Increased Demand for Medical Services and Identifying Errors in Healthcare, Exams of Nursing

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HA 610

Health Policy

COMPLETED EXAM

w/ RATIONALES

1. A nurse manager is involved in a policy-making committee that is discussing the implementation of a new electronic health record (EHR) system in a hospital. The nurse manager is aware of the benefits of EHRs, such as improved quality, safety, efficiency, and coordination of care. However, the nurse manager is also concerned about the potential challenges and barriers to EHR adoption, such as cost, privacy, security, interoperability, and workflow disruption. Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for the nurse manager to advocate for the successful implementation of the EHR system? a) Provide feedback and suggestions to the committee based on the best available evidence and the needs and preferences of the end-users. b) Resist any changes to the current paper-based system and emphasize the risks and drawbacks of EHRs. c) Delegate the responsibility of EHR implementation to the IT department and focus on other managerial tasks. d) Accept the decision of the committee without questioning or challenging it and expect the staff to do the same. Answer: a) Provide feedback and suggestions to the committee based on the best available evidence and the needs and preferences of the end-users. Rationale: This option reflects the role of a nurse manager as a leader, change agent, and advocate for quality improvement and patient-centered care. The nurse manager should use evidence- based practice and stakeholder engagement to facilitate the adoption of EHRs and overcome potential barriers. Option b) is not appropriate because it shows resistance to change and innovation, which can hinder quality improvement and patient safety. Option c) is not appropriate because it shows a lack of involvement and accountability in EHR implementation, which can affect staff satisfaction and performance. Option d) is not appropriate because it shows a passive and submissive attitude that does not promote critical thinking and problem- solving.
2. A nurse educator is teaching a group of nursing students about the concept of health equity and its implications for health policy. The nurse educator explains that health equity means that everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their social, economic, or environmental circumstances. The nurse educator also emphasizes that health equity requires addressing the social determinants of health, such as income, education, housing, transportation, and access to health care. Which of the following is an example of a health policy issue that affects health equity? a) The allocation of resources for public health programs and services. b) The regulation of health care professionals' scope of practice and licensure. c) The evaluation of health care outcomes and quality indicators. d) The accreditation of health care organizations and educational institutions. Answer: a) The allocation of resources for public health programs and services. Rationale: This option is an example of a health policy issue that affects health equity because it involves how public funds are distributed and prioritized for different population groups and health needs. The allocation of resources for public health programs and services can influence the availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and quality of health care for various communities, especially those that are marginalized or underserved. Option b) is not an

example of a health policy issue that affects health equity because it relates to the professional standards and regulations that govern health care practice. Option c) is not an example of a health policy issue that affects health equity because it relates to the measurement and improvement of health care quality and outcomes. Option d) is not an example of a health policy issue that affects health equity because it relates to the recognition and approval of health care organizations and educational institutions.

3. A nurse practitioner is working in a primary care clinic that serves a diverse population of patients, including immigrants, refugees, low-income families, homeless individuals, and people with mental health or substance use disorders. The nurse practitioner recognizes that these patients face multiple challenges and barriers to accessing and utilizing health care services, such as language, culture, literacy, stigma, discrimination, cost, transportation, insurance coverage, eligibility criteria, availability of providers, continuity of care, etc. Which of the following is the most effective way for the nurse practitioner to address these challenges and barriers and improve access to care for these patients? a) Provide culturally competent care that respects and responds to the values, beliefs, preferences, needs, expectations, and experiences of each patient. b) Refer patients to other health care providers or agencies that can better meet their specific needs or preferences. c) Educate patients about their rights and responsibilities as health care consumers and encourage them to advocate for themselves. d) Lobby for policy changes that would increase funding, coverage, availability, affordability, and quality of health care services for these patients. Answer: a) Provide culturally competent care that respects and responds to the values, beliefs, preferences, needs, expectations, and experiences of each patient. Rationale: This option is the most effective way for the nurse practitioner to address the challenges and barriers to accessing and utilizing health care services for these patients because it involves providing individualized, patient-centered, holistic, and respectful care that considers the social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence health and health behaviors. Culturally competent care can enhance communication, trust, satisfaction, adherence, outcomes, and quality of care for diverse patients. Option b) is not the most effective way because it may imply that the nurse practitioner is not willing or able to provide care for these patients or that these patients are not welcome or valued in the clinic. Option c) is not the most effective way because it may place an undue burden or blame on the patients for their health care challenges and barriers, which may be beyond their control or capacity. Option d) is not the most effective way because it may take a long time and face a lot of opposition or resistance from other stakeholders or policymakers.
4. A nurse researcher is conducting a study on the impact of a health policy change on the quality of care and patient outcomes in a long-term care facility. The health policy change involves implementing a minimum staffing ratio of one registered nurse (RN) to four residents in the facility. The nurse researcher wants to compare the quality of care and patient outcomes before and after the policy change using various indicators, such as pressure ulcers, falls, infections, medication errors, hospitalizations, mortality, etc. Which of the following is the most appropriate research design for this study? a) A randomized controlled trial (RCT) that assigns residents to either an intervention group that

receives care from RNs at the minimum staffing ratio or a control group that receives care from RNs at a lower staffing ratio. b) A quasi-experimental design that uses a pretest-posttest design with nonequivalent groups to compare residents who receive care from RNs at the minimum staffing ratio with residents who receive care from RNs at a lower staffing ratio. c) A descriptive correlational design that examines the relationship between the number of RNs per resident and the quality of care and patient outcomes in the facility. d) A longitudinal cohort design that follows residents who receive care from RNs at the minimum staffing ratio over time and measures their quality of care and patient outcomes at different points. Answer: b) A quasi-experimental design that uses a pretest-posttest design with nonequivalent groups to compare residents who receive care from RNs at the minimum staffing ratio with residents who receive care from RNs at a lower staffing ratio. Rationale: This option is the most appropriate research design for this study because it allows the nurse researcher to evaluate the causal effect of the policy change on the quality of care and patient outcomes by comparing two groups of residents before and after the policy change. However, because the groups are not randomly assigned, they may differ in other characteristics that could affect the outcomes, such as age, gender, comorbidities, etc. Therefore, this is a quasi-experimental design rather than an experimental design. Option a) is not appropriate because it is not feasible or ethical to randomly assign residents to different staffing ratios in a long-term care facility. Option c) is not appropriate because it does not account for the temporal sequence or directionality of the relationship between the number of RNs per resident and the quality of care and patient outcomes. Option d) is not appropriate because it does not have a comparison group to control for confounding variables or alternative explanations for the outcomes.

5. A nurse leader is involved in a health policy advocacy campaign that aims to increase public awareness and support for a proposed legislation that would expand Medicaid coverage and eligibility in a state. The nurse leader believes that this legislation would improve access to health care and reduce health disparities for millions of low-income and uninsured individuals in the state. The nurse leader wants to use various strategies and tools to communicate effectively with different audiences and stakeholders, such as policymakers, media outlets, health care organizations, professional associations, community groups, etc. Which of the following is an essential component of effective communication for health policy advocacy? a) Using technical jargon and acronyms to demonstrate expertise and credibility. b) Using emotional appeals and anecdotes to elicit sympathy and empathy. c) Using evidence-based data and arguments to support claims and recommendations. d) Using vague and general statements to avoid controversy or opposition. Answer: c) Using evidence-based data and arguments to support claims and recommendations. Rationale: This option is an essential component of effective communication for health policy advocacy because it involves using reliable, valid, relevant, and timely information and reasoning to persuade others of the need, feasibility, effectiveness, and benefits of a proposed policy change. Evidence-based data and arguments can enhance credibility, accuracy, clarity, consistency, and transparency of communication. Option a) is not an essential component because it may alienate or confuse some audiences or stakeholders who are not

familiar with technical jargon or acronyms

1. What is the main difference between a health policy and a health law? a) A health policy is a set of goals and plans to achieve them, while a health law is a rule or regulation that enforces a policy. b) A health policy is a rule or regulation that enforces a law, while a health law is a set of goals and plans to achieve them. c) A health policy is a general statement of values and principles, while a health law is a specific action or intervention to address a problem. d) A health policy is a specific action or intervention to address a problem, while a health law is a general statement of values and principles. Answer: A. Rationale: A health policy is a broad statement of goals and objectives for improving the health of a population, while a health law is a legal instrument that implements or enforces a policy.
2. Which of the following is an example of a distributive policy? a) A policy that allocates resources to different groups based on their needs or merits. b) A policy that redistributes resources from one group to another based on equity or justice. c) A policy that regulates the behavior or actions of individuals or groups to protect the public interest. d) A policy that provides benefits or services to all members of society regardless of their contributions or eligibility. Answer: D. Rationale: A distributive policy is a type of public policy that provides benefits or services to everyone in society, such as public education, national defense, or environmental protection.
3. What are the three main components of the policy cycle? a) Agenda setting, policy formulation, and policy implementation. b) Policy analysis, policy evaluation, and policy feedback. c) Problem identification, policy alternatives, and policy recommendation. d) All of the above. Answer: D. Rationale: The policy cycle is a model that describes the stages of policymaking from problem identification to evaluation and feedback. It includes agenda setting, policy formulation, policy implementation, policy analysis, policy evaluation, and policy feedback.
4. What are some of the factors that influence the agenda setting stage of policymaking? a) The severity and urgency of the problem. b) The interests and preferences of the stakeholders. c) The availability and quality of the evidence. d) All of the above. Answer: D. Rationale: The agenda setting stage of policymaking involves identifying and prioritizing the problems that need to be addressed by policies. It is influenced by various factors such as the severity and urgency of the problem, the interests and preferences of the stakeholders, the availability and quality of the evidence, and the political and social context.

5. What are some of the criteria that can be used to evaluate policy alternatives? a) Effectiveness, efficiency, equity, feasibility, and acceptability. b) Cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-minimization analysis. c) Stakeholder analysis, SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, and SMART analysis. d) All of the above. Answer: A. Rationale: Policy alternatives are different options or solutions for addressing a problem. They can be evaluated based on various criteria such as effectiveness (how well they achieve the desired outcomes), efficiency (how well they use the available resources), equity (how fair they are to different groups), feasibility (how realistic they are to implement), and acceptability (how much they are supported by the public and the policymakers).
6. What are some of the challenges or barriers to effective policy implementation? a) Lack of clarity or consistency in the policy objectives or design. b) Lack of resources or capacity to carry out the policy activities or interventions. c) Lack of coordination or collaboration among the actors or agencies involved in the policy process. d) All of the above. Answer: D. Rationale: Policy implementation is the process of putting a policy into action. It can face various challenges or barriers such as lack of clarity or consistency in the policy objectives or design, lack of resources or capacity to carry out the policy activities or interventions, lack of coordination or collaboration among the actors or agencies involved in the process. Medical profession has become more and more concerned that it has not sufficiently held itself to professional standards. True False What rewards healthcare networks that achieve high quality of care at lower costs through the redesign of the ways health care is delivered? A. PPOs B. Performance networks C. HMOs D. Pay for performance Ultimately, the pressure on health care is to create a more system. A. Unbiased B. Complex C. Equitable D. Complete Our system of care is defined by: A. Outcomes B. Physician expertise C. Nurse competence D. Payment structure

Which of the following is not a reason for the increase in demand for medical services starting in the 1950s? A. Creation of Medicare/Medicaid B. Increased availability of employer-provided health benefits C. Decreased cost and expenditures D. Technological innovations Why is the participation of women in the physician labor force important? A. Women are more likely than men to engage in primary care practice. B. Women are more likely than men to engage in specialized care practice. C. Women are more likely than men to stay in the medical field for a longer duration. D. Women are more likely than men to have knowledge of insurance company regulations and rules for claims and treatment. Which of the following is a main factor in the increase in number and percentage of IMGs? A. IMGs will work for lower wages. B. The U.S. population has grown more rapidly than has the number of medical school graduates. C. The number of medical school graduates has grown more rapidly than has the U.S. population. D. IMGs can be trained in less time so they can begin practicing medicine sooner than their American-trained counterparts. Currently, which areas are underserved by physicians? A. Urban and suburban communities B. Inner cities and rural communities C. Urban and rural communities D. Inner cities and urban communities All of the following are reasons why rural and inner-city communities find it hard to attract physicians except that: A. specialists need a certain population density to constitute a full panel. B. there is an income differential between primary care physicians and specialists. C. rural and inner-city practices tend to be primary care practices. D. primary care physicians have higher incomes than do specialists. Why was group practice not always supported by the medical profession? A. Costs were much higher when group practice was initially imposed. B. Patient care might be compromised. C. Nurses wanted to join group practices, but physicians feared that would change doctor- patient dynamics.

D. There were fears that such practices would undermine physician autonomy by imposing hierarchical control over physicians. What responsibilities does a physician at an academic medical center have? A. Practicing medicine only B. Teaching only C. Practicing medicine and teaching D. Practicing medicine, teaching, and sometimes conducting research What is the most common way in which physicians are paid? A. Fee-for-service B. Medicaid reimbursement C. PPO profit sharing D. Pay-per-treatment What is the name for the phenomenon in which physician’s bill for each component part of a visit in order to receive a higher rate of pay for the same level of service? A. Substitution of services B. Service billing C. Unbundling of services D. Diagnosis-related groups All of the following are examples of medical errors except: A. equipment failure. B. misinterpretation of medical orders. C. nosocomial error. D. diagnostic error. Which of the following is defined as an injury caused by medical management rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient? A. Medical error B. An adverse event C. Physician error D. Treatment error The simplest explanation for medical mistakes is provider: A. education deficiency. B. hubris. C. lack of care. D. impairment.

The threat of malpractice litigation will lead to the excessive practice of defensive medicine and an increase in healthcare costs. True False Aging in the physician pool has created an issue in the forthcoming years. What percent of physicians is aged 50 or older? A. 25% B. 30% C. 45% D. 50% Which of the following does NOT have listed fee schedules to which physicians adhere? A. MCOs B. PPOs C. Medicaid D. All have fee schedules. Family practice physician workforce rates have been: A. increasing. B. Declining Given their dominance over the healthcare professions, physicians have been given the legal authority to assure the standard of care but due to the complexity of care and the greater need for care coordination, the balance of power is shifting toward a approach where the patient is the center. A. transdisciplinary B. holistic C. contemporary D. traditional The physician workforce is heavily located in: A. suburban areas. B. rural areas. C. urban areas. D. inner cities. What is the most common reason for disciplinary action by state medical and nursing boards? A. Improper billing B. Substance abuse C. Insubordination D. Theft

To help supplement the shortage of physicians being trained in the United States, many IMGs are being hired. Which of the following are the dominant countries of origin for IMGs working in the United States? Select all that apply. A. Germany B. Philippines C. Mexico D. Australia Chapter 7 Which country has the highest rate of medical or prescription error? A. New Zealand B. Canada C. United states D. United Kingdome In order for patients to make informed choices on hospitals, they should use: A. Quality performance data B. Past personal experiences C. Word of mouth D. Insurance providers recommendations Which of the following are dimensions of error management? A. Limiting the reporting of errors B. Maintaining worst-case scenario protocol C. Creating financial thresholds not to be surpassed D. Creating systems that are better able to tolerate errors and contain the damaging effects Which of the following are considered documentation errors? A. Charting procedures prior to completion B. All are considered documentation errors C. Charting medications prior to administration D. Failure to chart patient observation What type of care is designed around the interests and needs of patients and their families? A. Holistic care B. Cognitive care C. Biomedical care D. Patient-centered care Which of the following is NOT a part of the triple aim framework? A. Improve the health of population

B. Improve the patients experience of care C. Improve the treatment outcomes through better doctors D. Reduce the per capita cost of health care What has been the foundation for research into errors and adverse events? A. Billing data B. Error reporting systems C. M & M conference D. Chart review What is a strong method of identifying latent errors? A. M & M conference B. Medical malpractice claims analysis C. Chart review D. Error reporting systems Which tool generates and synthesizes evidence and compares benefits and harms of different interventions and strategies to monitor health c are and improve the delivery of care? A. AHRQ B. PPACA C. CER D. CDC The was established in 1989 to lead efforts to boost the quality of health care in the United States and to fund research on the comparative effectiveness of interventions. A. CDC B. PPACA C. CER D. AHRQ Approximately how many U.S hospitals participate in the NDNQI? A. 30, B. 1, C. 500 D. 2, The NDNQI is a repository for nursing-sensitive indicators and was developed by: A. Harvard school of nursing B. ANA C. University of Kansas school of nursing D. AMA

One of the key areas for research for AHRQ has been the nursing workforce and patient care environment. True False is measured by comparing the number of patients who die after surgery when they develop a postoperative complication with the number of patients who survive these complications are the discharged. A. Failure to prepare B. Failure to diagnose C. Failure to rescue D. Failure to treat What has become the critical method by which the joint commission promotes and enforces changes in patient safety? A. PPACA B. NDNQI C. CAH D. NPSGs The institute for safe medical practices reported that of clinicians either keep quiet or remain passive after witnessing an improper patient care event to avoid possible reprisals. A. 20% B. 40% C. 30% D. 50% Which of these is a survey that is standardized instrument and methodology that was developed in 2006 to measure patient’s perspectives of hospital care? A. AHRQ B. CMS C. CHA D. HCAHPS How many demographic items are contained in the HCAHPS survey? A. 18 B. 8 C. 5 D. 4 CMS now withholds payments for which of the following? A. Multiple diagnosis

B. Preventable complications of care C. Natural demise D. Lateral treatment Select which program is a consumer-based website that provides information about how well hospitals provide recommended care to patients that experiences congestive heart failure, heart attack, pneumonia, or surgery. A. CMS B. American hospital association C. American association of medical colleges D. Hospital compare In what year did quality check expand to include organizations that are not accredited by the joint commission? A. 1999 B. 2010 C. 2001 D. 2007 Which of the following an all-inclusive guide that includes performance results on measures for common treatment areas, accreditation decision, compliance with NOSGs, and magnet status? A. Healthy check 2020 B. Healthgrades C. Quality check D. Accreditation check Patient who truly need outstanding care are the target of U.S. news & world reports annual best hospital rankings. True False Which organization gives an annual report that identifies the top 5% of hospitals in terms of mortality and complication rates over 26 procedures and diagnoses? A. Quality check B. Accreditation check C. Healthgrades D. Health check 2020 Healthcare providers must be committed to developing a culture of safety in which errors are accepted as inevitable. True False

Within this new culture of safety, support, and counseling for those who make mistakes and open communication of errors and safety issues are included. True False Which of the following is responsible for the most deaths in the United States? A. Breast cancer B. Motor vehicle accidents C. AIDS D. Medical errors What is the name for system defects that are difficult to measure because they occur over greater periods of time and space and because they may exist for a long period before they lead to an error or adverse event? A. Latent error B. Near miss C. Latent mistake D. Active error What are Reason's two approaches to the problem of human error? A. Person approach and condition approach B. Person approach and system approach C. System approach and individual approach D. System approach and latent approach Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that allows high-reliability organizations to make their system as robust as practicable in the face of both human and operational hazards? A. Managing complex, demanding technologies so as to avoid major failures B. Carrying out demanding activities with high incident rates C. Maintaining the capacity to meet periods of peak demand D. Being internally dynamic, complex, and interactive According to the California Academy of Physicians' study, where did the most errors occur in primary care settings over the course of 1 year? A. Communication problems B. Prescribing errors C. Lab results D. Charting errors Which of the following is one of the 5 categories of 30 safe practices that can work to reduce or prevent adverse events?

A. Providing generic settings or processes of care B. Decreasing safe medication use C. Matching healthcare needs with services delivery capability D. Facilitating unclear communication How can a process be made error-proof? A. By making information readily available to all who need it B. By reducing the number of hand-offs C. By structuring critical tasks so that errors cannot be made D. By improving information access Which method of detecting errors and adverse events is the weakest form of study design? A. Morbidity and mortality conferences and autopsy B. Chart review C. Clinical surveillance D. Administrative data analysis Which action would make health care safer? A. Maintaining relationships between medical providers and patients that are abrupt with questions unanswered and time not spent B. Hospitals not telling patients or families about mistakes that injured or killed C. Dropping a requirement that physicians study medical malpractice prevention techniques as part of their licensing requirements D. Creation of laws that require healthcare professionals to compile and share data on their mistakes What is the name of the consumer-based website that provides information on how well hospitals provide recommended care to their patients that experienced congestive heart failure, heart attack, pneumonia, or surgery? A. Sorry Works! B. Critical Access Hospitals C. Injury Prevention Model D. Hospital Compare Which of the following are professions that Reason feels should be looked at in a way to help the healthcare profession limit dangerous errors and create systems that are better able to tolerate and contain errors? Select all that apply. A. U.S. Navy nuclear aircraf t carriers B. Professional football teams C. Air traffic control centers

D. High voltage power line repair According to the California Academy of Family Physicians, which of the following is responsible for the highest percentage of errors (24%)? A. Communication problems B. Discontinuity of care C. Lab results D. Missing values or charting If documented by the CDC, where would medical errors rank in the leading causes of death list? A. 10 th B. 2nd C. 6th D. 1st What is lacking when nurses do not advocate for the best interests of their clients? A. Guidelines B. Moral agency C. Education D. Compassion Professional codes of conduct require that of professional behavior by colleagues be reported to the profession or appropriate licensing body. A. breaches B. adversity C. compromises D. difficulties Which coalition is made up of doctors, insurers, lawyers, and patient advocates? A. Sorry Works! B. Critical Access Hospitals C. Injury Prevention Model D. Hospital Compare What is the purpose of the SPEAK UP campaign? A. Create a voice for patients in advocacy B. Allow insurers to communicate directly with patients C. Avoid medication errors at the doctor's office

D. Promote patient understanding in the coverages of their provider Preventable complications include those that are nurse sensitive and hospital acquired. True False Nurses must assess the patient's with the same attention as the patient's respiratory and cardiac status. A. insurance B. skin C. family D. history Patient safety endeavors are crucial components of improvement and risk management activities in healthcare institutions. A. overall B. quality C. health D. outcome Chapter 8 In low-income countries, 40% of deaths occur in children under the age of: A. 10 B. 7 C. 2 D. 15 What accounts for two-thirds of all worldwide deaths? A. H1N B. Ebola C. NCDs D. FLU The united nations eight development goals to achieve well-being in all countries are called: A. MDG B. PPACA C. CER D. ANA

By what year does the U.N. want these eight goals met? A. 2015 B. 2020 C. 2016 D. 2014 Global health advancement have been made possible by thousands of contributors giving small amounts of financial aid. True False A new stream of financial resources, and even new partnerships, will be needed to meet the goals, especially in light of the recent declines in funding that disproportionately affect poorer countries. True False Today’s healthcare workforce necessitates preparation to meet acute needs and to implement preventive measures to encourage optimal health among culturally diverse client populations that are characteristics of many countries. True False Across the world, who is it incumbent upon to accelerate and sustain progress on universal health? A. Physicians B. Nurses C. Patients D. Governments The CDC has reported that due to climate change, has increased in presence. A. Common cold B. HIV C. Influenza D. Dengue fever Since global travel has become a common occurrence for daily business and social occasions, the main repercussion that has been felt in the healthcare profession is: A. The variety of languages being spoken B. That pathogens are no longer constrained by borders C. The sheer volume of patients being seen regardless of the country D. The cultural differences

It is crucial for today’s global healthcare workforce to maintain current knowledge, skills, and mobility to reach, educate, and treat diverse combinations of populations worldwide while striving to prevent outbreaks of disease once thought to be controlled or eradicated. True False Due to the international composition, professional healthcare workers are collectively referred to as: A. Doctors without borders B. The global healthcare workforce C. The international healthcare workforce D. Healthcare workers of the world Regardless of the country, the need for culturally diverse healthcare workers is declining due to the proliferation of English language. True False Diversity in healthcare workers is only necessary in the primary and secondary workforce, not in the tertiary care setting True False Who created the standards for the ethical implications associated with recruitment of international healthcare workers? A. PPACA B. AMA C. CSC D. AEIRP The WHO’s global code of practice on the international recruitment of health personnel includes a threat to healthcare workers supplies section. True False The nontraditional education concept where those who are studying to practice in one health discipline learn shoulder to shoulder with students of other health disciplines is referred to as: A. Multidiscipline education B. Interprofessional education C. Co-op education D. Educational cooperative

Interprofessional experience during prelicensed heightens the potential to eradicate traditional silos that serve as barriers to interprofessional practice. True False Varied treaties, politically motivated policies, educational preparation, and the laws of various countries overwhelmingly affect the migration of nurses. True False Countries that nurses want to work in are called: A. Ideal countries B. Prime countries C. Optimal countries D. Destination countries Because of the extensive wait for U.S. permanent residency visas, many international RNs, physical therapists, and other skilled professionals are actively seeking to immigrate to other countries where permanent residency visas are more readily accessible. True False Deciding factors in heading to a destination country for work are economic status and: A. Internal politics B. Cuisine options C. Insurance providers D. Language options How many nursing programs does china offer? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3 Which country educates ots nurses through a specialist pathway? A. Philippines B. Mexico C. United Kingdom D. India How many pillars support competitive sustainability? A. 2

B. 1

C. 3

D. 4

Select from the following the pillars that support competitive sustainability. A. Environmental and financial sustainability B. Governmental and social sustainability C. Financial and governmental sustainability D. Social and environment sustainability The two types of assessments to determine comparability of migrating nurses to the united states are advisory assessment and: A. Provisional assessment B. Cognitive assessment C. Transcript assessment D. Determinative assessment All countries require nursing registration including the united states True False Who or what deals with the rules of trade between nations globally A. EU B. WTO C. CAFTA D. NAFTA What is the purpose of a trade agreement with regard to nursing? A. Increase the viability of reducing bioterrorism B. Allow governments to rid themselves of overpopulation C. Reduce barriers and liberalize international trade D. Create and increase in revenue for governments from taxpayers Approximately how many medical apps are there for smartphones and tablets? A. 5,000 B. 100,000 C. 40,000 D. 1,000 Nurses must utilize the advancements in social media and global networking opportunities as tools to advance worldwide nursing activism and advocacy. True

False Consistent and concerted efforts on a specific few fronts are needed to improve global health and development. True False Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to be directly involved in the growth of global health policy, drawing from a combined interdisciplinary body of scientific and knowledge. A. Biomedical B. Experiential C. Holistic D. Learned In recent years, which epidemic has been spread throughout the world because of increased amounts of international traveling? A. HIV/AIDS B. Swine flu C. TB D. Polio A(n) team approach combined with a working knowledge of the sociocultural, political, economic, and environmental factors influencing global health is crucial to effectively address a rapidly evolving global health agenda. A. biomedical B. holistic C. complete D. interdisciplinary There has been a willingness for nurses to migrate to destination countries. Which of the following is a destination country? A. Mexico B. Australia C. Germany D. Sweden With the ever-changing technology and the sheer volume of medical apps for smartphones and tablets, efficacy is quite easy to demonstrate. True False

What are agreements between national entities that allow respective licensing authorities to accept, in whole or in part, the credentials obtained in the jurisdiction of the other party? A. GATS B. WTOs C. MRAs D. CARICOM What was promoted as an effective means to achieve population health goals despite the apparent shortage of healthcare professionals in a country or region? A. Initiative sharing B. Workforce exchange C. Workforce sharing D. Task sharing The MDG is the goals A. set forth by the United States to improve the health and well-being of its citizens. B. established by Europe to improve the health and well-being of its citizens. C. established by the UN to improve the health and well-being in all countries. D. set forth by North and South America to improve the health and well-being of its citizens. The Alliance for Ethical International Recruitment Practices is a: A. voluntary code of ethical conduct. B. voluntary reporting agency of nurses and their treatment. C. guideline for non U.S. citizens to follow to work in the United States. D. guideline for U.S. citizens to work abroad. The leading causes of death vary depending on the socioeconomic status of each country. True False The WHO noted that the overall global life expectancy is years. A. 60 B. 65 C. 70 D. 75 MRAs encourage international mobility of professions by extending the right to practice to qualified foreign-educated individuals. True

False The misdistribution of help calls for a competent healthcare workforce that is flexible and motivated to migrate to where they are most needed. True False How long did it take China to bring a polio outbreak under control in 2011? A. 90 days B. 180 days C. 270 days D. 1 year Which of the following is NOT a push factor that influences migrating to another country? A. Low-paying jobs B. Improvement in quality of life C. Lack of advancement D. Minimal growth International travel resulted in approximately 2,000 people in the United States being diagnosed and treated for this in 2011? A. HIV B. Polio C. Malaria D. Dengue fever How many countries fall below the threshold of 59.4 skilled health professionals per 10,000 people in the population? A. 83 B. 100 C. 118 D. 68 refers to the delay in obtaining an immigrant visa when there are more people applying for immigrant visas in a given year than the total number of available visas. A. Retrogression B. Remission C. Throttling D. Reduction

This voluntary code of ethical conduct was revised to not only cover foreign-educated nurses but to also include other foreign-educated healthcare professionals. A. GATS B. CARICOM C. ECSACON D. AEIRP As opposed to other countries, nursing education occurs on a(n) level in the United States. A. specialist pathway B. primary educational C. postsecondary educational D. apprenticeship The VisaScreen: Visa Credentials Assessment Service and the Certification Program offered by CGFNS International are examples of assessment. A. advisory B. determinative Chapter 9 Which was founded first? A. District nursing association of northern Westchester B. American red cross rural nursing service Which nursing advocate stated nursing professionals need “to look at social political problems and include social reform among their professional obligations”? A. Fannie clement B. Ellen M. Wood C. Lavinia Dock D. Lilian Wald A person who is a member of a vulnerable population may not experience vulnerability; conversely, a person who is a member of a non-vulnerable population maybe vulnerable due to particular life events. True False