Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics well answered already passed, Exams of Nursing

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Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: The

Basics

Beginning steps for client care - correct answer ✔✔-Knock and wait for permission to enter -Introduce yourself as Nurse Aide Student -identify the patient by name -wash your hands -Explain procedure and ask for permission -Provide privacy (cutain, screen, or door) -Adjust bed to a safe level, usually waist high. -Lock the bed wheels Ending steps for client care - correct answer ✔✔-Return to lowest position -Remove privacy -Place call light in reach -wash your hands -Report any changes in the client to the nurse -Document procedure Long Term Care (LTC) - correct answer ✔✔care given in long-term care facilities for people who need 24- hour skilled care skilled care - correct answer ✔✔medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist, it is available 24 hours a day, and it is ordered by a doctor and involved a treatment plan chronic condition - correct answer ✔✔any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than six months). It usually can't be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. Examples include arthritis and asthma.

Example of chronic condition - correct answer ✔✔Physical disabilities terminal illness - correct answer ✔✔a disease or condition that will eventually cause death acute care - correct answer ✔✔24-hour skilled care for short-term illnesses or injuries; generally given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers subacute care - correct answer ✔✔care for an illness or condition given to people who need less care than for an acute (sudden onset, short-term) illness or injury but more than for a chronic (long-term) illness Example of chronic condition - correct answer ✔✔Heart disease Example of chronic condition - correct answer ✔✔Dementia outpatient care - correct answer ✔✔Care given for less than 24 hours for people who have had treatments or surgery and need short-term skilled care. They do not require an overnight stay in a hospital or other care facility Rehabilitation - correct answer ✔✔Restore or improve function after an illness or injjury hospice care - correct answer ✔✔treatment of the terminally ill in their own homes, or in special hospital units or other facilities, with the goal of helping them to die comfortably, without pain. For people who have about 6 months or less to live Medicare - correct answer ✔✔A federal health insurance program for persons 65 years of age and older Medicaid - correct answer ✔✔A medical assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them. For people who have low income, as well as for people with disabilities. Nursing assistants are not allowed to - correct answer ✔✔Insert or remove tubes, give tube feedings, or change sterile dressings

Nursing assistants are part of - correct answer ✔✔A team of health professionals assistive or adaptive devices - correct answer ✔✔special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled perform activities of daily living (ex: occupational therapy) occupational therapist - correct answer ✔✔assess and plan for the client to regain ADLs, esp motor skills of the upper extremities; direct care of occupational therapy assistants The chain of command protects employees from - correct answer ✔✔Liability chain of command - correct answer ✔✔the line of authority that moves from the top of a hierarchy to the lowest level In continence is - correct answer ✔✔Not a normal part of aging transmission-based precautions - correct answer ✔✔CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions scope of practice - correct answer ✔✔defines the tasks that healthcare providers are legally permitted to perform as allowed by state or federal law care plan - correct answer ✔✔is individualized for each resident. It lists the tasks that team members, including NAs, must preform. policy - correct answer ✔✔Is a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs procedure - correct answer ✔✔a method, or way of doing something

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) - correct answer ✔✔Passed in 1987 in response to reports of poor care and aside in long-term care facilities. OBRA requires that the Nursing Aide Training and Competency Evaluation Program (NATCEP) - correct answer ✔✔Set minimum standards for nursing assistant training. NAs must complete at least 100 hours of training To cite - correct answer ✔✔Means to find a problem through a survey Battery - correct answer ✔✔The intentional touching of a person without his or her consent False Imprisonment - correct answer ✔✔unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement active neglect - correct answer ✔✔the purposeful failure to provide needed care, resulting in harm to a person passive neglect - correct answer ✔✔the unintentional failure to provide needed care, resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person An Ombudsman - correct answer ✔✔is assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents OAA (Older Americans Act) - correct answer ✔✔Federal law that requires all states to have an ombudsman program Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - correct answer ✔✔A comprehensive set of standards and practices designed to give patients specific rights regarding their personal health information. Protected Health Information (PHI) - correct answer ✔✔Information that can be used to identify a person and relates to the patients condition, any health care that the person has had and payment for that health care

military time - correct answer ✔✔To change the hours between 1:00 pm to 11:59 pm to military time, add 12 to the regular time 1600 as regular time - correct answer ✔✔4 pm 2100 as regular time - correct answer ✔✔9 pm 0900 as regular time - correct answer ✔✔9 a.m. 0000 as regular time - correct answer ✔✔12 am 1200 as regular time - correct answer ✔✔12 pm Minimum Data Set (MDS) - correct answer ✔✔a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities; also details what to do if resident problems are identified Incident reporting guidelines - correct answer ✔✔-tell what happened (state the time and the mental and physical condition of the person) -describe the persons reaction to the incident -state the facts; do not give opinions -do not document that an incident report was completed on the medical record -describe the action taken to give care Anything the endangers the resident should be - correct answer ✔✔Reporter immediately (ex: falls, chest pain, severe headache, trouble breathing) Objective information - correct answer ✔✔based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells subjective information - correct answer ✔✔something a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something the resident reported that may or may not be true

"Mr Hartman says he has a headache" - correct answer ✔✔Subjective information "Mr Hartman is holding his head and rubbing his temples" - correct answer ✔✔Objective information brady- - correct answer ✔✔slow -pathy - correct answer ✔✔disease body mechanics - correct answer ✔✔the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves base of support - correct answer ✔✔The foundation that supports an object scalds - correct answer ✔✔burns caused by hot liquids Always check the water temperature with.. - correct answer ✔✔A water thermometer or on the inside of your wrist before using Residents must always be identified before - correct answer ✔✔Giving care or serving food Anytime you are feeding a resident they should be - correct answer ✔✔Sitting at a 75-90 degrees angle OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) - correct answer ✔✔a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job Abrasion - correct answer ✔✔an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away P.A.S.S. (acronym for using fire extinguisher) - correct answer ✔✔Pull the pin Aim at the base of fire when spraying

Squeeze the handle Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire RACE acronym for fire - correct answer ✔✔Remove anyone in danger if you are not in danger Activate alarm or call 911 Contain fire if possible by closing all doors and windows Extinguish the fire, or the fire department will extinguish it. Evacuate the area if instructed to do so. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - correct answer ✔✔refers to medical procedures used when a person's heart or lungs have stopped working choking - correct answer ✔✔When something is blocking the tune through which air enters the lungs, the person has an obstructed airway As long as the resident can speak, breath, or cough, the NA should - correct answer ✔✔Encourage her to cough as forcefully as possible to get the object out abdominal thrusts - correct answer ✔✔a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking Cyanosis of the skin is caused by - correct answer ✔✔decreased blood oxygen cyanotic skin - correct answer ✔✔Blue/gray, inadequate oxygenation or perfusion, inadequate respiration, heart attack Shock can occur: - correct answer ✔✔When organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply Myocardial infraction (MI) - correct answer ✔✔Heart Attack; Caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries. Results in heart tissue death. Occurs when the heart muscle itself does not receive enough oxygen because blood vessels are blocked

Dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔difficulty breathing To treat a minor burn - correct answer ✔✔Do not use ice or ice water, as ice may cause further skin damage. Dampen a clean cloth with cool water. Place it over the burn Syncope - correct answer ✔✔fainting insulin reaction (hypoglycemia) - correct answer ✔✔can result from either too much insulin or too little food Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - correct answer ✔✔Is caused by having too little insulin Seizures - correct answer ✔✔Involuntary, often violent, contractions of muscles type 2 diabetes - correct answer ✔✔Diabetes of a form that develops especially in adults and most often obese individuals and that is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin utilization coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production. MOST COMMON type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile onset) - correct answer ✔✔diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, and patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - correct answer ✔✔a.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - correct answer ✔✔Aka "little stroke" the result of a temporary lack of oxygen in the brain hemiplegia - correct answer ✔✔paralysis of one side of the body hemiparesis - correct answer ✔✔Arm numbness or weakness on one side of the body

expressive aphasia - correct answer ✔✔slurred speech or inability to speak receptive aphasia - correct answer ✔✔inability to understand spoken or written words Emesis - correct answer ✔✔vomiting infection prevention - correct answer ✔✔the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease Microorganism (MO) - correct answer ✔✔a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope; also called microbe. Microbe - correct answer ✔✔another name for a microorganism Infections occurs when harmful microorganisms, called pathogens - correct answer ✔✔Invade the body and multiply localized infection - correct answer ✔✔an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms systemic infection - correct answer ✔✔affects the entire body Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - correct answer ✔✔an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care chain of infection - correct answer ✔✔a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one being to another Link 1: causative agent - correct answer ✔✔a pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus that can cause a disease

Link 2: reservoir - correct answer ✔✔where the pathogen lives and grows Link 3: portal of exit - correct answer ✔✔any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave Link 4: Mode of Transmission - correct answer ✔✔How the pathogen travels; direct or indirect contact Link 5: Portal of Entry - correct answer ✔✔any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter; nose, mouth, eyes, and other mucous membranes Link 6: Susceptible Host - correct answer ✔✔uninfected person who could get sick medical asepsis - correct answer ✔✔refers to measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens Surgical asepsis (sterile technique) - correct answer ✔✔Makes an object or area free of all microorganisms (not just pathogens) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) - correct answer ✔✔a federal agency that conducts and supports health promotion, prevention and preparedness activities in the United States with the goal of improving overall public health. sputum - correct answer ✔✔mucous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth hand hygiene - correct answer ✔✔washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs antimicrobial agent - correct answer ✔✔destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - correct answer ✔✔equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards don - correct answer ✔✔to put on doff - correct answer ✔✔to remove Nonintact skin - correct answer ✔✔Skin that has a break in the surface Disinfection - correct answer ✔✔The process of destroying pathogens transmission-based precautions - correct answer ✔✔Precautions caused for persons who are infected or may be infected with certain diseases Droplet precautions - correct answer ✔✔are used for patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking or laughing Bloodborne pathogens - correct answer ✔✔microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease Hepatitis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin Hepatitis B and C - correct answer ✔✔Blood borne disease that can cause death Hepatitis B - correct answer ✔✔Spread through sexual contact, by sharing needles, or from a mother to her baby Tuberculosis (TB) - correct answer ✔✔Airborne highly contagious disease caused by a bacterial infection. MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) - correct answer ✔✔An infection that is resistant to methicillin. Drugs no longer work to kill the specific bacteria

VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) - correct answer ✔✔Spread through direct and indirect contact VRE infections are often difficult to treat and may require several medications Clostridium difficile infection (C. Diff or C. Difficile) - correct answer ✔✔Spore-forming bacterium which can be part of the normal intestinal flora psychosocial needs - correct answer ✔✔needs which involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality. Maskow's hierarchy of needs - correct answer ✔✔A model developed by Abraham Maslow to show how physical and psychosocial needs are arranged in order of importance -physical needs -safety and security -need for love -need for self-esteem -need for self-actualization holistic care - correct answer ✔✔care that provides for the well-being of the whole person and meets not only physical needs, but also social, emotional, and mental needs OBRA requires that facilities provide - correct answer ✔✔An activity program designed to meet the interests and the physical and psychosocial well-being of each resident Activity is an - correct answer ✔✔Essential part of a persons life Ageism - correct answer ✔✔Discrimination based on age GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder) - correct answer ✔✔A psychological disorder characterized by tension or anxiety much of the time about many issues, but without the presence of panic attacks.

panic disorder - correct answer ✔✔An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. apathy - correct answer ✔✔a lack of feeling, emotion, or interest Schizophrenia - correct answer ✔✔Affects a persons ability to think and communicate clearly. It also affects the ability to manage emotions, make decisions, and understand reality Hallucinations - correct answer ✔✔false sensory experiences Delusions - correct answer ✔✔Are persistent false beliefs Psychotherapy - correct answer ✔✔Involves talking about ones problems with mental health professionals CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) - correct answer ✔✔popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive (thinking) and behavior therapy durable power of attorney - correct answer ✔✔a legal agreement that allows an agent or representative of the patient to act on behalf of the patient DNR - correct answer ✔✔do not resuscitate advance directives - correct answer ✔✔A legal document designed to indicate a person's wishes regarding care in case of a terminal illness or during the dying process living will - correct answer ✔✔A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes. Hearing is usually - correct answer ✔✔The last sense to leave the body

The dying persons bill of rights - correct answer ✔✔affirms the dying person's right to dignity, privacy, informed participation, and competent care Cheyne-Stokes - correct answer ✔✔Periods of difficult breathing (dyspnea) followed by periods of no respirations (apnea) Postmortem care - correct answer ✔✔care of the body after death palliative care - correct answer ✔✔Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family. Ex: hospice care Hospice care - correct answer ✔✔holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families blood vessels dilate or widen - correct answer ✔✔When the outside temperature is too high Blood vessels constrict or narrow - correct answer ✔✔When the outside temperature is too cold Atropy - correct answer ✔✔The muscle wastes away, or decreases in size, and becomes weak contracture - correct answer ✔✔The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle Arthritis - correct answer ✔✔inflammation of a joint rheumatoid arthritis - correct answer ✔✔a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) - correct answer ✔✔May occur with aging or as the result of joint injury

PWB (partial weight bearing) - correct answer ✔✔a doctor's order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs NWB (non-weight bearing) - correct answer ✔✔indicates that no weight at all can be placed on the extremity involved FWB (full weight bearing) - correct answer ✔✔able to bear 100 percent of the body weight on one or both legs on a step THR (total hip replacement) - correct answer ✔✔Total hip arthroplasty - iis replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone TKR (total knee replacement) - correct answer ✔✔A surgical procedure in which damaged parts of the knee joint are replaced with artificial parts. compression stockings - correct answer ✔✔Plastic, air-filled, sleeve-like device that is applied to the legs and hooked to a machine CNS (central nervous system) - correct answer ✔✔brain and spinal cord PNS (peripheral nervous system) - correct answer ✔✔the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body CVA (cerebrovascular accident) - correct answer ✔✔a.k.a. "Stroke". Lack of blood supply to the brain causing brain damage Dysphasia - correct answer ✔✔difficulty swallowing expressive aphasia - correct answer ✔✔The inability to produce language ( despite being able to understand language) receptive aphasia - correct answer ✔✔inability to understand spoken or written words

Emotional liability - correct answer ✔✔Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses gait - correct answer ✔✔manner of walking Parkinson's disease - correct answer ✔✔a progressive, incurable disease that destroys brain cells and is identified by muscular tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis MS (multiple sclerosis) - correct answer ✔✔A progressive disease in which the Myelin sheet breaks down overtime, without this protective covering nerves cannot conduct impulses to and from the brain in a normal way -paresis - correct answer ✔✔paralysis paraplegia - correct answer ✔✔paralysis from the waist down quadriplegia - correct answer ✔✔paralysis of all four limbs Cataracts symptoms - correct answer ✔✔-Progressive blurring of vision over years -Needing increased light to see clearly -Decreased night vision -NO pain or rednes -Poorly visualized fundus on exam (lost red reflex) Glaucoma - correct answer ✔✔increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision Circulatory system - correct answer ✔✔heart, blood vessels, blood HTN (hypertension) - correct answer ✔✔elevated blood pressure persistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher

Atherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels Diuretics - correct answer ✔✔medications that reduce fluid volume in the body CAD (coronary artery disease) - correct answer ✔✔Abnormal narrowing of the blood vessels of the heart, predisposing to heart attacks angina pectoris - correct answer ✔✔chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen MI (myocardial infarction)/ heart attack - correct answer ✔✔When blood flow to the heart muscles is blocked, oxygen and nutrients fail to reach the cells in that area CHF (congestive heart failure) - correct answer ✔✔heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood 1 inspiration + 1 expiration = - correct answer ✔✔1 respiration PVD (peripheral vascular disease) - correct answer ✔✔A disease in which the legs feet arms or hands do not have enough blood circulation due to Fatty desposition in the blood vessels and harden overtime COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - correct answer ✔✔A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. chronic bronchitis and emphysema - correct answer ✔✔Together called COPD bronchitis - correct answer ✔✔irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi chronic bronchitis - correct answer ✔✔Usually caused by cigarette smoking

Emphysema - correct answer ✔✔Chronic disease of the lungs that usually results from chronic bronchitis and cigarette smoking Pneumonia - correct answer ✔✔Illness and that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection Acute inflammation occurs in lung tissue UTI (urinary tract infection) - correct answer ✔✔A bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. More common in women fecal incontinence - correct answer ✔✔the inability to control the passage of feces and gas through the anus enema - correct answer ✔✔the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity Decal impaction - correct answer ✔✔A hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot by expelled Hemorrhoids - correct answer ✔✔Enlarged veins in the rectum