Head and Neck Anatomy: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Dentistry

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DHYG 111- Head and Neck Exam 4

2024/2025 fully solved & updated

(midsagittal) frontal plane (coronal) e horizontal plane (cross) posterior (dorsal) anterior (ventral)

toward the front superior inferior saggital frontal region supraorbital region glabella

frontal eminence parietal region occipital region temporal region zygomatic region auricular region

orbital region infraorbital region oral region nasal region buccal region mental region

ipsilateral structure on the same side of the body as another structure Contralateral structure on opposite side of the body supraorbital ridge Directly inferior to each eyebrow scalp consists of layers of soft tissue overlying the bones of the braincase auricle oval flap of the ear that collects sound waves; external

external acoustic meatus tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull helix superior and posterior free margin of the auricle tragus smaller flap of tissue of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus antitragus other flap of tissue opposite the tragus intertragic notch small groove between the tragus and antitragus

sclera white area of eyeball pupil opening in the center of the iris iris Colored part of the eye lacrimal glands Behind each upper eyelid and deep within the orbit

• produces tears conjunctiva delicate and thin membrane lining the inside of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball. lateral canthus

outer corner(s) where the upper and lower eyelids meet medial canthus inner angle(s) of the eye root of the nose region of nose located between the eyes nasion Inferior to the glabella is a midpoint cephalometric landmark of the nasal region that corresponds with the junction between the underlying bones bridge of the nose Inferior to the nasion is the bony structure of the skull apex of the nose tip of the nose

naris nostrils nasal septum midline separating naris ala of the nose winglike cartilaginous structure laterally bordering naris temporomandibular joint (TMJ) where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw masseter muscle muscle felt when patients clench cheeks

vermilion zone region of lip where there is a darker reddish appearance than the surrounding skin mucocutaneous junction Lips outlined from surrounding skin vermillion border Edge of vermilion zone nasolabial sulcus Groove running upward between labial commissure and ala of nose "laugh lines" filtrum vertical groove on the skin that is:

• Superior to the midline of the upper lip
• extends inferiorly from the nasal septum

tubercle of the upper lip Inferior to the philtrum, the midline of the upper lip terminates in a thicker area labial commissure upper and lower lips meet at each corner of the mouth labiomental groove separates the lower lip from the chin in the mental region oral cavity inside of the mouth angle of the mandible sharp bent of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule

oral mucosa oral cavity lined by a mucous membrane labial mucosa inner parts of the lips are lined by a pink and thick membrane buccal mucosa The membranous lining of the cheek buccal fat pad buccal mucosa covers a dense pad of inner tissue parotid papilla a small elevation of tissue that protects the ductal opening of the parotid salivary gland maxillary tuberosity tissue-covered elevation on the maxilla just posterior to the most distal maxillary molar

retromolar pad feature on the mandible just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar is a dense pad of tissue maxillary and mandibular vestibules upper and lower horseshoe-shaped spaces in the open area of the oral cavity between the lips and cheeks anteriorly and laterally alveolar mucosa Mucosa lining vestibules of oral cavity mucobuccal fold Fold in the vestibule where labial or buccal mucosa meets alveolar mucosa labial frenum fold(s) of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa on both the maxilla and mandible gingiva

gum tissue attached gingiva gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth mucogingival junction line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the scallop-shaped marginal gingiva gingival margin of each tooth is the nonattached; free gingiva gingival sulcus inner surface of the marginal gingiva faces a space(s); where you floss interdental gingiva (papilla) gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva palate roof of the mouth has two parts: the hard palate and the soft palate

hard palate bony whiter anterior arched part incisive papilla small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate, lingual to the anterior teeth palatine rugae firm irregular ridges of tissue, posterior to incisive papilla soft palate looser and softer posterior part of the palate median palatine raphe midline ridge of tissue on the palate

pterygomandibular fold vertical fold of tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates to the medial side of the mandibular ramus median lingual sulcus midline depression sulcus terminalis V-shaped groove that separates the base from the body of the tongue foramen cecum Where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat or pharynx is a small pitlike depression lingual tonsil dorsal surface of the tongue base on each side is an irregular mass of lymphoid tissue

plica fimbriata fold(s) with fringelike projections on tongue circumvallate lingual papillae Certain surfaces of the tongue have elevated small structures of specialized mucosa lateral surface of the tongue lateral surface of the tongue foliate lingual papillae contain taste bus filiform lingual papillae slender threadlike lingual papillae

fungiform lingual papillae red mushroom-shaped dots lingual frenum anterior midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth sublingual fold ridge of tissue exists on each side of the floor of the mouth, arranged in a V- shaped configuration from the lingual frenum to the base of the tongue sublingual caruncle small papilla at the anterior end of each sublingual fold pharynx muscular tube that serves both the respiratory and digestive systems

laryngopharynx lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus oropharynx central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis nasopharynx continuous with the nasal cavity