences as they relate to public health. Micro biology is a field of special interest of the department; advanced training and instruc tion are available in parasitology, bacteriology, and virology. The Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine does not offer formal graduate courses in public health, and the University does not grant a Master’s degree or a doctorate in public health.

INSTRUCTION A T THE

SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE

C. P. R h o a d s, Director

The training offered in this division of the Graduate School of Medical Sciences is primarily for candidates with the Master’s degree or equivalent. The candidate’s record is reviewed, and recommendations for additional course work may be made from courses available in the City. In addition to advanced students, the division will offer opportunities to a limited number of students who have recently received the baccalaureate degree. Lecture and laboratory courses prescribed by the faculty for such students will preferably, though not necessarily, be taken at the Ithaca campus. As one of the principal aims of this division is to train investigators in methods of quantitative biology, a series of specialized lecture and seminar courses in this area will be offered. The lecture courses are concerned with modern methods, and are designed to complement and supplement courses available elsewhere.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Professors O scar B o d a n sk y , G eo rg e B. B r o w n , T h o m a s F. G a l la g h e r Associate Professors A a ro n B e n d ic h , L ie b e F. C a v a l ie r i, D avid K. F u k u s h im a , M ary L. P e t e r m a n n

Assistant Professors M. E arl B a l is, H. L f.o n B ra d i.o w , J ack J. Fox, L eo n h a r d K o r n - c o l d , R o b e r t s. R o se n fe l d , M o r t o n K. Sc h w a r t z , H e l en Q. W oodard Training is available in the following fields: electrolyte metabolism; enzymology; immunochemistry; chemistry and metaholism of proteins, especially nucleoproteins; chemistry and metabolism of steroids. Prerequisites include acceptable graduate courses in organic and physical chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology, together with additional requirements in conformance with the individual desires of the students and the interest^ of the staff.

BIOLOGY AND GROW TH

Professors A. J. D a l to n (Biology), F r ed er ic k S. P h il ip s (Pharmacology), C. P. R hoads (Pathology), C. C h e ster Sto ck (Biochemistry), G eo rg e W. W o o l l e y (Biology) Associate Professors R a l p h K. B arclay (Biochemistry), D o n a l d A. C la r k e (Pharma cology), L eo n a rd D. H a m il t o n (Biology), D o rris J. H u t c h iso n (Microbiology), J o h n A. Ja c q u fz (Biology), R ob e r t C. M f.llors (Pathology), W il l ia m L. M o n e y (Biol ogy), A l ic e E. M o o r e (Biology), N. C h r is t in e R e il l y (Microbiology), H e l e n e W. T o o i.an (Pathology), M a r jo r ie Bass / tic k er (Physiology) Assistant Professors W il l ia m T. B radner (Microbiology), A. R. T. D en u es (Biology), C h a r l o t t e F r ie n d (Microbiology), P h il ip C. M er k er (Biology), W ilbu r F. N oyes (Biology), M orris N. T e l l e r (Biology) Students are directed particularly toward the factors which initiate, control, and modify the growth of normal and neoplastic tissues. Following this orientation, train ing is available in pharmacology, experimental cancer chemotherapy, microbiology, endocrinology, genetics, and virology. Prerequisite courses will be determined for each individual on the basis of his particular area of interest. , Brief specialized courses offered include Chemotherapy of Cancer (for physicians and research workers), two weeks in October; Heterologous Transplantation of Human Tumors (for senior investigators), first week of March and of October.

BIOPHYSICS

Professor J o h n S. L a u g h l in Assistant Professors N a t h a n ie l B a r r, T h e o d o r e H a l l. I ra P u l l m a n

There are special facilities for radiologic physics (including high-energy phenom ena), radiobiology, tracer work (stable and radioactive), radioautography, soft X-ray absorption, electronics, theory and practice of radiation detection. Prerequisites include acceptable courses in physics, mathematics through calculus, and acceptable laboratory experience, supplemented by studies in fields closely related to biophysics.

PATHOLOGY

Professor F red W. St e w a r t Associate Professors F ra n k W. F o o t e , J r ., L e o po l d G. K oss, St e p h e n S. Stern berg Assistant Professors J o h n W. B erg , W il l ia m D. J o h n s o n , L o u is G. O rtega

Special facilities are available for investigation in quantitative cytology and cellular pathology by newer optical methods, cytophysical methods including radioantog- raphy, ultraviolet and fluorescent microscopy, and X-ray absorption techniques. Study in this department is limited to persons holding a medical degree, at least one year of clinical internship, and two years of general pathology.

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Professor E m er so n D ay Associate Professor E rn e st L. W yn d er Assistant Professors G e n ev iev e M. B a d er , W a it e r O ’D o n n e l l , R ic h a r d H. O sb o r n e, L ou is V enf.t , Sa i-H o u Y ing Opportunity for clinical experience in methods of cancer detection is offered in the Strang Clinic by arrangement with the department head. Training in cytologic screening and diagnosis is available by special arrangement with the director of the Strang Laboratory of Cytology. The department offers opportunities for research in early cancer and pre-cancer, cytology, epidemiology of cancer, and biological testing of environmental agents. Special studies in these fields can be arranged with the appropriate members of the department. Prerequisites are a degree in medicine or advanced training and experience in the field concerned. A specialized course is offered in Diagnosis and Management of Early Cancer (for physicians), three days in October.

REGISTER OF STUDENTS

DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY

Alfredo Giner-Sorolla, Master in Chemistry 1944, University of Valencia; Master in Pharmacy 1947, Doctorate in Pharmacy, University of Madrid; Ph.D. 1958, Cornell University. Major: Biochemistry. Louis Kaplan, B.S. 1949, College of the City of New York; M.S. 1950, University of Kansas; Ph.D. 1957, Cornell University. Major: Microbiology. Albert S. Kuperman, B.A. 1952, New York University; Ph.D. 1957, Cornell University. Major: Pharmacology. Alexander H. Pinkes, B.S. 1947, University of Connecticut; M.S. 1953, University of Kentucky; Ph.D. 1958, Cornell University. Major: Microbiology & Immunology. Ralph Vinegar, B.A. 1948, M.S. 1949, New York University; Ph.D. 1957, Cornell University. Major: Biology.

MASTERS OF SCIENCE Robert J. Schulz, B.S. 1950, Queens College; M.S. 1958, Cornell University. Major: Physics. John J. Taylor, B.A. 1953, Hofstra College; M.S. 1956, Cornell University. Major: Anatomy.

CANDIDATES FOR THE DEGREE

OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Amir Ebrahim Askari, B.S. 1953, University of Dubuque; M.S. 1956, New York University. Major: Biochemistry. [tine I,. Biedler, B.A., 1947, Vassar College; M.A. 1954, Columbia University. Major: Biology. Leila C. Diamond. B.A. 1945, University of Wisconsin. Major: Biology. Marie D. Felix, B.S. 1956, The American University. Major: Biology. David P. Fitzpatrick, B.S. 1955, Boston College. Major: Biochemistry. Mary jane Gill Hamilton, B.A. 1947, University of Buffalo; B.S. 1950, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Major: Biochemistry. Abel Alfred Lazzarini, B.A. 1944, College D. F. Sarmiento; M.D. 1951, University of Buenos Aires Medical College. Major: Biology.

Barcelona, Spain

New York, N.Y.

New York, N.Y.

Hartford, Conn.

New York. N.Y.

Yorktown Heights, N.Y.

Levittown, N.Y.

Tehran, Iran

New York, N.Y.

New York, N.Y.

Spring Valley, N.Y.

Waltham, Mass.

New York, N.Y.

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Barbara H. Rosenberg, B.A. 1950, Cornell University; M.A. 1957, Columbia University. Major: Biochemistry. Herbert Rosenkranz, B.S. 1954, College of the City of New York. Major: Biochemistry. Audrey L. Stone, B.S. 1948, University of Chicago; M.S. 1951, University of Southern California. Major: Biochemistry. Sarah Sue Shippey, B.A. 1956, Agnes Scott College; M.S. 1957, Emory University. Major: Biochemistry. Kathryn Marilyn Smart, B.S. 1945, University of Michigan; M.A. 1951, Columbia University. Major: Parasitology. Bertram Spector, B.E.E. 1945, College of the Cty of New York. Major: Physiology. Bernard Tandler, B.S. 1955, Brooklyn College; M.A. 1957, Columbia University. Major: Biology. Raymond L. Tanner. B.S. 1953, Memphis State College; M.S. 1955, Vanderbilt University. Major: Biophysics. Robert W. Wood, B.S. 1953, University of Detroit; M.A. 1955, Vanderbilt University. Major: Biophysics.

CANDIDATES FOR THE DEGREE

OF MASTER OF SCIENCE

Joan M. Hands, B.Sc. 1953, Hull University College. Major: Biophysics. Shirley D. Vickers, B.A. 1954, Vanderbilt University. Major: Biophysics.

Kew Gardens, N.Y.

New York, N.Y.

New York, N.Y.

Columbia, S.C.

Larchmont, N.Y'.

East Patterson, N.J.

Brooklyn, N.Y.

Memphis, Tenn.

Detroit, Mich.

Birmingham, England

Atlanta, Ga.

STUDENTS TO ENTER, SEPTEMBER, 1958

Alex Bloch, B.S. 1954, College of the City of New York; M.S. 1958, Long Island University. Major: Microbiology.

Vincent J. Cairoli, B.S. 1953, Fordham College of Pharmacy. Major: Pharmacology.

Joseph D ’Amaro, B.S. 1953, College of the City of New York. Major: Biochemistry.

Pauline FY l’ecora, B.A. 1952, New York University; M.S. 1955, New York University Graduate School. Major: Biochemistry.

Harry Rothman, B.S. 1951, College of the City of New York; M.A. 1957, Brooklyn College Graduate School. Major: Biology.

Lloyd M. Stempel. B.S. 1956, College of the City of New York. Major: Biochemistry.

Kew Gardens, N.Y'.

Fairview, N.J.

Brooklyn, N.Y.

Brooklyn, N.Y.

Brooklyn, N.Y'.

Bronx, New York, N.Y.