Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care 100 % VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT, Exams of Nursing

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Hartman's Nursing

Assistant Care 100

VERIFIED ANSWERS

2024/2025 CORRECT

long-term care (LTC) care given in long-term care facilities for people who need 24-hour, skilled care. skilled care medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist. length of stay the number of days a person stays in a healthcare facility. chronic long-term or long-lasting. diagnoses physicians' determinations of an illness. home health care care that is provided in a person's home. assisted living

residences for people who do not need skilled, 24-hour care, but do require some help with daily care. adult day services care for people who need some help during certain hours, but who do not live in the facility where care is given. acute care 24 - hour skilled care for short-term illnesses or injuries; generally given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers. subacute care care given in a hospital or in a long-term care facility for people who need less care than for an acute illness, but more care than for a chronic illness. outpatient care care is given for less than 24 hours for people who have had treatment or surgery and need short-term skilled care. rehabilitation care that is given by specialists to help restore or improve function after an illness or injury. activities of daily living daily personal care tasks such as bathing; caring for skin, nails, hair, and teeth; dressing; toileting; eating and drinking; walking, and transferring. culture change

a term given to the process of transforming services for elders so that they are based on the values and practices of the person receiving care; core values include choice, dignity, respect, self-determination, and purposeful living. person-directed care a type of care that places the emphasis on the person needing care and his or her individuality and capabilities. Medicare a federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, are disabled, or are ill and cannot work. Medicaid a medical assistance program for people with low incomes, as well as for people with disabilities. charting documenting important information and observations about residents assistive devices special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform activities of daily living; also called adaptive devices. chain of command the line of authority within a facility. liability a legal term that means someone can be held responsible for harming someone else. scope of practice

defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally allowed to do and how to do them correctly. care plan a plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals; it outlines the steps and tasks that the care team must perform. policy a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs professional having to do with work or a job procedure a method, or way, of doing something. personal relating to life outside one's job, such as family, friends, and home life. professionalism how a person behaves when he is on the job; it includes how a person dresses, the words he uses, and the things he talks about. ethics the knowledge of right and wrong. laws rules set by the government to help people live peacefully together and to ensure order and safety.

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) a law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents. cite in a long-term care facility, to find a problem through a survey. Residents' Rights numerous rights identified in the OBRA law that relate to how residents must be treated while living in a facility; they provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers. informed consent the process in which a person, with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about his or her health care abuse purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone. neglect the failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person. physical abuse any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person's body. psychological abuse

emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, or insulting a person, or by treating him as a child; also includes verbal abuse. verbal abuse the use of spoken or written words, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person. sexual abuse the forcing of a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against his or her will; includes unwanted touching, exposing oneself, and the sharing of pornographic material. financial abuse the improper or illegal use of a person's money, possessions, property, or other assets. assault a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that he or she will be harmed. battery the intentional touching of a person without his or her consent. domestic violence physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members. false imprisonment unlawful restraint that affects a person's freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained. involuntary seclusion

the separation of a person from others against the person's will. workplace violence verbal, physical, or sexual abuse of staff by other staff members, residents, or visitors. sexual harassment any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment. substance abuse the repeated use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that is harmful to oneself or others. active neglect the purposeful failure to provide needed care, resulting in harm to a person. passive neglect the unintentional failure to provide needed care, resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person. negligence actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care, that result in an unintended injury to a person. malpractice injury to a person due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of skill. ombudsman

a legal advocate for residents in long-term care facilities; helps resolve disputes and settle conflicts. confidentiality the legal and ethical principle of keeping information private. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) a federal law that requires health information be kept private and secure and that organizations must take special steps to protect this information. protected health information(PHI) a person's private health information, which includes name, address, telephone number, social security number, email address, and medical record number. Minimum Data Set (MDS) a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities; also details what to do if resident problems are identified. incident an accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care that is not part of the normal routine in a healthcare facility. communication the process of exchanging information with others by sending and receiving messages. verbal communication communication involving the use of spoken or written words or sounds. nonverbal communication communicating without using words.

objective information information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells; also called signs. subjective information information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported to the person that may or may not be true; also called symptoms. incontinence the inability to control the bladder or bowels. defense mechanisms unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress. culture a system of learned behaviors, practiced by a group of people, that is considered to be the tradition of that people and is passed on from one generation to the next. impairment a loss of function or ability. mental health the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities. mental illness a disorder that affects a person's ability to function at a normal level in the family, home, or community. combative violent or hostile behavior.

body mechanics the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves. posture the way a person holds and positions his body. fracture a broken bone. disorientation confusion about person, place, or time. scalds burns caused by hot liquids. abrasion an injury that rubs off the surface of the skin. conscious the state of being mentally alert and having awareness of surroundings, sensations, and thoughts. first aid emergency care given immediately to an injured person. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working. obstructed airway

a condition in which the tube through which air enters the lungs is blocked. abdominal thrusts method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking. cyanotic skin that is blue or gray. shock a condition that occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply. dyspnea difficulty breathing insulin reaction complication of diabetes that can result from either too much insulin or too little food; also known as hypoglycemia. diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) a complication of diabetes that is caused by having too little insulin; also called hyperglycemia. cerebrovascular accident (CVA) a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called a stroke. transient ischemic attack (TIA) a warning sign of a CVA/stroke resulting from a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain; symptoms may last up to 24 hours.

emesis the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose. infection prevention the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease. microorganism (MO) a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope; also called microbe. microbe a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only under a microscope; also called microorganism. infection the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying. pathogens microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease. localized localized infection an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. systemic infection an infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms. healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. chain of infection way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another. causative agent: a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease. reservoir a place where a pathogen lives and grows. portal of exit any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. mode of transmission the method of describing how a pathogen travels. direct contact a way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his or her secretions. indirect contact a way of transmitting pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person. portal of entry any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. mucous membranes the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals.

susceptible host an uninfected person who could get sick. transmission passage or transfer. medical asepsis refers to practices such as handwashing that reduce, remove, and control the spread of microorganisms. surgical asepsis the state of being free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) a government agency under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that issues information to protect the health of individuals and communities. Standard Precautions a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease. sputum thick mucus coughed up from the lungs. sharps: needles or other sharp objects. hand hygiene washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs. antimicrobial

an agent that destroys, resists or prevents the development of pathogens. personal protective equipment (PPE) equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. don to put on doff to remove perineal care care of the genitals and anal area non-intact skin skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils. clean in health care, a condition in which objects are not contaminated with pathogens. dirty in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens. sterilization a method used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores. disinfection

a process that kills pathogens, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious. disposable: only to be used once and then discarded. Transmission-Based Precautions method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or suspected of being infected with a disease. Blood borne pathogens microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans. hepatitis inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma. tuberculosis (TB) a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) an infection caused by specific bacteria that have become resistant to many antibiotics. VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resistance to antibiotics as a result of being exposed to the antibiotic vancomycin. Clostridium difficile (C. diff, C. difficile) a bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis.

psychosocial needs needs that involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality. masturbation to touch or rub sexual organs in order to give oneself or another person sexual pleasure. holistic care a type of care that involves caring for the whole person—the mind as well as the body. cultural diversity the different groups of people with varied backgrounds and experiences who live together in the world. cognitive related to thinking and learning. developmental disabilities disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood that restrict physical or mental ability. apathy a lack of interest. major depressive disorder a type of depression that causes withdrawal, lack of energy, and loss of interest in activities, as well as other symptoms; also called major depression. bipolar disorder

a type of depression that causes a person to swing from periods of deep depression to periods of extreme activity; also called manic-depressive illness. anxiety uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition. phobia: an intense form of anxiety or fear. claustrophobia the fear of being in a confined space. panic disorder a disorder in which a person has repeated episodes of intense fear that something bad will occur. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior or thoughts. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) an anxiety disorder caused by a traumatic experience. schizophrenia a form of mental illness that affects a person's ability to think, communicate, make decisions, and understand reality. hallucinations seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling things that are not there. delusions false beliefs

psychotherapy a method of treating mental illness that involves talking about one's problems with mental health professionals. terminal illness a disease or condition that will eventually cause death. grief deep distress or sorrow over a loss. advance directives legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves. living will a document that outlines the medical care a person wants or does not want, in case he or she becomes unable to make those decisions. durable power of attorney for health care a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so. do-not-resuscitate (DNR) a type of advance directive that instructs medical professionals not to perform CPR if a person's heartbeat or breathing stops. Cheyne-Stokes alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing. postmortem care

care of the body after death. hospice care holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families. palliative care care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing him or her. homeostasis the condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best. metabolism physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or broken down into energy or products for use by the body. dilate to widen constrict to narrow atrophy the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use. contracture the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity. inflammation

swelling autoimmune illness an illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal tissue in the body. rheumatoid arthritis a type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities. osteoarthritis common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis. osteoporosis a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily. menopause the end of menstruation. partial weight-bearing (PWB) a doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs. non-weight-bearing (NWB) a doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any bodyweight on one or both legs full weight-bearing (FWB)

a doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs. hemiplegia paralysis on one side of the body. hemiparesis weakness on one side of the body. expressive aphasia: trouble communicating thoughts through speech or writing. receptive aphasia difficulty understanding spoken or written words. emotional lability laughing or crying without any reason or when it is inappropriate. dysphagia difficulty swallowing. gait manner of walking. paraplegia loss of function of lower body and legs. quadriplegia loss of function of legs, trunk, and arms. hypertension (HTN) high blood pressure, measuring 140/90 or higher.

diuretics medications that reduce fluid volume in the body. respiration the process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs. inspiration breathing in expiration exhaling air out of the lungs. digestion the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells. elimination the process of expelling solid wastes (made up of the waste products of food) that are not absorbed into the cells. fecal incontinence the inability to control the bowels, leading to involuntary passage of stool. constipation the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of a hard, dry stool. enema

a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool. suppository a medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement. ostomy a surgically-created opening from an area inside the body to the outside. stoma: an artificial opening in the body. glands organs that produce and secrete chemicals called hormones. hormones chemical substances created by the body that control numerous body functions. diabetes a condition in which the pancreas produces too little insulin or does not properly use insulin. insulin a hormone that converts glucose into energy for the body. pre-diabetes a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are above normal but are not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. gestational diabetes type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy.

reproduce to create new human life. gonads sex glands tumor a cluster of abnormally-growing cells confusion the inability to think clearly delirium a state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly and is usually temporary. cognition the ability to think logically and clearly. cognitive impairment loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected. dementia the serious loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating. Alzheimer's disease a progressive, incurable disease that causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, eventually causing dementia. perseveration