HazMat Operations Test Prep, Exams of Advanced Education

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HazMat Operations Test Prep

55 gallons or 200 liters or 200 kg - A small spill is less than how many gallons, liters, kg? Pipeline markers - Gas piplines are identified by? not otherwise specified - N.O.S. stands for? RNIP --> Recognize & ID, Notify, Isolate, Protect - What are the responsiblities of awareness level personnel? Section Q - Which part of OSHA 29 Part 1910.120 deals with training? NFPA 472 - Which section of NFPA deals with HazMat? NFPA 473 - Which section of NFPA deals with EMS

1. Occupancy, location, and pre-incident surveys
2. Container/vehicle shape
3. Transportation Placards, labels or markings
4. Non transportation markings and colors
5. Written resources, MSDS
6. Senses - What are the six clues for HazMat or WMD incidents? Boiling-Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion - What does BLEVE stand for? A single dome on the top of the car protecting all of the fittings and valves. - What external feature destinguishes a pressure rail car from a non-pressure rail car?
7. What is in the pipeline.
8. Who owns the pipeline.
9. A 24 hours contact phone number. - What information must be listed on a pipeline marker? Human error, Package/container failure and motor vehicle accidents. - What are the common causes of HazMat incidents? Polymerization Inhalation Hazard - What does PIH stand for?
10. Excepted-- Shipments that involve very small amounts of radioactivity.
11. Strong Tight-- For the transport of Low Specific Activity materials
12. Type A-- designed to contain greater amounts of radioactivity than excepted for normal transport

4. Type B-- For highly radioactive shipments, designed to hold contents under extreme conditions. - What are the basic packaging types for radioactive materials? 640 cubic feet - Placards must be attached when the material is greater than how many cubic feet? Red (top of diamond) Flammability Yellow (right side of diamond) Reactivity White (bottom of diamond) Special Hazards Blue (left side of diamond) Health Hazards - What are the four catagories on the NFPA 704? (-W-) Water Reactive and (OX) Oxidizers - On the NFPA 704, what two symbols are recognized in the Special Hazard section? Buildings - What are NFPA 704s attached to? "DOT111A100W" is built to DOT standard 111 - A train marking that shows "DOT111A100W" is built to which standard? 100 PSI, this is a low pressure car - What is the maximum pressure for a train displaying this marking "DOT111A100W"? The brake end is always the rear of the car. - How can you tell which end of a train car is the "back?" Bill of Lading, the cab of the truck, the driver. - What are the shipping papers for highway transportation? Where are the papers located and who is the responsible party? Waybill or consist, in the engine, the conductor. - What are the shipping papers for railway transportation? Where are the papers located and who is the responsible party? Air Bill, the flight deck, the pilot - What are the shipping papers for air transportation? Where are the papers located and who is the responsible party? Dangerous Cargo Manifest, bridge or pilot house, captain or master - What are the shipping papers for water transportation? Where are the papers located and who is the responsible party?
5. Fire or explosion hazards
6. Health Hazards - What are the hazards that chemical substances present?
7. Acute-- short duration, may be a one time event.
8. Sub-Acute-- series of exposures with an interval of time between exposures.
9. Chronic-- long duration or repeated exposures - What are the three type of exposures? Inhalation, Ingestion, Absorption/Contact, Injection - What are the routes of exposure?

Right side, the numbers on the left side are the car identifaction numbers, like a license plate. - Are specification numbers on the right side or left side of a railcar? Beta radiation burns - Which type of radiation burns? Any situation in which a product (chemical) escapes or threatens to escape its container. - What is a HazMat incident? Level A--> Vapor Protection, limited thermal protection, no mechanical protection Level B--> Splash Protection, the minimum response to an unknown substance Level C--> Limited body and respiratory protection Level D--> Structural firefighting gear, street clothes, lab clothing - What are the four levels of Chemical Protective Equipment? Category #1-->, (by use) Lethal Agents, Incapacitating Agents and Harrassing Agents Category #2--> (by their physiological effects) Nerve Agents, Blister Agents, Blood Agents, Choking Agents - What are the two categories of chemical attacks? Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Neutron - What are the four types of radiation?

1. Pyrotechnics
2. Propellants
3. Explosives - What are the three categories of Energetic Materials? A device that can be carried in boxes, backpacks or letters, the pipe bomb is the most common - What is a "Type 1" IED? A device that is concealed under of worn as a part of clothing. - What is a "Type 2" IED? VBIEDs - What is a "Type 3" IED? An area surrounding the incident in which a personb may be exposed to dangerous (upwind) and life threatening (downwind) concentrations of materials. - What is an Initial Isolation Zone? The distance that should be considered evacuatied in all directions (radius). - What is the Initial Isolation Distance?
4. Evacuation
5. Shelter in place - What are the two strategies for public protection? 30 degrees - The Protective Action Zone assumes random changes in wind direction so what degree of angle should be protected downwind. Non-intervention operations - Awareness personnel are limited to....

LEPCs (Local Emergency Planning Commissions) form together to build a LEPD (Local Emergency Planning District) LEPD answer to the SERC (State Emergency Response Commission) - In which order do SERC, LEPC and LEPD operate?

1. Atmospheric--> max internal pressure of 5 psi
2. Low--> max internal pressure of 100 psi
3. High --> max internal pressure of 3000 psi - What are the three pressure types of Highway Tank trailers? Up to 100 psi. - What is the maximum pressure for a "non pressure" railcar? Up to 6 compartments - A non pressure rail car can have up to how many compartments? A container that can be transported by truck, rail or water. e.g conex boxes or a tank supported by a frame. - What is an intermodal container? When they cross water, go under highways and when they go through residential neighborhoods. - When must pipeline me marked? Materials from labs, hospitals, or power plants. Can include low-level wast and contaiminated clothing. - What are Low Specific Activity Items (LSA)? Placards are 10 3/4" diamonds, labels are 4" diamonds - What are the dimensions of a placard and a transportation label?
4. Color-->Flammable vs non-flammable gas
5. Symbol--> Flammable, poison, explosive
6. UN Hazard Class--> #1- #
7. UN/NA Identifaction number--> 1075 - What are the four types of information available from a placard? 141 degrees or below - Flammable Liquids have a maximum flash point of? Between 141 and 200 degrees - What is the flash point of a Combustible liquid? Other Regulated Materials, D= Consumer Commodities that present limited hazards due to its form, quanitity and packaging. - What is ORM-D? If loaded with two or more hazardous (non bulk) items as long as there is less than 2205 lbs of any one product. If 2205 lbs is reached the load must be placarded. - When can the Dangerous Placard be used? No, it is a marking allowed by the DOT. - Is "HOT" a DOT placard?

On the left side of the car under the reporting marks (owner and ID #), marked in lbs or kgs. Can also be marked in gallons or liters on the ends of the car. - Where is the capacity of a railcar marked? On fixed locations, but maybe seen on military vehicles but it is not required on vehicles. - Where would you see the military marking system?

1. Proper name of the material.
2. Hazard class of the material.
3. Packing group assigned to the material.
4. Quanity of the material. - Shipping papers must include what infomation? Emergency Response Plan - What is an ERP? Isolate area and deny entry. - What should be the first action at a HazMat or WMD scene?
5. Pathogens--> Living, disease producing organisms.
6. Toxins--> Toxins from living organisms, e.g. snake venom.
7. Endogenous Biological Regulators--> Chemical substances produced in the body to regulate various body functions. - What are the three categories of biological agents?
8. Explosions from airborne vapors
9. Fires occurring from heating equipment
10. Firearms and bobby traps used by lab or security personnel
11. Exposure to toxic products - What are the hazards of clandestine laboratories? Analyze, Plan a response, Implement a planned response and evaulate the response. - What does APIE stand for? Defensive Actions and non-intervention operations. NO OFFENSIVE MEASURES - Operations personnel can conduct what actions? No, they can mitigate (make less) not remediate (to correct or improve). - Are operations trained responders allowed to remediate an incident? Isolation distance for a solid is 75', a liquid is 150' and a gas is 330'. - What is the minimun isolation distance for a solid, liquid and gas that is not on fire? Polychlorinated biphenyl, used as dielectric and coolant fluids in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors. Known to cause cancer. - What are PCBs and where are they found? A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer. - Define carcinogen. Solid, liquid and gas/vapor. - What are the three states of matter?

Atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi at sea level) - What does "atm" stand for? The boiling point also increases. - When atmospheric or vapor pressure is raised what happens to the boiling point? How long the material remains. - Define persistence. Non-persistent materials will evaporate in less than 24 hours, while persistent materials will not evaporate in 24 hours. - What is the difference between persistent and non- persistent materials? 70 degrees F at atm - Violatile chemicals evaporate at what temperature? Triangle--> Oxygen, heat, fuel Tetrahedron--> Oxygen, heat, fuel, chain reaction - What are the three parts of the fire triangle, the four parts of the fire tetrahedron? 7 is Neutral, 1-6 is Acidic, 8-14 is Basic/Alkaline - On the pH scale what is neutral, basic/alkaline, acidic? When a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first - Define sublimation. Yes - Can a mixture be mixed together and seperated later? No, non-ionizing radiation is used in x-rays. - Will non-ionizing radiation change the molecular structure of an object? Yes, ionizing radiation is used in chemotherapy to kill cells - Will ionizing radiation change the molecular structure of an object? Extreme thermal change, can be hot of cold, that can cause permament damage to include shock or death. Think cyrogenics - Define thermal harm. Simple asphyxiants - What does the abbreviation SA stand for? Simple asphyxiants are inert gases that displace oxygen. Chemical asphyxiants render the body incapable of uptaking oxygen. - What is the difference between a simple asphyxiant and a chemical asphyxiant? Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. An OSHA term based on 30 minutes exposures - What does IDLH stand for? Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), an OSHA term Recommended Exposure Limit (REL), a Niosh term - PEL versus REL. Less than 7" - How far can Alpha particles travel?

Danger/Poison--> Highest level Warning --> Moderate level Caution --> Low level - What are the three levels of Toxicity? 30 minutes - How long should an intial isolation period last? Absorption is physical process while Adsorption is a chemical process - Absorption versus Adsorption 100 psi - On a SCBA the air guages must be within how many psi of each other? 1/4th of the tank. - The low air warning bell rings on a SCBA when how much air remains? Any substance, solid, gas, or liquid capable of causing harm to people, property or the enviroment. - Define HazMat. Yes - Can operations level personnel contain the relase without trying to stop the release? Yes as long as they do not enter the product to shut off the valve. - Is remote valve shutoff allowed for operations personnel? Yes if they have recieved additional training in that area. - Can operations level personnel shut off a propane tank and clean up small engine fluid spills after a motor vehicle accident? The operations level - During a multi-level incident management system what level must the incident commander be trained to? The temperature where a liquid changes to a solid. - Define freezing point. The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid - Define Melting point. The temperature when a liquid boils and converts into a vapor. - Define boiling point. The pressure exerted by a vapor above a liquid on the wall of a container. - Define vapor pressure. No, conversions can occur at any temperature, an example would be evaporation. - Do vapor conversions only occur at the boiling point? A chemical process known as oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reaction) - Define fire. Materials with a low boiling point and high vapor pressure. These materials are easily ignited. - Define Volatility.

The minimum temperature at which enough vapor will be driven from a liquid that, should an ignition source of sufficient energy is present the vapor will flash but not continue to burn. - Define Flashpoint. The temperature at which sufficient vapors are produced, that if an ignition source of sufficient energy is present, the resultant fire will continue to burn. - Define Firepoint the minimum temperature required to cause self sustained combustion in the absence of any source of ignition - Auto-ignition temperature The percentage of material by volume over which a flammable vapor to air mixture may be expected to ignite or explode. - What is the flammable range, A.K.A. explosive range? LEL--> Lower explosive limit (too lean mixture) UEL--> Upper explosive limit (too rich mixture) - Define LEL and UEL. The ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction by itself or through molecular interaction with other substances it may contact. - Defiine reactivity. Materials that spontaneously ignite upon contact with another chemical. - What are hypergolic materials? A fuel and oxidizer combination. - What is an organic peroxide? Initiators start a chemical reaction and catalysts assist in increasing the speed of a reaction.

• What are initiators and catalysts? Maximum Safe Storage Temperatures - What does MSST stand for? Self-accelerating decomposition temperature. The ability to generate enough heat by itself to keep the chemical reaction occurring. Will generate a large amount of vapor and oxygen, irreversible and will probably explode. - What does SADT stand for? One unit change is a change of 10x the concentration. - On the pH scale a change of one unit is an change of how many times the concentration? Substances that spontaneously ignite with air at temperatures below 130 degrees F. - Pryophoric substances? The weight of a liquid or solid relative to the weight of water. If the specific gravity is greater than 1 the item sinks, if less than 1 it will float. - What is specific gravity? Weight of a specific vapor relative to the weght of air. Divide the molecular weight of the product by 30 and if it is less than 1 it will rise. If greater than 1 it will sink. - Define vapor density.

Two liquids that will mix in any proportion. Immiscible describes two liquids that will not mix. - Define miscible. Gamma - Which type of radiation can travel up to one mile and causes celluar damage to DNA structures? Beta - Which type of radiation can travel up to 60' and causes radiation burns? A substance capable of stimulating an exaggerated response after an initial response; similiar to an allergic reaction. - What is a Sensitizer? Any substance capable of producing cancer. - What is a carcinogen? A mutagen alters genetic structure and will perpetuate itself in all future generations. Radiation and LSD are mutagens. - What does a mutagen do? A substance that can be passed from mother to fetus. - What is a teratogen? Infectious or contagious materials. - What are etiological harms?

1. Sickness is caused by a short duration exposure to high level radiation.
2. Injury is a radiation burn.
3. Poisoning is the internalization of radioactive particles. - What is the difference between radiation sickness, injury and poisoning? Direct is contact with the product leaving its container while secondary contamination occurs when a material is transferred from a contaminated person or item. - Direct contamination versus secondary contamination A time weighted average concentration over a 8 hour day and a 40 hour week. Not revised since 1971! - What are Permissible Exposure Limits? A time weighted average concentration over and up to a 10 hour day and a 40 hour week. If different than a PEL it is most likely more protective than the PEL which hasn't been revised since 1971. - What is a Recommended Exposure Limit? The concentration of a material to which a worker may be exposed continuously for up to 15 minutes at a single time, no more than 4 times a day with at least 60 minutes between exposures. - What are Short Term Exposure Limits? 13% or less (LEL ≤ 13) or have a flammable range of at least 12% - At what percentage do flammable gases form ignitable mixtures? Take the UEL and subtract the LEL, the remaining number is the flammable range. - How do you determine the Flammable Range?

H2O2, Hydrogen Peroxide - Organic Peroxides are derivates of what chemical compound? Deflageration is a rapid subsonic burning (slower than the speed of sound. Detonation is a rapid chemical reaction, faster than the speed of sound (supersonic) that results in pressure waves. - Deflagerate versus Detonate. 118.9 gallons, 881.8 lbs, or 1001 pounds of gases. - Non-Buld containers must hold less than.... Liquefied gases kept at extremely low temperatures. - What are cryogenics? Danger, Warning and Caution in decreasing order. - When examining pesticide labels which words describe the level of toxicity?

1. Air, 2. Water, 3. Surface, 4. Sub-Surface - What are the mediums that products can be released into? Hazardous Waste Manifest. - What are the shipping papers for hazardous waste called? A hazard is a possible risk of being exposed to something harmful. Exposure is standing near a hazardous substance or getting the substance on your protective clothing. A contamination is direct contact with the hazardous material. - When dealing with decon explain the differences between Hazard, Exposure and Contamination.
2. Surface contamination--> confined to the outside of the material and is easily removed.
3. Permeation occurs when the chemical moves into the object or person on the molecular level. - What are the two mechanisms of contamination? The process of removing or reducing the level of a material from a person or equipment. - What is decontamination?
4. Technical Decon
5. Emergency Decon
6. Radiation Decon
7. Mass Decon - What are the four Decon strategies? The rapid removal of contamination to prevent or minimize health effect do to exposure to a chemical. Will minimize cross contamination of emergency personnel and hospital personnel. - What is emergency decon? Physical and chemical decons. - What are the two general means of decontamination?
8. Dilution
9. absorption
10. Heat or Freezing
11. Air flow

5. Disposal - What are the common methods of physical decon?
6. Chemical degradation
7. Adsorption
8. Neutralization
9. Washing, a combo of dilution, physical removal and the use of a surfactant.
10. Disinfection/sterilization
11. Solidification - What methods are used during chemical decon?
12. Thermal stressors--> heat or cold, flames, radiant heat, exothermic reactions.
13. Mechanical --> force applied to the container, impact or shock pressure.
14. Chemical --> Product placed into wrong type of container, eaten away by the product. - What are the three container stressors?
15. Disintegration
16. Runaway of linear cracking --> over pressurization of high pressure tanks causing cracking along the sides before spreading all around the tank.
17. Opening of closures --> failure of a cap, hatch, gasket, gauge, or pressure release device.
18. Puncture
19. Splits of tears caused by the tank being impacted and sliding. - What are the 5 types of container breach?
20. Detonation
21. Violent Rupture
22. Rapid Relief
23. Spill or leak - What are the types of container release?
24. Hemisphere--> Dome shaped pattern, 1/2 a globe
25. Cloud --> often in a mushroom shape.
26. Plume --> wedge shaped vapor cloud
27. Cone--> funnel shaped release from a single point
28. Stream--> flow of material following the lay of the land.
29. Pool --> relatively stationary collection of material on the surface of the ground or water.
30. Irregular--> None of the above - Name the Dispersion Patterns Level 1 --> Potential emergency conditions, confined to a small area and there is no immediate threat to life or property. Level 2 --> Limited emergency conditions, Potential threat to life or property. Level 3 --> Full emergency, Threats to life or property - What are the NFPA incident levels? Absorption is a physical process while Adsorption is a chemical process - Absorption versus adsorption The process of spraying a water fog into a vapor cloud to cause movement and dissipation of the vapors. - Define Vapor Dispersion.

The process of covering a material that is giving off hazardous vapors. Can be done with water, sand, plastics or foams. - What is vapor suppression? An eductor is used to create foam by the venturi method. - What device is used to create foam and by what method?

1. Protein
2. Fluoroprotein
3. AFFF, Aqueous Film Forming Foam
4. ARFFF, Alcohol resistant AFFF
5. Expansion Foams - What are the five types of firefighting foam? 150' - What is the maximun length of hose between a foam eductor and the nozzle? Roll on, bank down and rain down. - What are the foam application techniques? Because they are less buoyant and are effected less by thermal column. - Why are lower expansion foams better suited for fire fighting than vapor suppression? Because they have thicker and deeper blankets, harder for vapor to travel through. - Whay are higher expansion foams better suited for vapor suppression than fire fighting? Medium and high expansion foams are more suspectible to winds. - Which types of foam are suspectible to winds? No, an electric or hydraulic fan is also needed to produce sufficient aeration. - Can high expansion foam be created from a stanard pumper truck?
6. Air-purifying respirator--> scrubs the air not for use in IDLH or oxygen deficient atmospheres
7. Particulate respirators--> Gas masks, 3 types of filters, 3 levels of efficiency
8. Supplied air respirators--> Air line respirators, + or - pressure, must be used with escape tank.
9. SCBA - What are the four types of respiratory protection. 300' - What is the maximun length of hose for a supplied air respirator?
10. Permeation--> through the fabric of the suit
11. Penetration --> through the mechanical parts of the suit, zippers, seams, valves.
12. Degradation--> physical deterioration of the suit. - What are the three ways hazarous chemical move into a chemical protective suit?
13. Level A--> Fully encapsulating suit w/ positive pressure SCBA
14. Level B--> Splash suit sealed at ankles/wrists, w/ SCBA and two sets of chemical gloves.
15. Level C--> Chem protective clothing, a Splash suit or coveralls w/ APR or PAPR.

4. Work clothes without respiratory clothing. - What are the four levels of chemical protective clothing?