Download Phlebotomy Terminology and Procedures: A Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
Hartman's Phlebotomy Final questions and answers Review provider - a person or organization that provides health care, including doctors, nurses, clinics, and agencies. facility - a place where health care is delivered or administered; may be a hospital, doctor's office, clinical laboratory, treatment center, etc. payer - a person or organization paying for healthcare. diagnose - to make a medical determination of illness. inpatient - a type of medical care provided to patients who stay at a facility overnight. outpatient - a type of medical care that does not require an overnight stay. acute - as related to illness, short-term and requiring immediate care. discharge - to release a patient from a medical facility. admit - to check a patient in to a medical facility for inpatient care. long-term care facility - a center that provides skilled care 24 hours a day to residents who live there. clinical laboratory - a facility that collects and analyzes specimens from patients in order to provide doctors and other healthcare professionals with information. specimen - a portion or sample of something larger, collected for study or analysis.
reference laboratory - facility that primarily analyzes specimens sent from other locations. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) - federal regulations regarding the staffing and operation of clinical laboratories. accredit - officially approve through a specific process. Joint Commission - an independent, nonprofit organization that evaluates and accredits. chemistry - in a clinical laboratory, the department concerned with analyzing specimens for the presence of particular chemicals. hematology - in a clinical laboratory, the department concerned with analyzing specimens to study properties, diseases, or disorders of the blood. coagulation - the process of blood clotting. microbiology - in a clinical laboratory, the department concerned with the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. microorganisms - living things so small they can only be seen under a microscope. culture - in medicine, to cause any microorganisms present to multiply. immunology - in a clinical laboratory, the department concerned with analyzing specimens to study the body's response to disease. antibody - a protein made by the body to protect against foreign substances.
capillary puncture - the puncture of a patient's skin for the purpose of collecting a blood specimen from the capillaries beneath the puncture site; also called dermal puncture. policy - a course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs. procedure - a method, or way, of doing something. requisition - an order for diagnostic tests to be completed. quality assurance - in health care, ensuring that care is being provided according to facility policy and procedures, with results to meet expectations. quality improvement - in health care, practices that seek to make care better in a way that can be measured. quality control - in health care, processes put into place to document that standards are being met. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) - a nonprofit organization that develops standards of practice for laboratories worldwide. certification - a process used in healthcare to ensure skills are mastered for particular positions. clinical experience - experience working with patients in a healthcare facility. continuing education - in health care, education intended to keep healthcare workers up to date on changes in medicine that affect their jobs; it may also address new equipment, new procedures, or policy changes, or provide a review of important topics. professional - having to do with work or a job.
personal - having to do with life outside a job. professionalism - behaving properly when on the job. empathy - identifying with the feelings of others. tactful - showing sensitivity and having a sense of what is appropriate when dealing with others. conscientious - careful; guided by a sense of what is important and right. stress - a state of being overwhelmed by mental or emotional demands. stressor - something that causes stress. ethics - the knowledge of right and wrong. law - a rule established to help people live peacefully together and to ensure order and safety. confidentiality - the legal and ethical principal of keeping information private. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - a federal law that requires health information be kept private and secure and that organizations take special steps to protect this information. protected health information (PHI) - a person's private health information, which includes name, address, telephone number, social security number, email address, and medical record number.
informed consent - in health care, acknowledgement of agreement to treatment or to a procedure that is given after receiving information regarding risks and benefits; informed consent must usually be documented before treatment begins. express consent - consent that is actively, consciously acknowledged. assault - the use of words or actions to cause another person to feel fearful of being harmed. battery - the intentional touching of another person without permission. minor - a person less than 18 years of age. cognitive - related to the ability to think and process information. implied consent - the assumption that a person agrees to treatment or to a procedure; allows medical treatment to be provided in emergency situations, for example, even if the patient is not able to express consent. American Hospital Association (AHA) - a nonprofit membership organization concerned with providing information to the healthcare industry and the public regarding healthcare issues and trends. advance directive - a legal document that allows people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have in the event they are unable to make those decisions themselves. living will - a type of advance directive that outlines specific medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he becomes unable to make those decisions. do-not-resuscitate (DNR) - a medical order that instructs medical professionals not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest.
durable power of attorney for health care - a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so. medical social worker - employee at a health care facility who deals with patients' social, emotional, and financial needs. communication - the process of exchanging information with others by sending and receiving messages. verbal communication - communication involving the use of spoken or written words or sounds. nonverbal communication - communication without using words. cliché - phrase that is used over and over again and does not really mean anything. syncope - loss of consciousness; also called fainting. cyanotic - blue or gray, in reference to skin color. anticoagulant - a substance that stops blood from clotting. hemostasis - the stopping of a flow of blood hemoglobin - an oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. documentation - in health care, the creation of a record of care given to a patient.
healthcare-associated infection (HAI) - an infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. chain of infection - a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another. causative agent - a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease. reservoir - a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies. portal of exit - any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. mode of transmission - the way a pathogen travels. direct contact - a way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his secretions. indirect contact - a way of transmitting pathogens from touching an object contaminated by the infected person. portal of entry - any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. mucous membranes - the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals. susceptible host - an uninfected person who could become sick. transmission - passage or transfer. infectious - contagious.
medical asepsis - measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens. surgical asepsis - the state of being completely free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique. - Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) - a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - a federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect and improve the health of individuals and communities. Standard Precautions - a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease. lancet - a sharp instrument used to make small incisions, as in capillary puncture procedures. - sharps - needles, lancets, or other sharp objects. hand hygiene - washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs. personal protective equipment (PPE) - equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards.
engineering controls - features incorporated in medical devices to make their use less hazardous. exposure control plan - a plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material. clean - in health care, a condition in which objects are not contaminated with pathogens. dirty - in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens. disinfection - a process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious. sterilization - cleaning measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens. flammable - able to catch fire easily. ergonomics - the science of designing equipment, areas, and work tasks to make them safer and to suit the worker's abilities. Hazard Communication Standard - OSHA's system of identifying potential hazards in the workplace. Safety Data Sheet (SDS) - document describing the composition and possible hazards of chemicals in the workplace. aerosolize - to disperse a substance through the air in such a way that it might be inhaled. centrifuge - a machine commonly used to separate substances within liquids through rapid spinning.
homeostasis - the condition in which all of the body's systems are balanced and are working together to maintain internal stability. metabolism - physical and chemical processes by which substances are broken down or transformed into energy or products for use by the body. organ - structural unit in the human body that performs a specific function. tissue - group of cells that performs a similar task. cell - basic structural unit of the body that divides, develops, and dies, renewing tissues and organs. integument - a natural protective covering dilate - to widen. constrict - to narrow. antibody - a protein made by the body to protect against foreign substances. joint - the place at which two bones meet. muscles - group of tissues that provides movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of body heat. central nervous system (CNS) - the part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
signs - objective information symptoms - subjective information skin - largest organ and system in the body integumentary system - function: prevents injury to internal organs, protect body against bacteria, regulates body temperature voluntary muscle - A muscle that is under conscious control involuntary muscle - A muscle that is not under conscious control. nervous system - function: control and message center of the body cerebrum - largest section of the human brain inspiration - breathing in expiration - breathing out pleura - membrane covering the lungs respiratory system - function: bring oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide digestion - process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells
glands - organs that produce and secrete hormones gastrointestinal system - functions; digestion, absorption, and elimination absorption - process of expelling wastes that are not absorbed into the cells endocrine system - function: maintain homeostasis through hormone secretion acquired immunity - kind of specific immunity the body acquires by fighting an infection or by vaccination septum - in cardiology, the wall dividing the right and left sides of the heart. atria - the two upper chambers of the heart (singular atrium). ventricles - the two lower chambers of the heart. tricuspid valve - the heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. pulmonary valve - the heart valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. bicuspid valve - the heart valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called the mitral valve. aortic valve - the heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta. cardiac conduction system - the pathway of electrical impulses that controls the heart's pumping action.
tunica adventitia - the outer layer of veins or arteries. tunica media - the middle layer of veins or arteries. tunica intima - the inner later veins or arteries. pulmonary circuit - the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs. systemic circuit - the circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body (except the lungs). plasma - the liquid portion of blood. formed elements - the solid portion of blood. erythrocyte - a red blood cell; contains the protein (hemoglobin) that carries oxygen in the blood. leukocyte - white blood cell; capable of producing antibodies and destroying pathogens. thrombocyte - part of the formed elements of blood; plays a role in blood clotting; also called platelet. stem cell - a cell that can become any type of cell. neutrophil - a type of white blood cell that is the body's first defense against illness. eosinophil - a type of white blood cell.
basophil - a type of white blood cell. granulocyte - a category of short-lived white blood cells including eosinophils and basophils. lymphocyte - a type of white blood cell that plays a role in boosting the body's immune system. B cell - a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies. T cell - a type of lymphocyte that can give chemical signals to regulate immune response or fight infected cells directly. - antigen - a substance that can prompt an immune response. monocyte - the largest of the white blood cells; matures into macrophages, which "eat" invading organisms. megakaryocyte - a cell produced in the bone marrow that fragments into platelets. complete blood count (CBC) - a common blood test used to determine the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are in a patient's blood; CBC with differential specifies how many of each type of white cell is present. anemia - a condition in which a person has either too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the blood. blood type - designation based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on a person's red blood cells; A, B, AB, and O are the most common blood types.
