Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics - Glossary of Terms and Key Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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HARTMAN'S NURSING ASSISTANT CARE: THE BASICS Beginning steps for client care - Answers--Knock and wait for permission to enter -Introduce yourself as Nurse Aide Student -identify the patient by name -wash your hands -Explain procedure and ask for permission -Provide privacy (cutain, screen, or door) -Adjust bed to a safe level, usually waist high. -Lock the bed wheels Ending steps for client care - Answers--Return to lowest position -Remove privacy -Place call light in reach -wash your hands -Report any changes in the client to the nurse -Document procedure Long Term Care (LTC) - Answers-care given in long-term care facilities for people who need 24-hour skilled care skilled care - Answers-medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist, it is available 24 hours a day, and it is ordered by a doctor and involved a treatment plan chronic condition - Answers-any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than six months). It usually can't be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. Examples include arthritis and asthma. Example of chronic condition - Answers-Physical disabilities terminal illness - Answers-a disease or condition that will eventually cause death acute care - Answers-24-hour skilled care for short-term illnesses or injuries; generally given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers subacute care - Answers-care for an illness or condition given to people who need less care than for an acute (sudden onset, short-term) illness or injury but more than for a chronic (long-term) illness Example of chronic condition - Answers-Heart disease Example of chronic condition - Answers-Dementia outpatient care - Answers-Care given for less than 24 hours for people who have had treatments or surgery and need short-term skilled care. They do not require an overnight stay in a hospital or other care facility Rehabilitation - Answers-Restore or improve function after an illness or injjury hospice care - Answers-treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes, or in special hospital units or other facilities, with the goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain. For people who have about 6 months or less to live Medicare - Answers-A federal health insurance program for persons 65 years of age and older Medicaid - Answers-A medical assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them. For people who have low income, as well as for people with disabilities. Nursing assistants are not allowed to - Answers-Insert or remove tubes, give tube feedings, or change sterile dressings Nursing assistants are part of - Answers-A team of health professionals assistive or adaptive devices - Answers-special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled perform activities of daily living (ex: occupational therapy) occupational therapist - Answers-assess and plan for the client to regain ADLs, esp motor skills of the upper extremities; direct care of occupational therapy assistants The chain of command protects employees from - Answers-Liability chain of command - Answers-the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level In continence is - Answers-Not a normal part of aging transmission-based precautions - Answers-CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions scope of practice - Answers-defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally permitted to perform as allowed by state or federal law care plan - Answers-is individualized for each resident. It lists the tasks that team members, including NAs, must preform. policy - Answers-Is a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs procedure - Answers-a method, or way of doing something OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) - Answers-a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job Abrasion - Answers-an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away P.A.S.S. (acronym for using fire extinguisher) - Answers-Pull the pin Aim at the base of fire when spraying Squeeze the handle Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire RACE acronym for fire - Answers-Remove anyone in danger if you are not in danger Activate alarm or call 911 Contain fire if possible by closing all doors and windows Extinguish the fire, or the fire department will extinguish it. Evacuate the area if instructed to do so. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Answers-refers to medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working choking - Answers-When something is blocking the tune through which air enters the lungs, the person has an obstructed airway As long as the resident can speak, breath, or cough, the NA should - Answers- Encourage her to cough as forcefully as possible to get the object out abdominal thrusts - Answers-a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking Cyanosis of the skin is caused by - Answers-decreased blood oxygen cyanotic skin - Answers-Blue/gray, inadequate oxygenation or perfusion, inadequate respiration, heart attack Shock can occur: - Answers-When organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply Myocardial infraction (MI) - Answers-Heart Attack; Caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries. Results in heart tissue death. Occurs when the heart muscle itself does not receive enough oxygen because blood vessels are blocked Dyspnea - Answers-difficulty breathing To treat a minor burn - Answers-Do not use ice or ice water, as ice may cause further skin damage. Dampen a clean cloth with cool water. Place it over the burn Syncope - Answers-fainting insulin reaction (hypoglycemia) - Answers-can result from either too much insulin or too little food Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Answers-Is caused by having too little insulin Seizures - Answers-Involuntary, often violent, contractions of muscles type 2 diabetes - Answers-Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production. MOST COMMON type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile onset) - Answers-diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, and patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - Answers-a.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - Answers-Aka "little stroke" the result of a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain hemiplegia - Answers-paralysis of one side of the body hemiparesis - Answers-Arm numbness or weakness on one side of the body expressive aphasia - Answers-slurred speech or inability to speak receptive aphasia - Answers-inability to understand spoken or written words Emesis - Answers-vomiting infection prevention - Answers-the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease Microorganism (MO) - Answers-a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope; also called microbe. Microbe - Answers-another name for a microorganism Infections occurs when harmful microorganisms, called pathogens - Answers-Invade the body and multiply localized infection - Answers-an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms systemic infection - Answers-affects the entire body Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - Answers-an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care chain of infection - Answers-a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another Link 1: causative agent - Answers-a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease Link 2: reservoir - Answers-where the pathogen lives and grows Link 3: portal of exit - Answers-any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave Link 4: Mode of Transmission - Answers-How the pathogen travels; direct or indirect contact Link 5: Portal of Entry - Answers-any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter; nose, mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes Link 6: Susceptible Host - Answers-uninfected person who could get sick medical asepsis - Answers-refers to measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) - Answers-Makes an object or area free of all microorganisms (not just pathogens) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - Answers-a federal agency that conducts and supports health promotion, prevention and preparedness activities in the United States with the goal of improving overall public health. sputum - Answers-mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth hand hygiene - Answers-washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs antimicrobial agent - Answers-destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens advance directives - Answers-A legal document designed to indicate a person's wishes regarding care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process living will - Answers-A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes. Hearing is usually - Answers-The last sense to leave the body The dying persons bill of rights - Answers-affirms the dying person's right to dignity, privacy, informed participation, and competent care Cheyne-Stokes - Answers-Periods of difficult breathing (dyspnea) followed by periods of no respirations (apnea) Postmortem care - Answers-care of the body after death palliative care - Answers-Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family. Ex: hospice care Hospice care - Answers-holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families blood vessels dilate or widen - Answers-When the outside temperature is too high Blood vessels constrict or narrow - Answers-When the outside temperature is too cold Atropy - Answers-The muscle wastes away, or decreases in size, and becomes weak contracture - Answers-The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle Arthritis - Answers-inflammation of a joint rheumatoid arthritis - Answers-a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) - Answers-May occur with aging or as the result of joint injury PWB (partial weight bearing) - Answers-a doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs NWB (non-weight bearing) - Answers-indicates that no weight at all can be placed on the extremity involved FWB (full weight bearing) - Answers-able to bear 100 percent of the body weight on one or both legs on a step THR (total hip replacement) - Answers-Total hip arthroplasty - iis replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone TKR (total knee replacement) - Answers-A surgical procedure in which damaged parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial parts. compression stockings - Answers-Plastic, air-filled, sleeve-like device that is applied to the legs and hooked to a machine CNS (central nervous system) - Answers-brain and spinal cord PNS (peripheral nervous system) - Answers-the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body CVA (cerebrovascular accident) - Answers-a.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage Dysphasia - Answers-difficulty swallowing expressive aphasia - Answers-The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language) receptive aphasia - Answers-inability to understand spoken or written words Emotional liability - Answers-Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses gait - Answers-manner of walking Parkinson's disease - Answers-a progressive, incurable disease that destroys brain cells and is identified by muscular tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis Pneumonia - Answers-Illness and that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection Acute inflammation occurs in lung tissue UTI (urinary tract infection) - Answers-A bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. More common in women fecal incontinence - Answers-the inability to control the passage of feces and gas through the anus enema - Answers-the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity MS (multiple sclerosis) - Answers-A progressive disease in which the Myelin sheet breaks down overtime, without this protective covering nerves cannot conduct impulses to and from the brain in a normal way -paresis - Answers-paralysis paraplegia - Answers-paralysis from the waist down quadriplegia - Answers-paralysis of all four limbs Cataracts symptoms - Answers--Progressive blurring of vision over years -Needing increased light to see clearly -Decreased night vision -NO pain or rednes -Poorly visualized fundus on exam (lost red reflex) Glaucoma - Answers-increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision Circulatory system - Answers-heart, blood vessels, blood HTN (hypertension) - Answers-elevated blood pressure persistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher Atherosclerosis - Answers-hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels Diuretics - Answers-medications that reduce fluid volume in the body CAD (coronary artery disease) - Answers-Abnormal narrowing of the blood vessels of the heart, predisposing to heart attacks angina pectoris - Answers-chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen MI (myocardial infarction)/ heart attack - Answers-When blood flow to the heart muscles is blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach the cells in that area CHF (congestive heart failure) - Answers-heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood 1 inspiration + 1 expiration = - Answers-1 respiration