Hand Anatomy and Kinesiology, Exams of Nursing

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& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Prehension - correct answer ✅✅ positioning the thumb and fingers to grasp, seize, hold, or manipulate objects Flexion - correct answer ✅✅ movement of the thumb medially across the palm, toward the little finger Extension - correct answer ✅✅ movement of the thumb laterally, away from the palm and little finger Abduction - correct answer ✅✅ movement of the thumb away from the palm Adduction - correct answer ✅✅ movement of the thumb toward the palm, returning to the starting position Opposition - correct answer ✅✅ movement in which the tips of the thumb and little finger move toward one another using a combination of flexion and abduction Reposition - correct answer ✅✅ movement in which the tips of the thumb and little finger move away from each other using a combination of extension and adduction

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Accessory Movement - correct answer ✅✅ a result of the characteristiscs of joint surface shape and orientation and koveemhts created by active contraction of muscles that produce movements other than the accessory movement Knuckles - correct answer ✅✅ when the hand is fisted, the heads of the metacarpals and phalanges stand out clearly Bony Landmarks of the Metacarpals - correct answer ✅✅ Base Head Shaft Bony Landmarks of the Proximal Phalanges - correct answer ✅✅ Base Head Shaft Bony Landmarks of the Middle and Distal Phalanges - correct answer ✅✅ Base

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Head Shaft Joints of the Hand - correct answer ✅✅ Carpometacarpal joints Metacarpophalangeal joints Interphalangeal joints Proximal Transverse Arch - correct answer ✅✅ formed by the bases of the metacarpals and the carpal bones Distal Transverse Arch - correct answer ✅✅ formed by the heads of the metacarpals Longitudinal Arch - correct answer ✅✅ formed by the carpal bones articulating with the bases of the second and third metacarpals, the second and third metacarpals themselves, and the bases of the second and third proximal phalanges Ligaments of the Wrist - correct answer ✅✅ Transverse carpal ligament

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Palmar carpal ligament Ligaments of the Hand - correct answer ✅✅ Capsule Collateral ligaments Intermetacarpal ligaments Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments Unique Structures of the Wrist - correct answer ✅✅ Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Extensor retinaculum Carpal tunnel Unique Structures of the Hand - correct answer ✅✅ Extensor expansion (hood) Flexor tendon sheaths Web space Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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• common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and radius
• sides of middle phalanx of the four fingers Actions:
• PIP and MCP joint flexion; wrist flexion Innervations:
• median nerve (C7, C8, T1) Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• coronoid process and proximal three-fourths of ulna
• distal phalanx of the four fingers Actions:
• flexes all three joints of the fingers (DIP, PIP, and MCP); wrist flexion Innervations:
• median and ulnar nerves (C8, T1)

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:

• radius, anterior surface radius, interosseus membrane
• distal phalanx of thumb Actions:
• flexes CMC, MCP, IP joints of thumb Innervations:
• median nerve (C8, T1) Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• posterior middle portions of radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
• base of the first (thumb) metacarpal Actions:
• abducts CMC joint of thumb; extends CMC, MCP joints of thumb

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Innervations:

• radial nerve (C6, C7) Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• posterior distal radius and interosseous membrane
• base of proximal phalanx of thumb Actions:
• extends MCP and CMC joints of thumb Innervations:
• radial nerve (C6, C7) Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• posterior middle portions of ulna and interosseous membrane
• base of distal phalanx of thumb

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Actions:

• extends CMC, MCP, IP joints of thumb Innervations:
• radial nerve (C6-C8) Extensor Digitorum Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• lateral epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
• base of distal phalanx of second (index) through fifth (little) fingers Actions:
• extends MCP, PIP, DIP joints of the four fingers; extends wrist Innervations:
• radial nerve (C6-C8)

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Extensor Indicis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:

• distal ulna and interosseous membrane
• base of distal phalanx of index finger Actions:
• extends MCP, PIP, DIP joints of index finger Innervations:
• radial nerve (C6-C8) Extensor Digiti Minimi Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
• base of distal phalanx of little finger Actions:
• extends MCP, PIP, DIP joints of little finger Innervations:

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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• radial nerve (C6-C8) Flexor Pollicis Brevis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• trapezium and flexor retinaculum
• proximal phalanx of thumb Actions:
• flexes CMC, MCP joints of thumb Innervations:
• median nerve (C6, C7) Abductor Pollicis Brevis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
• proximal phalanx of the thumb Actions:
• abductus CMC joint of thumb, flexes CMC and MCP joints of thumb

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Innervations:

• median nerve (C6, C7) Opponens Pollicis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• trapezium and flexor retinaculum
• first metacarpal Actions:
• thumb opposition (CMC joint) Innervations:
• median nerve (C6, C7) Flexor Digiti Minimi Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• hamate and flexor retinaculum
• base of proximal phalanx of little finger

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Actions:

• flexes MCP joint of little finger Innervations:
• ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
• proximal phalanx of little finger Actions:
• abducts MCP joint of little finger Innervations:
• ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Opponens Digiti Minimi Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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• ulnar border of the fifth metacarpal Actions:
• little finger opposition (CMC joint) Innervations:
• ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Adductor Pollicis Muscle - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• oblique head: capitate, bases of second and third metacarpals | transverse head: distal two-thirds of palmar surface of third metacarpal
• ulnar side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb Actions:
• adducts thumb (CMC joint) Innervations:
• ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Dorsal Interossei Muscles - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:

• adjacent metacarpals
• base of proximal phalanges of index, middle, ring fingers Actions:
• abduct fingers at MCP joint Innervations:
• ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Palmar Interossei Muscles - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals
• base of proximal phalanx of index, ring, and little fingers Actions:
• adduct index, ring, and little fingers at MCP joint Innervations:

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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• ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Lumbrical Muscles - correct answer ✅✅ Attachments:
• tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
• lateral aspect of extensor expansion of the four fingers Actions:
• simultaneous flexion of MCP, extension of PIP and DIP joints of each of the four fingers Innervations:
• first and second lumbricals: medial nerve (C8, T1) | third and fourth lumbricals: ulnar nerve (C8, T1) Functional Position - correct answer ✅✅ when the writs is slightly extended, the MCP and IP joints are slightly flexed, and the thumb is abducted Power Grip - correct answer ✅✅ used to hold an object firmly, such as holding a hammer

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Precision Grip - correct answer ✅✅ holding an object in a manner that allows precision movements for manipulation, such as holding a pin or threading a needle Cylindrical Grip - correct answer ✅✅ consists of all four fingers flexing around an object in one direction and the thumb in opposition Spherical Grip - correct answer ✅✅ consists of all fingers and the thumb abducted around an object Hook Grip - correct answer ✅✅ consists of all four fingers flexing around an object in a hook-like manner and does not include abduction or opposition of the thumb Pad-to-Pad Grip - correct answer ✅✅ placement of the pad of the thumb in contact with the pad of one or two fingers Pinch Grip - correct answer ✅✅ pad-to-pad grip involving the thumb and one finger (usually the index finger)

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Three-Jaw Chuck / Tripod Grip - correct answer ✅✅ pad- to-pad grip involving the thumb and two fingers (usually the index and middle fingers) Tip-to-Tip Grip (Pincer Grip) - correct answer ✅✅ placement of the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of one finger, usually the index finger Pad-to-Side Grip - correct answer ✅✅ "lateral prehension" the pad of the extended thumb pressing an object against the radial side of the index finger Side-to-Side Grip - correct answer ✅✅ a variation of the pad-to-sode grip, consisting of adduction of one finger and abduction of the adjacent finger Lumbrical Grip - correct answer ✅✅ consists of flexing the MCP joints and extending the PIP and DIP joints of the fingers Tenodesis - correct answer ✅✅ closing of the fingers through tendon action rather than muscle contraction

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - correct answer ✅✅ pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel De Quervain Disease (Tenosynovitis) - correct answer ✅✅ narrowing or inflammation within the sheaths of tendons Dupuytren Contracture - correct answer ✅✅ contracture of the palmar aponeurosis and is accompanied by nodular thickening Stenosing Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger) - correct answer ✅✅ development of nodules on the tendonous sheaths of finger flexors Skier's Thumb - correct answer ✅✅ a common hand injury among athletes, is an acute tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Gamekeeper's Thumb - correct answer ✅✅ an English term referring to a sprain of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb Ulnar Drift - correct answer ✅✅ ulnar deviation of the MCP joints of the fingers Swan-Neck Deformity - correct answer ✅✅ characterized by flexion of the MCP joint, hyperextension of the PIP joint, and flexion of the DIP joint Boutonnière Deformity - correct answer ✅✅ characterized by deformities in the direction opposite to swan-neck deformity Mallet Finger - correct answer ✅✅ loss of extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi muscle action as a result of disruption of the extensor mechanism of the DIP joint Which thumb and finger movements, and at which joints, do these movements occur within: a. A frontal plane and about a sagittal axis?

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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b. A sagittal plane and about a frontal axis? c. A horizontal plane and about a vertical axis? - correct answer ✅✅ a. Thumb: flexion/extension (CMC, MCP, IP) | Fingers: abduction/adduction (MCP) b. Thumb: abduction/adduction (CMC) | Fingers: flexion/extension (MCP, PIP, DIP) c. Thumb: opposition and rotation as an accessory movement (CMC) | Little finger: opposition and rotation as an accessory movement (CMC and MCP) | Fingers: rotation as an accessory movement (MCP) Thumb opposition is a combination of which movements?

- correct answer ✅✅ CMC flexion and abduction with accessory movement of rotation What is the purpose of the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculcum? - correct answer ✅✅ Prevent "bow-stringing" of tendons of flexor and extensor muscles, respectively Which structure transforms the carpal bones into a tunnel? - correct answer ✅✅ Transverse carpal ligament

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Which tendon(s) and nerve(s) pass through the carpal tunnel? - correct answer ✅✅ Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, median nerve The tendons of which muscles form the "anatomical snuffbox"? - correct answer ✅✅ Extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus What is the shape of the: a. Distal joint surfaces of the MCP joints of the fingers? b. Proximal joint surfaces of the MCP joints of the fingers?

- correct answer ✅✅ a. Concave b. Convex Do roll and glide of the distal joint surfaces of the MCP joints of the fingers occur in the same or opposite direction during: a. MCP flexion/extension? b. MCP abduction/adduction? - correct answer ✅✅ a. Same b. Same

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Which joint of the thumb is a saddle joint? - correct answer ✅✅ CMC Identify the type of power or precision grip used in the following activities:

1. Holding the handle of a skillet
2. Pulling a little red wagon
3. Turning the pages of a book - correct answer ✅✅ 1. Cylindrical
4. Hook
5. Pad-to-Pad or Pad-to-Side Identify the type of power or precision grip used in the following activities:
6. Fastening a snap or button
7. Holding a screwdriver
8. Holding a hand of playing cards - correct answer ✅✅ 4. Tip-to-Tip
9. Cylindrical
10. Lumbrical

& Anatomy, 7th Edition, Lynn S. Lippert

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Identify the type of power or precision grip used in the following activities:

7. Holding a large green apple
8. Holding on to a barbell
9. Inserting a credit card into a scanner - correct answer ✅✅ 7. Spherical
10. Cylindrical
11. Lateral Prehension Describe the position in which the extrinsic finger flexors are actively insufficient. - correct answer ✅✅ Wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP flexion Describe the position in which the extrinsic finger flexors are passively insufficient. - correct answer ✅✅ Wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP flexion